Parâng Mountains
Parâng Mountains (Romanian pronunciation: [paˈrɨŋɡ]) are one of the highest mountain ridges in Romania and Southern Carpathians, with its highest peak Parângu Mare reaching 2,519 m.
Description
The Parâng mountains are located in the south-western part of the Central-Meridional Carpathians. They are the tallest mountains from the local Parang-Cindrel mountain group and the second largest mountains in the Romanian Carpathians after the Fagaras mountains. They are situated between the Şureanu mountains (north), Latoritei mountains (north-east), Căpăţânii mountains (east), Vâlcan mountains (west) and the Petroşani depression in the north-west. Located south and east of the city of Petroşani, the Parâng mountains form the eastern barrier of the Jiu Valley (a plateau 100 kilometers long from east to west and 70-80 kilometers wide from north to south).
Geology
The Parang Mountains consist predominantly of crystalline rocks, peripherally covered with patches of sediments from the Paleozoic, Mesozoic (massive limestone, conglomerates) and Cenozoic era, mixed with large areas of granite outcrops. On the southern slope, sedimentary rocks from the Mezozoic period can be found, more exactly massive limestone from the jurassic era. The newest rocks are found on the southern frame of the mountains and in the north-west, where it is bordered by the Petrosani Depression. The nature of the rocks favored the emergence of bulk, rounded ridges, separated by deep valleys. The mountains present an overall asymmetry, with the northern front more steepen, with short ridges, while the southern facade is less inclined and with longer ridge. Especially in the southern part, the slopes are composed of several steps.[1][2]
Climate
Temperatures
The general layout of the main ridge on a west-east axis and its altitudes of over 2000m makes the Parang mountains a orographic dam in the way of the air masses that flow on the north to north-west and south to south-west directions. Also, the asymmetry of the main ridge, with the steep side to the north, leads to the receiving of different amounts of heat and moisture, more on the southern side. The sun shines approximately 1800–2000 hours/year, the highest temperatures being recorded in July and august. The average annual temperature is 6°C at the bottom of the mountain and 0°C at altitudes around 1800m. Above 2000m, the average temperature is below 0°C. The difference between the recorded average temperatures of the southern and northern slopes is around 1-2°C.
Precipitations
The average annual rainfall is between 900 and 1200mm. The most abundant rainfall is recorded around the altitude of 1600m to 1800m. June is the month with the highest precipitations, 110mm at the bottom of the mountain and 160mm at altitudes over 1500m. It snows on average 90 days per year above the altitude of 1500m. The first snow comes during the first half of October, while the last one during the first decade of mai(above 1500m) or late April at lower altitudes. At high altitudes the snow is present on average for 200 days each year. The thickness of the snow layer depends on the weather conditions, the exposure of the slopes to the winds, exposure to the sun, snowfall etc. At over 1500m, the average thickness is greater than 1m.
Wind
The wind intensity is high all around the year. Above 2000m, the westers winds are dominant, while below this threshold, the wind direction and intensity are influenced by the mountain relief. Above 2000m, the average wind speed is 8-10m/s. During the cold season, the wind speed may reach 15m/s and above on some ridges.
Flora
In close connection with the relief characteristics of the Parang mountains, the vegetation is clearly shaped into 3 layers. The first layer is the broadleaf forest, which starts from the bottom of the mountains and goes as high as 1200m (northern slope) and 1400m (southern slope). They are made up of pedunculate oak, european hornbeam, silver birch and, the most common, but moslty spread on the souther slope, the european beech. The second layer mostly extended on the northern and western slopes, between 1000m and 1750m, and is composed of norway spruce forests and, locally, european silver fir. In the Parang mountains, the tree line is situated between 1600m and 1800m. Above this limit are located the subalpine and Alpine grasslands. The vegetation here is made up of krummholz trees, such as swiss pine, european larch, mountain pine and net-leaved willow, but also mountain cranberry, green alder and bilberry. Also common are grass family members, such as bentgrass, tufted fescue and highland rush. On limestone rich areas, edelweiss can be found.[3]
Fauna
The southern Charpatians fauna is characteristic also to the Parang mountains. Among mammals, the grey wolf, fox, wild boar, brown bear, eurasian lynx and red deer can be found.
Image gallery
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Parangu Mare peak view from Gauri peak -
Northern view of the Coasta lui Rus peak -
Western view of the Coasta lui Rus peak -
Gheresu glacier lake -
Parangu Mare peak -
Cârja(2405m), second highest peak -
View of the Parang mountains main ridge
References
- ^ Alexandru Roşu, Geografia Fizică a României. (Trans: The Physical Geography of Romania), 1980, II edition, Ed. Didactică & Pedagocică Bucureşti.
- ^ Mihai Ielenicz, Ileana Pătru, România - Geografie Fizică, (Trans: Romania - Physical Geography), 2005, Ed. Universitara, ISBN 973-7787-47-1
- ^ I. Sircu, Geografia Fizică a Republicii Socialiste României. (Trans: The Physical Geography of the Socialist Republic of Romania), 1971, Ed. Didactică & Pedagocică Bucureşti.
External links
- A few images from the Parang Mountains
- Jiu Valley Portal - the home of the Official Jiu Valley City Websites and a gateway to the Parang Mountains and other destinations in the Transylvanian Alps
- Maps of the Parang and other mountain ranges in the Transylvanian Alps