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12 Years a Slave (film)

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12 Years a Slave
Theatrical release poster
Directed bySteve McQueen
Screenplay byJohn Ridley
Produced byBrad Pitt
Dede Gardner
Jeremy Kleiner
Bill Pohlad
Steve McQueen
Arnon Milchan
Anthony Katagas
StarringChiwetel Ejiofor
Michael Fassbender
Benedict Cumberbatch
Paul Dano
Paul Giamatti
Lupita Nyong'o
Sarah Paulson
Brad Pitt
Alfre Woodard
CinematographySean Bobbitt
Edited byJoe Walker
Music byHans Zimmer
Production
companies
Distributed byFox Searchlight Pictures (US)
Summit Entertainment (International)
Release dates
  • August 30, 2013 (2013-08-30) (Telluride Film Festival)
  • October 18, 2013 (2013-10-18) (limited)
  • November 1, 2013 (2013-11-01) (United States)
  • January 24, 2014 (2014-01-24) (United Kingdom)
Running time
134 minutes
CountriesUnited States
United Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
Budget$20 million[1]
Box office$3,410,000[2]

12 Years a Slave is a 2013 British-American historical drama film, an adaptation of the 1853 autobiography Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup, a free black man who was kidnapped in Washington, D.C. in 1841 and sold into slavery. He worked on plantations in the state of Louisiana for 12 years before his release. The first scholarly edition of Northup's memoir, co-edited by Sue Eakin and Joseph Logsdon in 1968,[3] carefully retraced and validated his account, finding it to be remarkably accurate.[4] The film is directed by Steve McQueen and written by John Ridley. Chiwetel Ejiofor stars as Solomon Northup. 12 Years a Slave premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on August 30, 2013. The film was given a limited release in the United States on October 18, 2013, with a nationwide release scheduled for November 1, 2013.[5]

Plot

In 1841, Solomon Northup (Ejiofor) is a free black man living with his wife and children in Saratoga, New York. He makes his living playing the violin. One day he is lured into a lucrative touring gig by a pair of men (Scoot McNairy and Taran Killam). After a night out with the two men, who drugged and sold him into slavery, Northup awakens to find himself chained to the floor, as he is now being transported to a cotton plantation in the American South, where he is purchased as a slave by slave owner William Ford (Benedict Cumberbatch) and eventually sold to another plantation run by an abusive slave driver Edwin Epps (Michael Fassbender). Northup spends 12 years as a Southern slave before his release.

Cast

Production

Development

After meeting at a Creative Artists Agency screening of Hunger in 2008, director Steve McQueen got in touch with screenwriter John Ridley about his interest in making a film about "the slave era in America" with "a character that was not obvious in terms of their trade in slavery."[8] Developing the idea back and forth, the two did not strike a chord until McQueen's wife found Solomon Northup's 1853 autobiography Twelve Years a Slave. "I read this book, and I was totally stunned," said McQueen about Northup's memoir. "At the same time I was pretty upset with myself that I didn't know this book. I live in Amsterdam where Anne Frank is a national hero, and for me this book read like Anne Frank's diary but written 97 years before — a firsthand account of slavery. I basically made it my passion to make this book into a film."[9]

After being in development for some time, the film was officially announced in August 2011 with McQueen to direct and Chiwetel Ejiofor to star as Solomon Northup, a free black man who was kidnapped and sold into slavery.[10] McQueen compared Ejiofor's conduct "of class and dignity" to that of Sidney Poitier and Harry Belafonte.[7] In October 2011, Michael Fassbender (who starred in McQueen's previous films Hunger and Shame) joined the cast.[11] In early 2012, the rest of the roles were cast, and filming was scheduled to begin at the end of June 2012.[12]

To capture the dialect of the era in which the film takes place, dialect coach Michael Buster was brought in to assist the cast in altering their speech.[13] "We don't know what slaves sounded like in the 1840s, so I just used rural samples from Mississippi and Louisiana [for actors Ejiofor and Fassbender]," said Buster. "Then for Benedict [Cumberbatch], I found some real upper-class New Orleanians from the '30s. And then I also worked with Lupita Nyong'o, who's Kenyan but she did her training at Yale. So she really shifted her speech so she could do American speech."[14]

Filming

With a production budget of $20 million,[1] principal photography began in New Orleans, Louisiana on June 27, 2012. After seven weeks,[15] filming concluding on August 13, 2012.[16] As a way to keep down production practicalities and costs, a bulk of the filming took place around the greater New Orleans area — mostly south of where the real-life Solomon was enslaved.[17] Among locations were four historic Antebellum plantations: Felicity Plantation, Magnolia Plantation, Bocage Plantation, and Destrehan Plantation.[18] One of the plantations in Vacherie, was just a few miles from the actual site. "To know that we were right there in the place where these things occurred was so powerful and emotional," said actor Chiwetel Ejiofor. "That feeling of dancing with ghosts — it’s palpable."[19] Filming also took place at the Columns Hotel and Madame John's Legacy in the French Quarter of New Orleans.[20]

Cinematographer Sean Bobbitt, who also was the film's primary camera operator,[21] shot 12 Years a Slave on 35 mm film with a 2.35:1 widescreen aspect ratio using both an Arricam LT and ST. "Particularly for a period piece, film gives the audience a definite sense of period and quality," said Bobbitt. "And because of the story's epic nature, widescreen clearly made the most sense. Widescreen means a big film, an epic tale – in this case an epic tale of human endurance."[22] In addition to keeping with the nature of the story, the filmmakers avoided a desaturated visual style that expressed a more gritty documentary aesthetic.[23] Drawing visual comparisons to the works of Spanish painter Francisco Goya, McQueen explained, "When you think about Goya, who painted the most horrendous pictures of violence and torture and so forth, and they're amazing, exquisite paintings, one of the reasons they're such wonderful paintings is because what he's saying is, 'Look – look at this.' So if you paint it badly or put it in the sort of wrong perspective, you draw more attention to what's wrong with the image rather than looking at the image."[24]

Music

See also: 12 Years a Slave (soundtrack)

The musical score to 12 Years a Slave was composed by Hans Zimmer, with original on-screen violin music written and arranged by Nicholas Britell and performed by Tim Fain.[25] The film also features a few pieces of western classical and American folk music such as Franz Schubert's "Trio in B-flat, D471" and John and Alan Lomax's arrangement of "Run Nigger Run".[26] A soundtrack album, 12 Years a Slave: Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture, will be released digitally on November 5 and in physical formats on November 11, 2013 by Columbia Records.[27] In addition to Zimmer's score, the album features music inspired by the film by artists such as John Legend, Alicia Keys, Chris Cornell, and Alabama Shakes.[28] Legend's song "Roll Jordan Roll" debuted online three weeks prior to the soundtrack's release.[29]

Distribution

Release

12 Years a Slave premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on August 30, 2013,[30] before screening at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival on September 6,[31] the New York Film Festival on October 8,[32] and Philadelphia Film Festival on October 19, 2013.[33]

On November 15, 2011, it was announced that Summit Entertainment had secured a deal to distribute 12 Years a Slave to international markets.[34] In April 2012, a few weeks before principal photography, New Regency Productions agreed to co-finance the film.[35] Because of a distribution pact between 20th Century Fox and New Regency, Fox Searchlight Pictures acquired the film's United States distribution rights.[36] However, instead of paying for the distribution rights, Fox Searchlight made a deal in which it would share box-office proceeds with the financiers of the independently financed film.[37] 12 Years a Slave was commercially released on October 18, 2013 in the United States for a limited release and will expand nationwide on November 1, 2013.[38] The film was initially scheduled to be released in late December 2013, but "some exuberant test screenings" led to the decision to move up the release date.[39]

Marketing

Due to both the film's explicit nature and award contender status, 12 Years a Slave's financial success has been under review. Many analysts have compared the film's content to other epic drama films of a similar vein such as Schindler's List and The Passion of the Christ, which became box successes despite their respected subject matters.[37][19] "It may be a tough subject matter, but when handled well [...] films that are tough to sit through can still be commercially successful," said Phil Contrino of Boxoffice Magazine.[40] Despite its content, the film's critical success has assisted domestic distribution by Fox Searchlight in its strategy of rolling the film out from a limited to a wide release, as the studio had successfully done in years prior with Black Swan and The Descendants.[41]

The question of box office performance outside of the United States has also been a topic of interest. While films relying on black stars have often not performed well in international markets, recent years have begun to prove otherwise.[42][43] Regardless, international release dates for 12 Years a Slave have been largely delayed to early 2014 in order to take advantage of the attention created by awards seasons. "Despite the perceived wisdom that African-American films don’t travel," said Stuart Ford, chief executive of IM Global, which sold the foreign distribution rights to the 2013 African-American film Lee Daniels' The Butler. "A great movie is a great movie, and great movies are at a premium right now."[44]

During its marketing campaign, 12 Years a Slave received unpaid endorsements by celebrities such as Kanye West and Sean Combs.[45] In a video posted by Revolt, Combs urged viewers to see 12 Years a Slave by stating, "This movie is very painful but very honest, and is a part of the healing process. I beg all of you to take your kids, everybody to see it. [...] You have to see this so you can understand, so you can just start to understand."[46]

Reception

Box office

During its opening limited release in the United States, 12 Years a Slave debuted with a weekend total of $923,715 on 19 screens for a $48,617 per-screen average.[47] The following weekend, the film entered the top ten after expanding to 123 theatres and grossing an additional $2.1 million.[48]

Critical response

When it premiered at the 2013 Telluride Film Festival and, more significantly, at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival, 12 Years a Slave was universally acclaimed by critics and audiences, who greatly praised the film for its acting (particularly for Chiwetel Ejiofor, Michael Fassbender, and Lupita Nyong'o), Steve McQueen's direction, screenplay, production values, and its extreme faithfulness to Solomon Northup's eponymous autobiography. The film holds a 95% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 130 reviews with an average score of 8.9/10, with the site's consensus stating, "It's far from comfortable viewing, but 12 Years a Slave's unflinchingly brutal look at American slavery is also brilliant -- and quite possibly essential -- cinema."[49] Metacritic, another review aggregator, assigned the film a weighted average score of 96 (out of 100) based on 38 reviews from mainstream critics, considered to be "universal acclaim".[50] CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film an "A" grade.[51]

Richard Corliss of TIME Magazine highly heralds the film and its director, Steve McQueen, by stating: "Indeed, McQueen’s film is closer in its storytelling particulars to such 1970s exploitation-exposés of slavery as Mandingo and Goodbye, Uncle Tom. Except that McQueen is not a schlockmeister sensationalist but a remorseless artist." Corliss draws parallels with Nazi Germany, saying, "McQueen shows that racism, aside from its barbarous inhumanity, is insanely inefficient. It can be argued that Nazi Germany lost the war both because it diverted so much manpower to the killing of Jews and because it did not exploit the brilliance of Jewish scientists in building smarter weapons. So the slave owners dilute the energy of their slaves by whipping them for sadistic sport and, as Epps does, waking them at night to dance for his wife’s cruel pleasure. It is the rare white man who will speak racial equality to the plantation owner’s power; in 12 Years a Slave, that voice is Brad Pitt’s."[52] Gregory Ellwood of HitFix gave the film an "A-" rating, stating, "12 Years is a powerful drama driven by McQueen's bold direction and the finest performance of Chiwetel Ejiofor's career." He continued by praising the performances of Fassbender and Nyong'o, citing Nyong'o as "the film's breakthrough performance [that] may find Nyong'o making her way to the Dolby Theater next March." He also admired the film's "gorgeous" cinematography and the musical score, as "one of Hans Zimmer's more moving scores in some time."[53] Paul MacInnes of The Guardian scored the film five out of five stars, writing, "Stark, visceral and unrelenting, 12 Years a Slave is not just a great film but a necessary one."[54] The reviewers of Spill.com gave it high acclaim as well, with two reviewers giving it a "Better Than Sex," their highest rating. However, the reviewers agreed that it wasn't a film they'd watch again anytime soon. When comparing it to the miniseries version of Roots, reviewer Cyrus stated that "Roots is the The Care Bears Movie in comparison to this."[55]

Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly praised it as "a new movie landmark of cruelty and transcendence" and as "a movie about a life that gets taken away, and that’s why it lets us touch what life is." He also commented very positively about Ejiofor's performance, while further stating, "12 Years a Slave lets us stare at the primal sin of America with open eyes, and at moments it is hard to watch, yet it’s a movie of such humanity and grace that at every moment, you feel you’re seeing something essential. It is Chiwetel Ejiofor’s extraordinary performance that holds the movie together, and that allows us to watch it without blinking. He plays Solomon with a powerful inner strength, yet he never soft-pedals the silent nightmare that is Solomon’s daily existence."[56] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone, gave the film a four star rating and said: "you won't be able to tuck this powder keg in the corner of your mind and forget it. What we have here is a blistering, brilliant, straight-up classic."[57] Manohla Dargis wrote, in her review for The New York Times, "the genius of 12 Years a Slave is its insistence on banal evil, and on terror, that seeped into souls, bound bodies and reaped an enduring, terrible price."[58] The Daily Telegraph's Tim Robey granted the film a maximum score of five stars, stating that "it's the nobility of this remarkable film that pierces the soul.", whilst praising Ejiofor and Nyong'o performance's.[59] Tina Hassannia of Slant Magazine said that "using his signature visual composition and deafening sound design, Steve McQueen portrays the harrowing realism of Northup's experience and the complicated relationships between master and slave, master and master, slave and slave, and so on."[60]

The film was not without its criticisms. Stephanie Zacharek of The Village Voice was more critical of the film, stating, "Aside from a characteristically nuanced lead performance by Chiwetel Ejiofor, [...] it's a picture that stays more than a few safe steps away from anything so dangerous as raw feeling. Even when it depicts inhuman cruelty, as it often does, it never compromises its aesthetic purity."[61] Peter Malamud Smith of Slate Magazine criticized the story, saying, "12 Years a Slave is constructed as a story of a man trying to return to his family, offering every viewer a way into empathizing with its protagonist. Maybe we need a story framed on that individual scale in order to understand it. But it has a distorting effect all the same. We're more invested in one hero than in millions of victims; if we’re forced to imagine ourselves enslaved, we want to imagine ourselves as Northup, a special person who miraculously escaped the system that attempted to crush him." Describing this as "the hero problem", Malamud Smith concluded his review explaining, "We can handle 12 Years a Slave. But don’t expect 60 Years a Slave any time soon. And 200 Years, Millions of Slaves? Forget about it."[62]

The film's producers, director McQueen, lead actor Ejiofor, supporting actors Fassbender and Nyong'o, and writer Ridley were widely tipped for award season success. When commenting on the film's Oscar buzz, Ejiofor said, "I love the film. I think it's a really strong piece of work. But I also want people to come to it without all the buzz and the hype and this and that. It's a story of a man going through an extraordinary circumstance. And I do feel it needs to be engaged with in its own quiet, reflective way."[63]

Accolades

Awards
Award Date of ceremony Category Recipients and nominees Result
Britannia Awards[64] November 9, 2013 British Artist of the Year Benedict Cumberbatch also for August: Osage County, The Fifth Estate, The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug, and Star Trek Into Darkness Won
Gotham Awards[65] December 2, 2013 Best Feature Brad Pitt, Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner, Bill Pohlad, Steve McQueen, Arnon Milchan, and Anthony Katagas Pending
Best Actor Chiwetel Ejiofor Pending
Best Breakthrough Actress Lupita Nyong'o Pending
Hollywood Film Awards[66] October 20, 2013 Breakthrough Directing Steve McQueen Won
New Hollywood Award Lupita Nyong'o Won
Mill Valley Film Festival[67][68] October 11, 2013 Overall Audience Favorite Won
MVFF Award Steve McQueen and Chiwetel Ejiofor Won
Toronto International Film Festival[69][70] September 15, 2013 People's Choice Award Steve McQueen Won

See also

References

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  2. ^ "12 Years a Slave (2013)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
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  5. ^ "Where to see 12 YEARS A SLAVE". foxsearchlight.com. October 2, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
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  8. ^ Thompson, Anne (October 16, 2013). "John Ridley Talks Writing '12 Years a Slave' and Directing Hendrix Biopic 'All Is By My Side'". IndieWire. Snagfilms. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
  9. ^ "'12 Years A Slave' Was A Film That 'No One Was Making'". NPR. National Public Radio, Inc. October 24, 2013. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
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  11. ^ Kroll, Justin (October 12, 2011). "Duo team on 'Slave'". Variety. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ Sneider, Jeff (May 24, 2012). "Thesps join McQueen's 'Slave' cast". Variety. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ Scott, Mike (October 28, 2013). "'12 Years a Slave': Five cool things to know about the New Orleans-shot historical epic". The Times-Picayune. Advance Publications. Retrieved October 29, 2013.
  14. ^ Lytal, Cristy (September 28, 2013). "'12 Years a Slave' dialect coach Michael Buster speaks up". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved October 29, 2013.
  15. ^ Scott, Mike (May 3, 2012). "Brad Pitt to shoot '12 Years a Slave' adaptation in New Orleans". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved February 1, 2013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
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  17. ^ Horn, John (October 18, 2013). "Steve McQueen films '12 Years a Slave' on familiar territory". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
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  19. ^ a b Sacks, Ethan (October 13, 2013). "No ordinary movie, '12 Years a Slave' is a brutal and honest depiction of America's gravest mistake". New York Daily News. Daily News, L.P. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  20. ^ Torbett, Melanie (October 20, 2013). "'Twelve Years a Slave' movie has Cenla roots". The Town Talk. Gannett Company. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  21. ^ Giardina, Carolyn (October 17, 2013). "'12 Years a Slave' Cinematographer Sean Bobbitt: Not Letting the Audience Off the Hook". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  22. ^ Goldrich, Robert (October 18, 2013). "The Road To Oscar, Part 1: Backstories On 12 Years A Slave And Nebraska". Shoot Online. DCA Business Media LLC. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  23. ^ Desowitz, Bill (October 18, 2013). "Immersed in Movies: Cinematographer Sean Bobbitt Talks '12 Years a Slave'". IndieWire. Snagfilms. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
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  28. ^ Jagernauth, Kevin (October 22, 2013). "Inspired By '12 Years A Slave' Soundtrack Features John Legend, Cody Chestnutt, Chris Cornell & More". IndieWire. Snagfilms. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  29. ^ "John Legend's 'Roll Jordan Roll' Debuts From '12 Years A Slave'". The Huffington Post. AOL. October 24, 2013. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  30. ^ Hammond, Pete (August 31, 2013). "Telluride: '12 Years A Slave' Ignites The Festival, But Fox Searchlight Plans To Take It Slow". Deadline.com. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  31. ^ Bailey, Cameron. "12 Years a Slave | tiff.net". Toronto International Film Festival. Toronto International Film Festival Inc. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
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  33. ^ "22nd Philadelphia Film Festival Announces Film Additions and Scheduling Changes". Philadelphia Film Society. October 14, 2013. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  34. ^ McNary, Dave (November 15, 2011). "Summit inks int'l deals on 2 pics". Variety. Penske Business Media. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  35. ^ Masters, Kim (October 27, 2013). "Paramount, Brad Pitt Company Feuding Over '12 Years a Slave' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  36. ^ Weston, Hillary (March 28, 2013). "Steve McQueen's 'Twelve Years a Slave' to be Released by Fox Searchlight This December". BlackBook. McCarthy, LLC. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
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  39. ^ Fleming, Mike (June 27, 2013). "New Regency Moves '12 Years A Slave' Up To An October 18 Platform Bow". Deadline.com. Penske Media Corporation. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ Ryan, Joal (October 18, 2013). "12 Years a Slave Could Win Best Picture, but About the Box Office…". E!. NBCUniversal Cable. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  41. ^ Cunningham, Todd (October 17, 2013). "Can '12 Years a Slave' Translate Oscar Buzz Into Box Office?". The Wrap. The Wrap News Inc. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
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  46. ^ Lewis, Hilary (October 24, 2013). "Diddy Praises '12 Years a Slave': 'The Truth Has Finally Almost Been Told' (Video)". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
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  50. ^ "12 Years a Slave". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
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  53. ^ Ellwood, Gregory (August 31, 2013). "Review: Powerful 12 Years a Slave won't turn away from the brutality of slavery". HitFix. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
  54. ^ MacInnes, Paul (September 7, 2013). "12 Years a Slave: Toronto film festival - first look review". The Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  55. ^ "'12 Years a Slave' - Audio Review". Spill.com. Hollywood.com. October 23, 2013. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
  56. ^ Gleiberman, Owen (September 7, 2013). "Toronto 2013: '12 Years a Slave' is a landmark of cruelty and transcendence". Entertainment Weekly. CNN. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
  57. ^ Travers, Peter (October 17, 2013). "'12 Years a Slave' Review". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  58. ^ Dargis, Manohla (October 17, 2013). "The Blood and Tears, Not the Magnolias: '12 Years a Slave' Holds Nothing Back in Show of Suffering". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  59. ^ Robey, Tim (October 17, 2013). "12 Years A Slave, first review". The Daily Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
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  62. ^ Malamud Smith, Peter (October 20, 2013). "We Can Be Heroes: 12 Years a Slave, Schindler's List, and the hero problem in American movies". Slate Magazine. The Washington Post Company. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
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  66. ^ Fienberg, Scott (September 30, 2013). "'12 Years a Slave' Director and Actress to be Honored at Hollywood Film Awards (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 30, 2013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  67. ^ Walsh, Jason (October 15, 2013). "'12 Years a Slave' takes audience award at MVFF". Pacific Sun. Retrieved October 25, 2013. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  68. ^ "Spotlight on Steve McQueen and Chiwetel Ejiofor". Mill Valley Film Festival. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
  69. ^ Vlessing, Etan (September 15, 2013). "Toronto: '12 Years a Slave' Wins Audience Award". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 15, 2013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  70. ^ Hammond, Pete (September 15, 2013). "Toronto: '12 Years A Slave' Wins People's Choice Award". Deadline.com. Retrieved September 15, 2013. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)

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