Has (region)
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Introduction
The name of Hasi was documented in the year 1570 and many cronists in the beggining of the 17th century have used this name regarding the Kastriots' origin and the Askol population. In latin, Has means 'Dry land' because of its nature which remains even today known as the Dry Has. Hasi is an ethno-geographic area with well-defined borders, sorrounded by rivers of Drini i Bardh in all sides. Hasi area is located in north-eastern part of Albania, being part of Kukes(inside of the Albanian territory) while the south-western part remaining in Kosovo, in Gjakova area and a part that captures the Prizren area. This division occured in 1913 at the Ambasadors Conference of London after the Balkan wars. Hasi has an area of 371 kilometers square and has a population of around 40,000 in the Republic of Kosovo, while in the Republic of Albania it has an area of 374 kilometers square and a population of 21,500. In this way ,Hasi has an area of 745 kilometers square and a population of 61,500.
Name (Etymology)
Has designation emerges from a document of the year 1570. In the early 17th century many chronicler mention the name of Has refering to the origin of the Kastriotis and the Askol population who struggled in the pronunciation of the letters h ands and in this way its name is seen in form of "Az" or "Ass". In the early 17th century Has was also known as Has Shullaa which in Latin means "dry places" according to its nature which remains the same even nowadays which becomes called Dry Has.[1]
Geography
"Has" region that is part of Republic of Albania doesn't contain the whole ethnographic region of Has. Has is a ethnographic province with well defined boundaries, surrounded all around with lakes. Its region in the parts of Albania is based on Kukes, and through the Kosovo side, it is divided in the Municipality of Gjakova, and one part in the Municipality of Prizren. Some of the main rivers in Has are Kruma, Vlahna, Rosman, Leshnica, Vogova, Racica,Trava and Deshtica while the main lakes are Kruma's Lake, Zym's Lake, Shigjeq's Lake and Fierza. Hasi contains of 37 different villages which are divivded into flat settlements, hilly settlements and rocky mountains. These villages are: Gorozhup,Milaj, Planej,Kojush, Mazrrek,Gjonaj,Tupec,Shëngjergj,Zym,Lukinaj,Krajk,Romajë,Dedaj,Lugishtë,Kabash,Kushnin,Rogova,Demjani,Gercina,Lipoveci,Ujzi,Bishtazhi,Smaci,Godeni,Doli,Raca,Moglica,Zhubi,Pjetërshan,Guska,Vogova,Brekoci,Zylfaj,Kushaveci,Kusari,Firza and Deva.[2]
Climate
The highland of Hasterritory, on geographicalbasis has a climate of three main types such as: a) Continental climate with elements of Mediterrean Climate elements in the valley of the Drina and b) mountain climate which reigns in the hilly areas of Has. The Has part in which the impact of the Mediterranean climate is felt is characterized with hot and dry summers, with little precipitation. The average annual temperature reaches 11.4C. The month of January is the coldest month in this region where the average temperature is 0.4C - 0.9C, while higher temperatures meet during July and August with 22C and 22 C. Average amount of precipitation in religion Has ranges from 700-800 mm.[3]
Natural Resources in Has
Hasi is considered to be very rich in natural resources and the main region is Vlanes with about3,000,000 tons of chrome reserves containing 30-32 % of Cr2O3 and special troops with over 40 %. In this district there are other objects in Gajrep , Gzhime , Perollaj and Mac, which are known with around 300,000 tonnes of chrome reserves .
Except chrome, there also known other copper vain objects of Quartz - Sulphide in the massive Gabror in the areas of Nikolic 1 and 2 with about 2,000,000 tons of reserves, Golaj is considered to have around1,000,000 tons. Mines of Golaj and Kurma are closed and are not being usedl however the natural resources of these areas should not be ignores. The distinguished copper reserves in the Has district are: Nikolic Golaj area , Krumë , Zahrisht , in the Has district . Albania is a big source of chromium and its areas with deposits are Vlahna and Perollaj. Areas rich in ferronickel and nickel silicate are those of Muc - Has areas with the the fields of Gjinaj and Domajve along the lake shore of Fierza. Copper deposits of the Kruma Golaj , though with reservations , are off interest from business use due to the poor quality of the district minerals. Have undergroud counts for 14 million tons of chrome reserves.[4]
History
Has full province has been divided unfairly after the Balkans War in the early twentieth century. This partition was sanctioned in the Ambassadors Conference in London in 1913. In the eastern part of Albania was set the borderline in 1913(which divided the nation in half) which is in border with the Republic of Kosovo. Hasi’s mutilation of the territory in the twentieth century created not only unprecedented isolation, but, deeper still, a spiritual division, cultural and ethnographic itself, which was experienced with no less pain. Today, the area of Hasi contains of about 371 km ² and has a population of about 40,000 inhabitants, is part of the Republic of Kosovo.
Hasi Wars under centuries and their consequences
Hasi’s territory was divided unfairly after the Balkan wars in the early twentieth century. The Ambassadors’ Conference in London in 1913 sanctioned the partition of the territory; a decision which put the ruthless Albanian land in being chopped to complete chauvinistic desires of Balkan states. This decision divided the Albanian territory and destroyed more than half of Albanian population.
Hasi had been this unfortunate as well, losing a part of its territory which was given to Serbia without taking into consideration that it composed a unique language, culture and traditions with heritage since antiquity. Long Roman, Byzantine, Slavic and Turkish invasions have forced populations to move from this area by issuing or thinning settlements by often taking refuge in the depths of Dukagjini and returning again.
Many medieval chroniclers, historians and scholars have determined Hasi as a Kastriotis country of origin. Many researchers that have dealt with this issue have come up with different opinions but the most convincing version is the origin from Kastriotis. According to Fran Bardhi as expressed in 1636 " After a controversial submission I conclude that Kastriotis that were from Hasi, Prizren” and this is today as the most reliable variant and a reliable source.
After the battle of Kosovo in 1389 the Turkish invasion in Albanian lands became faster and Hasi territories became prey to this occupation. It set the military feudal system and the residents had to pay multiple taxes. The population was violently converted into Muslims and a part of residents withdrew in mountainous areas where Christianity was still standing, while residents who remained were forced to change the religion. In these areas during the sixteenth century highland tribes such as Berisha , Bytyç , Gash , Krasniq , Kastrati , Morine , Shal , Thac ,settled; a population which grew and consolidated Hasi’s territory .