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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by AntonSamuel (talk | contribs) at 10:11, 4 February 2018 (I agree, those "simplification" edits removed a lot of relevant information. The IFB list is a bit long though, and the different subgroups can be found in the main IFB article.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Syrian Civil War
Part of the Arab Spring, the Arab Winter, the spillover of the Iraq conflict and Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

Military situation in January 2018
     Syrian Arab Republic      Syrian opposition      Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (SDF)
     Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)
  Tahrir al-Sham (formerly al-Nusra Front)
For a more detailed, up-to-date, interactive map, see Template:Syrian Civil War detailed map.
Date15 March 2011 (2011-03-15) – present    (13 years, 9 months, 1 week and 6 days)
Location
Syria (with spillovers in neighboring countries)
Status Ongoing
Territorial
changes		 Syrian government: 57.3% of Syrian territories; Syrian Democratic Forces: 24.1%; Syrian opposition and HTS: 10.6%; ISIL: 7.8% (as of January 2018)[18]
Main belligerents
Syrian opposition

 Turkey[b] (from 2016)

Support:

Ahrar al-Sham[e]

Jaysh al-Islam

Support:

File:Flag of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham.svg Tahrir al-Sham[d][e]

Turkistan Islamic Party

Support:
Commanders and leaders
Killed in action:
Killed in action:
Killed in action:
Killed in action:
Killed in action:
Strength

Syrian Armed Forces: 180,000[55]
General Security Directorate: 8,000[56]
National Defense Force: 80,000[57]
Eagles of the Whirlwind: 6,000-8,000[58] Hezbollah: 6,000–8,000[59]
Ba'ath Brigades: 7,000
Liwa Al-Quds: 4,000-8,000 Russia: 4,000 troops[60] and 1,000 contractors [61]
Iran: 3,000–5,000[59][62]

Other allied groups: 15,500+

FSA: 40,000–50,000[63] (2013)
Islamic Front: 40,000–70,000[64] (2014)
Other groups: 12,500[65] (2015)

Ahrar al-Sham: 18,000–20,000+[66][67] (March 2017)

Tahrir al-Sham: 31,000[68]

41,500 Rebels by June 2017
(Acc. Russian MOD)[69]		 15,000–20,000 (U.S. claim, late 2016)[70] 1,000 (U.S. claim, late 2017)[71]

SDF: 50,000+[72][73]

  • YPG and YPJ: 57,000–60,000[74][75]
    (most, not all, part of the SDF)
  • Syriac Military Council (MFS): 2,000[76]
  • Al-Sanadid Forces: 4,500+[77]
  • SDF Military Councils: 10,000+[78][79][80]
Casualties and losses

Syrian Government:
63,251–98,251 soldiers killed[81][82]
48,112–62,112 militiamen killed[81][82]
4,700 soldiers and militiamen and 2,000 supporters captured[81]
Hezbollah:
1,592–1,800 killed[81][83]
Russia Russia:
43 soldiers[84][85] and 81–131+ contractors killed

Other non-Syrian fighters:
7,481 killed[81] (1,455 Iranian-led)[86]

122,539–163,539 fighters killed[f][81][82]
979 protesters killed[87]

Turkey Turkey:
99 soldiers killed		 24,232+ killed (per SOHR)[88]
20,711+ killed (per YPG and SAA)[89][90]

DFNS:
3,834 killed[91][92][93]

CJTF–OIR:
5 killed[94][95][96][97]

103,490[81]–110,218[98] (3,284 foreign; mostly Palestinian) civilian deaths documented by opposition
71 other foreign soldiers killed
(Lebanon 48, Iraq 16, Jordan 7)

Total killed:
346,612–481,612 (December 2017 SOHR estimate)[81]
470,000 (February 2016 SCPR estimate)[99]

Over 7,600,000 internally displaced (July 2015 UNHCR estimate)

Over 5,116,097 refugees (July 2017 registered by UNHCR)[100]

a The FSA was a centralized organization from 2011 until early 2013. Since then, the use of their name by armed groups has been arbitrary.
b Turkey has provided arms support to the Syrian opposition since 2011. From August 2016 to March 2017, Turkey fought alongside a rebel contingent in Aleppo governorate against the SDF and ISIL but not against the Syrian government.
c From Sep. to Nov. 2016, the U.S. fought alongside a rebel contingent in Aleppo governorate solely against ISIL, but not against the Syrian government or the SDF.[101][102] In 2017, the U.S. intentionally attacked the Syrian government six times, while it accidentally hit a Syrian base in Sep. 2016, killing over 100 SAA soldiers. The Syrian government maintains that this was an intentional attack.[103]
d HTS's predecessor (the Al-Nusra Front) and ISIL's predecessor (ISI) were allied al-Qaeda branches until April 2013. An ISI-proposed merger of the two into ISIL was rejected by the Al-Nusra Front and al-Qaeda cut all affiliation with ISIL in February 2014.
e Ahrar al-Sham and Tahrir al-Sham's predecessor, the Al-Nusra Front, were allied under the Army of Conquest from March 2015 to January 2017.

f Number includes Kurdish and ISIL fighters, whose deaths are also listed in their separate columns.[104][81]

References

  1. ^ "Iraq conducts first airstrikes against ISIS in Syria". CNN. February 24, 2017.
  2. ^ "Trump ends CIA arms support for anti-Assad Syria rebels: U.S. officials". Reuters. 19 July 2017.
  3. ^ Ruth Sherlock (25 November 2011). "Libya's new rulers offer weapons to Syrian rebels". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 8 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
    C. J. Chivers; Eric Schmitt; Mark Mazzetti (21 June 2013). "In Turnabout, Syria Rebels Get Libyan Weapons". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  4. ^ "ISI Confirms That Jabhat Al-Nusra Is Its Extension in Syria, Declares 'Islamic State of Iraq And Al-Sham' As New Name of Merged Group". MEMRI. 8 April 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
  5. ^ "Key Free Syria Army rebel 'killed by Islamist group'". BBC News. 12 July 2013.
  6. ^ "Al-Qaeda in Iraq confirms Syria's Nusra Front is part of its network". Al Arabiya. 9 April 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  7. ^ Watson, Ivan; Tuysuz, Gul; CNN (29 October 2014). "Meet America's newest allies: Syria's Kurdish minority". CNN. Retrieved 4 November 2017. {{cite news}}: |last3= has generic name (help)
  8. ^ A. Jaunger (30 July 2017). "US increases military support to Kurdish-led forces in Syria". ARA News. Retrieved 1 January 2018 – via Inside Syria Media Center.
  9. ^ Jamie Dettmer (9 June 2016). "France Deploys Special Forces in Syria as IS Loses Ground". VOA. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  10. ^ "U.S.-backed fighters poised to cut key ISIS supply line". CBS News. 9 June 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  11. ^ a b Irish, John (13 November 2013). "Syrian Kurdish leader claims military gains against Islamists". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 November 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2017. Muslim said the PYD had received aid, money and weapons from the Iraq-based Kurdistan Democratic Party and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan...
  12. ^ Ranj Alaaldin (16 December 2014). "A Dangerous Rivalry for the Kurds". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 April 2017. Once again, the P.U.K. saw a chance to seize the initiative, by suggesting that it, rather than the Kurdistan regional government or the K.D.P., was providing weapons and supplies to the Syrian Kurdish fighters, who belong to a party that has historically been at odds with the K.D.P.
  13. ^ Jack Murphy (23 March 2017). "Did Kurdistan's Counter-Terrorist Group assault the Tabqa Dam in Syria?". SOFREP. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
  14. ^ Alexander Whitcomb (30 October 2014). "Peshmerga advance team in Kobane". Rudaw Media Network. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
  15. ^ "France Says Its Airstrikes Hit an ISIS Camp in Syria". The New York Times. 28 September 2015.
  16. ^ "COALITION: SPECIAL OPS FORCES TRAIN, EQUIP TWO OPPOSITION GROUPS IN SOUTHERN SYRIA". NRT News. 22 May 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  17. ^ Barton, Rosemary (26 November 2015). "Justin Trudeau to pull fighter jets, keep other military planes in ISIS fight". CBC News. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
  18. ^ Sh. Oliver‏, Nawar (18 January 2018). "Updated #Control & Influence #Map of #Syria and Western #Iraq 15 Jan 2018, #Data Shows % of Gains & Losses in the last 30 Days, things are not looking good for the Opposition #HTS, and not a surprise #ISIS once again is advancing but this time in #Aleppo and #Idlib". @Nawaroliver.
  19. ^ "Leading Syrian regime figures killed in Damascus bomb attack". The Guardian. July 2012.
  20. ^ "Syria defence minister killed in Damascus bomb". The Daily Telegraph. 18 July 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  21. ^ "Syria Remains Silent on Intelligence Official's Death". The New York Times. 24 April 2015.
  22. ^ (Head of National Defence Forces)"Assad cousin killed in Syria's Latakia". Al Jazeera. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  23. ^ "Iranian commander Brigadier General Hossein Hamedani killed by Isis while advising Syrian regime". The Independent. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  24. ^ "Iranian General Is Killed in Syria". The Wall Street Journal. 13 February 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  25. ^ "Commander of Hezbollah Freed by Israel Is Killed in Syria". BBC. 20 December 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  26. ^ "Obituary: Hezbollah military commander Mustafa Badreddine". BBC. 14 May 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  27. ^ "Al-Nusra Front claims responsibility for Hezbollah fighters' death". Middle East Monitor. 19 January 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  28. ^ "Israeli strike on Syrian Golan Heights 'kills son of top military commander and five other fighters from Lebanese Shiite militant group'". Daily Mail. 19 January 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  29. ^ "Analysis: Shiite Afghan casualties of the war in Syria". FDD's Long War Journal. 12 March 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  30. ^ "Update 1-Moscow blames 'two-faced U.S. policy' for Russian general's Syria death -RIA". Reuter. 25 September 2017.
  31. ^ "Turkish Special Forces: From stopping a coup to the frontline of the ISIL fight". Hürriyet Daily News. 24 August 2016.
  32. ^ "Top Syrian rebel commander dies from wounds". Reuters. 17 November 2013.
  33. ^ a b "Leading Syrian rebel groups form new Islamic Front". BBC. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  34. ^ "Suicide bombing kills head of Syrian rebel group". The Daily Star.
  35. ^ "Al Qaeda's chief representative in Syria killed in suicide attack". FDD's Long War Journal.
  36. ^ "Russian raids kill prominent Syrian rebel commander". Al Jazeera. 25 December 2015.
  37. ^ Nic Robertson; Paul Cruickshank (5 March 2015). "Source: Syrian warplanes kill leaders of al-Nusra". CNN. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ "Senior Nusra Front commander killed in Syria air strike". Al Jazeera. 6 March 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  39. ^ "Nusra Front spokesman killed by air strike in Syria". Al Jazeera. 4 April 2016.
  40. ^ "Syria's Qaeda spokesman, 20 jihadists dead in strikes: monitor". AFP. 3 April 2016 – via Yahoo!.
  41. ^ "Air strike kills top commander of former Nusra group in Syria". Reuters. 9 September 2016.
  42. ^ "Leader of Qaeda Cell in Syria, Muhsin al-Fadhli, Is Killed in Airstrike, U.S. Says". The New York Times. 2 July 2015.
  43. ^ "Isis leader incapacitated with suspected spinal injuries after air strike". The Guardian. 1 May 2015.
  44. ^ "ISIS confirms death of senior leader in Syria". FDD's Long War Journal. February 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  45. ^ Alessandria Masi (11 November 2014). "If ISIS Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Killed, Who Is Caliph Of The Islamic State Group?". International Business Times. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  46. ^ Schmidt, Michael S.; Mazzetti, Mark (25 March 2016). "A Top ISIS Leader Is Killed in an Airstrike, the Pentagon Says". The New York Times.
  47. ^ Starr, Barbara (14 March 2016). "U.S. assesses ISIS operative Omar al-Shishani is dead". CNN.
  48. ^ Ryan, Missy (3 July 2015). "U.S. drone strike kills a senior Islamic State militant in Syria". The Washington Post. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  49. ^ Starr, Barbara; Conlon, Kevin (19 May 2015). "U.S. names ISIS commander killed in raid". CNN. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  50. ^ Starr, Barbara; Acosta, Jim (22 August 2015). "U.S.: ISIS No.2 killed in US drone strike in Iraq". CNN.
  51. ^ Sherlock, Ruth (9 July 2014). "Inside the leadership of Islamic State: how the new 'caliphate' is run". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  52. ^ "Isis: US-trained Tajik special forces chief Gulmurod Khalimov becomes Isis war minister". International Business Times. 6 September 2016 – via Yahoo News.
  53. ^ Sands, Phil; Maayeh, Suha web (17 November 2015), "Death of 'ISIL commander' in southern Syria a blow to the group", The National
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  57. ^ ISIS’ Iraq offensive could trigger Hezbollah to fill gap left in Syria The Daily Star, 16 June 2014
  58. ^ https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/03/28/the-eagles-of-the-whirlwind/
  59. ^ a b "Iran 'Foreign Legion' Leads Battle in Syria's North". The Wall Street Journal. 17 February 2016.
  60. ^ http://www.businessinsider.com/russias-syria-force-has-reportedly-grown-to-4000-people-2015-11
  61. ^ https://www.wsj.com/articles/up-to-nine-russian-contractors-die-in-syria-experts-say-1450467757
  62. ^ "State-of-the-art technology is giving Assad's army the edge in Syria". 26 February 2016.
  63. ^ Cockburn, Patrick (11 December 2013). "West suspends aid for Islamist rebels in Syria, underlining their disillusionment with those forces opposed to President Bashar al-Assad". The Independent.
  64. ^ "Front to Back". Foreign Policy.
  65. ^ Who are these 70,000 Syrian fighters David Cameron is relying on?. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  66. ^ "Is Syria's Idlib being groomed as Islamist killing ground?".
  67. ^ "Al Qaeda Is Starting to Swallow the Syrian Opposition".
  68. ^ Rida, Nazeer (30 January 2017). "Syria: Surfacing of 'Hai'at Tahrir al-Sham' Threatens Truce". Asharq Al-Awsat.
  69. ^ Numbers of rebels according to the Russian Minister of Defense.
  70. ^ "Isis ranks dwindle to 15,000 amid 'retreat on all fronts', claims Pentagon". The Guardian. 11 August 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
  71. ^ "EXCLUSIVE: ISIS Took The Decision To Withdraw From Deir Ezzor". Qasion News. 28 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  72. ^ "US Assistant Secretary of Defense tells Turkey only ISIS is a target, not Kurds – ARA News". 16 January 2017.
  73. ^ CNN, Tim Lister. "The race to retake Raqqa from ISIS". CNN. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  74. ^ "Will the Islamic State last through 2015?". Today's Zaman. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
  75. ^ "Kurdish Women Turning Kobani into a Living 'Hell' for Islamic State".
  76. ^ "Syrien: Christen lassen sich von IS nicht vertreiben". Die Welt. 14 March 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
  77. ^ Hassan Hassan (2017). "The Battle for Raqqa and the Challenges after Liberation" (PDF). CTC Sentinel. West Point, New York: Combating Terrorism Center. pp. 1–10. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  78. ^ "US coalition spokesman: Arabs are leading Manbij campaign, not Kurds – ARA News". 4 June 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  79. ^ "US-backed fighters close in on IS Syria bastion". Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  80. ^ Rodi Said (25 August 2017). "U.S.-backed forces to attack Syria's Deir al-Zor soon: SDF official". Reuters.
  81. ^ a b c d e f g h i "About 500000 persons were killed in Syria during 81 months after the Syrian Revolution started". 10 December 2017.
  82. ^ a b c "Tantalizing promises of Bashar al- Assad kill more than 11000 fighters of his forces during 5 months". SOHR. 17 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  83. ^ "Report: Hezbollah to leave Syria in 2018 to prepare for conflict with Israel". Jewish News Service. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  84. ^ "How 'Wagner' came to Syria". The Economist. 2 November 2017.
  85. ^ "Герои войны: потери Вооруженных сил РФ в ходе сирийской операции" [Heroes of war: losses of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation during the Syrian operation]. TASS. 4 January 2018. According to official publications of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and representatives of Russian regional authorities, during the military operation in Syria, which began September 30, 2015, 43 Russian servicemen were killed as a result of the fighting.
  86. ^ "Ayatollah Khamenei's Shia International looms large".
  87. ^ "Syria: Opposition, almost 11,500 civilians killed". Ansamed.ansa.it. 19 March 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  88. ^ 8,000 killed in fighting (29 June 2014–28 June 2015),[1] 417 killed in Palmyra offensive (March 2016),[2] 47 killed in fighting with rebels (27–29 May 2016),[3] 1,026 killed in Manbij offensive,[4] 283 killed in Palmyra offensive (2017),[5] 1,291 killed in Battle of Raqqa (2017),[6] 1,186 killed in Central Syria campaign (July 2017–present), [7] [8][9] [10][11][12] 538 executed (29 June 2014–23 September 2017),[13] 7,176 killed in U.S. air-strikes (22 September 2014–23 September 2017),[14] 4,258 killed in Russian air-strikes (30 September 2015–01 August 2017),[15] total of 24,232+ reported killed
  89. ^ "YPG releases balance-sheet of 2014: Nearly 5,000 ISIS members killed".
    "Balance of the War Against Hostile Groups in Rojava, Northern Syria: Year 2015".
    YPG releases the 2016 balance sheet of war
  90. ^ "Syrian Army Kills Nearly 5,000 IS Militants in Three Months: Source". sputniknews.com. 25 December 2014.
    "The army takes full control of Palmyra city, hundreds of ISIS terrorists killed – Syrian Arab News Agency".
  91. ^ Jonathan Steele. "The Syrian Kurds Are Winning!". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
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  93. ^ "At least 82 Kurdish YPG fighters killed in recent clashes with ISIS, Turkish army – ARA News". 4 April 2017.
  94. ^ "Marine is first US death in operations against Islamic State". The Times of India. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
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  96. ^ "American Is Killed in First Casualty for U.S. Forces in Syria Combat". The New York Times. 24 November 2016.
  97. ^ News, A. B. C. (27 May 2017). "US service member killed in Syria identified as 22-year-old from Georgia". ABC News. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  98. ^ "Violations Documenting Center". Violations Documenting Center. 8 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
  99. ^ editor, Ian Black Middle East (10 February 2016). "Report on Syria conflict finds 11.5% of population killed or injured" – via The Guardian. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  100. ^ (UNHCR), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response".
  101. ^ Thomas Gibbons-Neff (16 September 2016). "U.S. Special Operations forces begin new role alongside Turkish troops in Syria". The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  102. ^ Andrew Tilghman (16 November 2016). "U.S. halts military support for Turkey's fight in key Islamic State town". MilitaryTimes. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  103. ^ Fadel, Leith (27 September 2016). "US Coalition knew they were bombing the Syrian Army in Deir Ezzor".
  104. ^ "More than 215,000 killed in Syria since 2011". 3news.co.nz.
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