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Britannia arm-in-arm with Uncle Sam symbolizes the British-American alliance in World War I .
An early example of National personification in a gospel book dated 990: Sclavinia , Germania , Gallia , and Roma , bringing offerings to Emperor Otto III .
1909 cartoon in Puck shows (clockwise) US, Germany, Britain, France and Japan engaged in naval race in a "no limit" game.
A national personification is an anthropomorphic personification of a nation or its people. It may appear in political cartoons and propaganda . As a personification it cannot be a real person, of the Father of the Nation type, or one from ancient history who is believed to have been real.
Some early personifications in the Western world tended to be national manifestations of the majestic wisdom and war goddess Minerva /Athena , and often took the Latin name of the ancient Roman province . Examples of this type include Britannia , Germania , Hibernia , Helvetia and Polonia . Examples of personifications of the Goddess of Liberty include Marianne , the Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World ), and many examples of United States coinage. Another ancient model was Roma , a female deity who personified the city of Rome and more broadly, the Roman state, and who was revived in the 20th Century as the personification of Mussolini 's "New Roman Empire ". Examples of representations of the everyman or citizenry in addition to the nation itself are Deutscher Michel , John Bull and Uncle Sam .[ 1]
Personifications by country or territory
Country
Image
Personification
Animal used for the same purpose
Albania
Mother Albania (Nëna Shqipëria )
Argentina
Effigy of the Republic/Liberty/Progress/Fatherland , Gaucho
Armenia
Mother Armenia (Mayr Hayastan ; lit. "Mother Hayastan ")
Australia
Little Boy from Manly
Boxing kangaroo
Austria
Austria
Bangladesh
Bangamata (lit. Mother Bengal );
Joy Bangla (Template:Lang-bn ; meaning "Victory to Bengal") was the slogan and war cry of the Mukti Bahini that fought for the independence of Bangladesh during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.[ 2]
Bengal tiger .[ 3]
Belgium
La Belgique or Belgica . The country is also commonly represented by a lion, historically known as Leo Belgicus .
Brazil
Efígie da República ; the Bandeirante (only in São Paulo State ); the Candango (in Brasília ); the Gaúcho (in Rio Grande do Sul )
Bulgaria
Mother Bulgaria
Cambodia
Preah Thong and Neang Neak
Canada
Mountie ,[ 4] Johnny Canuck ,[ 5] Le Vieux de '37 (French Canada), Canada Bereft also known as Mother Canada (at the Canadian National Vimy Memorial )
Chile
El Roto , El Huaso , La Carmela , Doña Juanita (an average Chilean woman from the countryside), Moya (a common surname used as N.N. )
China and Taiwan
Jade Emperor
Chinese dragon
Czech Republic
Čechie , Czech Vašek , Svejk .
double-tailed Czech lion
Denmark
Holger Danske , Mor Danmark
Dominican Republic
Conchoprimo
Egypt
Mother of the World (Om El Donia )
El Salvador
Monumento al Divino Salvador del Mundo
Europe
Europa or Europa regina
Zeus as a white bull
Finland
Finnish Maiden (Suomi-neito )
France
Marianne
Gallic rooster
Georgia
Georgia: "Mother of a Georgian" (Kartvlis Deda )
Germany
Germany: Germania , Deutscher Michel
Bavaria: Bavaria , Berlin: Berolina , Brunswick: Brunonia, Franconia: Franconia, Hamburg: Hammonia , Prussia: Borussia, Palatinate: Palatia, Saxony: Saxonia
Greece
Hellas
Haiti
Ezili Dantor , Katrin (based on the real life Haitian hero, Catherine Flon)
Hungary
The Lady of Hungaria
Iceland
The Lady of the Mountains (Fjallkonan )
India
Bharat Mata ("Mother India")
Indian tiger , Indian elephant
Indonesia
Ibu Pertiwi
Garuda Pancasila
Iran
Lion and Sun
Ireland
Ériu , Banba , Fódla , Kathleen Ni Houlihan , Hibernia , The Old Woman of Beare [ 6]
Israel
Srulik
Italy
Italia Turrita
Japan
Amaterasu , Emperor Jimmu
Green Pheasant , Koi
Kenya
Wanjiku
Korea ( North Korea and South Korea )
Dangun , Ungnyeo , Yangban
Korean Tiger , Chollima
Kyrgyzstan
File:Manas Monument in Bishkek.jpg
Manas
Malaysia
Hang Tuah
Malayan tiger
Malta
Melita
Mexico
Alegoría de la Patria Mexicana (es ), La China Poblana
Morocco
Barbary Lion
Montenegro
Fairy of Lovćen , Mother Montenegro
Netherlands
Dutch Maiden
Dutch Republic Lion
New Zealand
Zealandia [ 7]
Kiwi
North Macedonia
Mother Macedonia [ 8] [ 9]
Norway
Mother Norway [no ] , stereotyp. Ola Nordmann & Kari Nordmann , hist. Nór
Palestine
Handala
Peru
The chalán, La Madre Patria
Philippines
Ináng Bayan, Filipinas
Poland
Polonia
Portugal
Zé Povinho , Eu nacional (National Self), Republic effigy , Guardian Angel of Portugal
Romania
România
Russia
Mother Russia/Mother Motherland
Russian bear
Serbia
Mother Serbia , Kosovo Maiden
Singapore
Merlion
Slovakia
Jánošík
Slovenia
Kranjski Janez ("John from Carniola ", an average man from Slovenia's central region), Peter Klepec
Spain
Hispania
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Matha
Suriname
Mama Sranan (Mother Suriname ), a 1965 sculpture by Jozeph Klas in the center of Paramaribo , of a mother figure holding five children representing Suriname's ethnic groups in her arms.[ 10]
Sweden
Mother Svea , Svenne Svensson
Switzerland
Helvetia
Thailand
File:Pra Siamdevadhiraj.png
Phra Siam Devadhiraj (พระสยามเทวาธิราช "The guardian angel of Siam "), Thailand
White elephant
Ukraine
Cossack Mamay
United Kingdom
Britannia (United Kingdom), John Bull (England ), Dame Wales (Wales )
The Lion and the Unicorn (England and Scotland ), Welsh dragon (Wales)
United States
Uncle Sam (government personification), Statue of Liberty as Lady Liberty , Columbia , Johnny Rebel (The South , obsolete), Billy Yank (The North , obsolete), Brother Jonathan (New England , obsolete)
Bald Eagle
Uruguay
Personification of Uruguay
Vietnam
The Four Immortals
See also
References
^ Eric Hobsbawm, "Mass-Producing Traditions: Europe, 1870-1914," in Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger, eds., The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge, 1983), 263-307.
^ Ahmed, Salahuddin (2004). Bangladesh: Past and Present . APH Publishing. p. 310. ISBN 8176484695 . Retrieved July 11, 2012 .
^ "NATIONAL SYMBOLS" . Bangladesh Tourism Board . Bangladesh: Ministry of Civil Aviation & Tourism.
^ McGill, Robert (2017). War Is Here: The Vietnam War and Canadian Literature . McGill-Queen's Press. p. 37. ISBN 9780773551589 . Retrieved 17 May 2019 .
^ Barber, Katherine (2007). Only in Canada You Say: A Treasury of Canadian Language . Oxford University Press Canada. p. 70. ISBN 9780195427073 .
^ O'Rourke Murphy, M. & MacKillop, J. (2006). An Irish Literature Reader: Poetry, Prose, Drama .
^ https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/32532/south-african-war-memorial-waimate
^ "A Manifesto from the Provisional Government of Macedonia". 1881. Our mother Macedonia became now as a widow, lonely and deserted by her sons. She does not fly the banner of the victorious Macedonian army
^ Bulgarian graphic representation of Bulgaria, East Rumelia and North Macedonia
^ http://www.parbode.com/opinie/item/2629-kunstschatten-mama-sranan
Further reading
Lionel Gossman . "Making of a Romantic Icon: The Religious Context of Friedrich Overbeck's 'Italia und Germania.'" American Philosophical Society, 2007. ISBN 0-87169-975-3 . [1]
External links
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