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VLC media player
Developer(s)VideoLAN
Initial releaseFebruary 1, 2001; 23 years ago (2001-02-01)[1]
Stable release(s) [±]
Windows, Linux, & macOS3.0.21[2] Edit this on Wikidata / 5 June 2024; 6 months ago (5 June 2024)
Android3.5.4[3] Edit this on Wikidata / 6 July 2023; 17 months ago (6 July 2023)
ChromeOS1.7.3[4] Edit this on Wikidata / 23 December 2015; 9 years ago (23 December 2015)
iOS, Apple TV3.6.4[5] Edit this on Wikidata / 23 August 2024; 4 months ago (23 August 2024)
Windows (UWP)3.1.2 / 20 July 2018; 6 years ago (2018-07-20)[6][7]
Windows Phone3.1.2 / 20 July 2018; 6 years ago (2018-07-20)[8]
Repository
Written inCore: C
GUI: C++ (with Qt), Objective-C (with Cocoa), Swift
Bundled Extensions: Lua[9]
Operating systemWindows NT, Windows Phone, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, Apple TV, Tizen, OS/2[10], Xbox One system software
PlatformIA-32, x86-64, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC
Available in48 languages[11]
TypeMedia player
LicenseLGPLv2.1+[12][13]
Websitevideolan.org/vlc

VLC media player (commonly known as just VLC) is a free and open-source portable cross-platform media player software and streaming media server developed by the VideoLAN project. VLC is available for desktop operating systems and mobile platforms, such as Android, iOS, iPadOS, Tizen, Windows 10 Mobile and Windows Phone. VLC is also available on digital distribution platforms such as Apple's App Store, Google Play and Microsoft Store.

VLC supports many audio and video compression methods and file formats, including DVD-Video, video CD and streaming protocols. It is able to stream media over computer networks and to transcode multimedia files.[15]

The default distribution of VLC includes a large number of free decoding and encoding libraries, avoiding the need for finding/calibrating proprietary plugins. The libavcodec library from the FFmpeg project provides many of VLC's codecs, but the player mainly[16] uses its own muxers and demuxers. It also has its own protocol implementations. It also gained distinction as the first player to support playback of encrypted DVDs on Linux and macOS by using the libdvdcss DVD decryption library.[citation needed]

History

The VideoLan software originated as an academic project in 1996. VLC used to stand for "VideoLAN Client" when VLC was a client of the VideoLAN project. But since VLC is no longer merely a client, that initialism no longer applies.[17][18] It was intended to consist of a client and server to stream videos from satellite dishes across a campus network. Originally developed by students at the École Centrale Paris, it is now developed by contributors worldwide and is coordinated by VideoLAN, a non-profit organization. Rewritten from scratch in 1998, it was released under GNU General Public License on February 1, 2001, with authorization from the headmaster of the École Centrale Paris. The functionality of the server program, VideoLan Server (VLS), has mostly been subsumed into VLC and has been deprecated.[19] The project name has been changed to VLC media player because there is no longer a client/server infrastructure. The cone icon used in VLC is a reference to the traffic cones collected by École Centrale's Networking Students' Association.[20] The cone icon design was changed from a hand drawn low resolution icon[21] to a higher resolution CGI-rendered version in 2006, illustrated by Richard Øiestad.[22]

In 2007 the VLC project decided, for license compatibility reasons, not to upgrade to just released GPLv3.[23] After 13 years of development, version 1.0.0 of VLC media player was released on July 7, 2009.[24] Work began on VLC for Android in 2010 and it has been available for Android devices on the Google Play store since 2011.[25][26] In September 2010, a company named "Applidium" developed a VLC port for iOS under GPLv2 with the endorsement of the VLC project, which was accepted by Apple for their App Store.[27][28] In January 2011, after VLC developer Rémi Denis-Courmont's complaint to Apple about the licensing conflict between the VLC's GPLv2 and the App store's policies,[29] the VLC had been withdrawn from the Apple App Store by Apple.[30] Subsequently, in October 2011 the VLC authors began to relicense the engine parts of VLC from the GPLv2 to the LGPLv2 to achieve better license compatibility, for instance with the Apple App Store.[31][32][33][34] In July 2013 the VLC application could be resubmitted to the iOS App Store under the Mozilla Public License.[35] Version 2.0.0 of VLC media player was released on February 18, 2012.[13][36] The version for the Windows Store was released on March 13, 2014. Support for Windows RT, Windows Phone and Xbox One were added later.[37] As of 2016 VLC is the third in the sourceforge.net overall download count,[38] and there have been more than 3 billion downloads.[39]

Version 3.0 was in development for Windows, Linux and macOS since June 2016[40] and released in February 2018.[41] It contains a lot of new features including Chromecast output support (except subtitles[42]), hardware-accelerated decoding, 4K and 8K playback, 10-bit and HDR playback, 360° video and 3D audio, audio passthrough for HD audio codecs, BluRay Java menu support, and local network drive browsing.

In December 2017 the European Parliament approved a budget that funds a bug bounty program for VLC to improve the EU's IT infrastructure.[43]

Design principles

Modular design

VLC, like most multimedia frameworks, has a very modular design which makes it easier to include modules/plugins for new file formats, codecs, interfaces, or streaming methods. VLC 1.0.0 has more than 380 modules.[44] The VLC core creates its own graph of modules dynamically, depending on the situation: input protocol, input file format, input codec, video card capabilities and other parameters. In VLC, almost everything is a module, like interfaces, video and audio outputs, controls, scalers, codecs, and audio/video filters.

Interfaces

Keyboard map (basic)

The default GUI is based on Be API on BeOS, Cocoa for macOS, and Qt 4 for Linux and Windows, but all give a similar standard interface. The old default GUI was based on wxWidgets on Linux and Windows.[45] VLC supports highly customizable skins through the skins2 interface,[46] and also supports Winamp 2 and XMMS skins.[47] Skins are not supported in the macOS version.[48] VLC has ncurses,[49] remote control,[50] and telnet[51] console interfaces. There is also an HTTP[52] interface, as well as interfaces for mouse gestures and keyboard hotkeys.[53]

Features

Because VLC is a packet-based media player it plays almost all video content. It can play some, even if they're damaged, incomplete, or unfinished, such as files that are still downloading via a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. It also plays m2t MPEG transport streams (.TS) files while they are still being digitized from an HDV camera via a FireWire cable, making it possible to monitor the video as it is being played. The player can also use libcdio to access .iso files so that users can play files on a disk image, even if the user's operating system cannot work directly with .iso images.

VLC supports all audio and video formats supported by libavcodec and libavformat. This means that VLC can play back H.264 or MPEG-4 Part 2 video as well as support FLV or MXF file formats "out of the box" using FFmpeg's libraries. Alternatively, VLC has modules for codecs that are not based on FFmpeg's libraries. VLC is one of the free software DVD players that ignores DVD region coding on RPC-1 firmware drives, making it a region-free player. However, it does not do the same on RPC-2 firmware drives, as in these cases the region coding is enforced by the drive itself, however, it can still brute-force the CSS encryption to play a foreign-region DVD on an RPC-2 drive. VLC media player has some filters that can distort, rotate, split, deinterlace, and mirror videos as well as create display walls or add a logo overlay. It can also output video as ASCII art.

VLC media player can play high-definition recordings of D-VHS tapes duplicated to a computer using CapDVHS.exe. This offers another way to archive all D-VHS tapes with the DRM copy freely tag. Using a FireWire connection from cable boxes to computers, VLC can stream live, unencrypted content to a monitor or HDTV. VLC media player can display the playing video as the desktop wallpaper, like Windows DreamScene, by using DirectX, only available on Windows operating systems. VLC media player can record the desktop and save the stream as a file, allowing the user to create screencasts.[54][55][56] On Microsoft Windows, VLC also supports the Direct Media Object (DMO) framework and can thus make use of some third-party DLLs (Dynamic-link library). On most platforms, VLC can tune into and view DVB-C, DVB-T, and DVB-S channels. On macOS the separate EyeTV plugin is required, on Windows it requires the card's BDA Drivers.

VLC can be installed or run directly from a USB flash drive or other external drive. VLC can be extended through scripting; it uses the Lua scripting language.[57][58] VLC can play videos in the AVCHD format, a highly compressed format used in recent HD camcorders. VLC can generate a number of music visualization displays. The program is able to convert media files into various supported formats.[59]

Operating system compatibility

VLC media player is cross-platform, with versions for Android, BeOS, iOS, macOS, tvOS, OS/2, Unix-like, Syllable, and Windows.[10] However, forward and backward compatibility between versions of VLC media player and different versions of OSs are not maintained over more than a couple or so generations.[60] 64-bit builds are available for 64-bit Windows.[61]

Windows 8 and 10 support

The VLC port for Windows 8 and Windows 10 is backed by a crowdfunding campaign on Kickstarter to add support for a new GUI based on Microsoft's Metro design language, that will run on the Windows Runtime. All the existing features including video filters, subtitle support and an equalizer are present in Windows 8.[62] A beta version of VLC for Windows 8 was released to the Microsoft Store on March 13, 2014.[63] A universal app was created for Windows 8, 8.1, 10, Windows Phone 8, 8.1 and Windows 10 Mobile.

Android support

VLC on Android

In May 2012, the VLC team stated that a version of VLC for Android was being developed.[64] The stable release version 1.0 was made available on Google Play on December 8, 2014.[65]

Use of VLC with other programs

API

libVLC
Developer(s)VideoLAN Project
Initial releaseFebruary 1, 2001
Stable release
1.1[66]
Repository
Written inC
TypeMultimedia Library
LicenseGNU Lesser General Public License
Websitewiki.videolan.org/LibVLC

Several APIs can connect to VLC and use its functionality:

  • libVLC API – the VLC Core, for C and C++
  • VLCKit – an Objective-C framework for macOS
  • JavaScript API – the evolution of ActiveX API and Firefox integration
  • D-Bus controls
  • Go binding[67]
  • C# interface
  • Python controls[68]
  • Java API[69]
  • DirectShow filters[70]
  • Delphi/Pascal API: PasLibVlc by Robert Jędrzejczyk[71]
  • Free Pascal bindings and an OOP wrapper component, via the libvlc.pp and vlc.pp units. This comes standard with the Free Pascal Compiler as of November 6, 2012.[72]
  • The Phonon multimedia API for Qt and KDE applications can optionally use VLC as a backend.[73]

Browser plugins

On Windows, Linux, macOS, and some other Unix-like platforms, VLC provides an NPAPI plugin, which enables users to view QuickTime, Windows Media, MP3, and Ogg files embedded in websites without using additional software. It supports many web browsers including Firefox, Mozilla Application Suite, and other Netscape plug-in based browsers; Safari, Chrome, and other WebKit based browsers; and Opera. Google used this plugin to build the Google Video Player web browser plugin before switching to use Adobe Flash.[74]

Starting with version 0.8.2, VLC also provides an ActiveX plugin, which lets people view QuickTime (MOV), Windows Media, MP3, and Ogg files embedded in websites when using Internet Explorer.

Applications that use libVLC

VLC can handle some incomplete files and in some cases can be used to preview files being downloaded. Several programs make use of this, including eMule and KCeasy. The free/open-source Internet television application Miro also uses VLC code. HandBrake, an open-source video encoder, used to load libdvdcss from VLC Media Player[75]. A program named Livestreamer may utilize VLC as its main video stream player and will not work without one. Easy Subtitles Synchronizer, a freeware subtitle editing program for Windows, uses VLC to preview the video with the edited subtitles.

Format support

Input formats

VLC can read a large number of formats, depending on the operating system it is running on, including:[76]

Output formats

VLC can transcode or stream audio and video into several formats depending on the operating system, including:

Legality

The VLC media player software installers for the macOS platform and the Windows platform include the libdvdcss DVD decryption library, even though this library may be legally restricted in certain jurisdictions.[80][81]

United States

The VLC media player software is able to read audio and video data from DVDs that incorporate Content Scramble System (CSS) encryption, even though the VLC media player software lacks a CSS decryption license.[82] The unauthorized decryption of CSS-encrypted DVD content or unauthorized distribution of CSS decryption tools may violate the US Digital Millennium Copyright Act.[82] Decryption of CSS-encrypted DVD content has been temporarily authorized for certain purposes (such as documentary filmmaking that uses short portions of DVD content for criticism or commentary) under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act anticircumvention exemptions that were issued by the US Copyright Office in 2010.[83] However these exemptions do not change the DMCA's ban on the distribution of CSS decryption tools; including those distributed with VLC.[84]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Until VLC 1.1.0, to use AMR as audio codec, VLC and FFmpeg had to be compiled with AMR support. This is because the AMR license is not compatible with the VLC license.
  2. ^ This feature needs sound fonts and might not work on every OS.
  3. ^ RealAudio playback is provided through the FFmpeg library which only supports the Cook (RealAudio G2 / RealAudio 8) decoder at the moment.
  4. ^ As of 2010, only supported in mono and stereo, so no multichannel support.
  5. ^ a b c d This is present in 0.9.0 and newer version.
  6. ^ Indeo 4 and 5 codecs are not supported
  7. ^ from 0.9.9 and over
  8. ^ a b c d e This is from the 0.8.6 version.
  9. ^ VLC must be compiled with mp3lame support

References

  1. ^ "15 years of VLC and VideoLAN". Jean-Baptiste Kempf. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
  2. ^ "3.0.21". June 5, 2024. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
  3. ^ "3.5.4". July 6, 2023. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
  4. ^ "VLC - Chrome Web Store". December 23, 2015. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
  5. ^ https://apps.apple.com/us/app/vlc-media-player/id650377962. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ^ "Official Download of VLC media player for Windows Store - VideoLAN". www.videolan.org. VideoLAN. July 20, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  7. ^ "Get VLC - Microsoft Store". www.microsoft.com. VideoLAN. July 20, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  8. ^ "Official Download of VLC media player for Windows Phone - VideoLAN". www.videolan.org. VideoLAN. July 20, 2018. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  9. ^ https://addons.videolan.org/p/1154045/
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  11. ^ "VideoLAN internationalization". VideoLAN. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
  12. ^ "VLC engine relicensed to LGPL". VideoLAN. December 21, 2011. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
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  17. ^ Kempf, Jean-Baptiste (November 23, 2006). "VLC Name". Yet another blog for JBKempf. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
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