Anandalahari
 | |
| Classification | Membranophone Chordophone |
|---|---|
| Hornbostel–Sachs classification | 22 (barrel shaped body, open on one side, and fixed on the bottom of a string(s)) |
| Related instruments | |
| Ektara, Pullavan Kudam, Bhapang, Dotara | |
Anandalahari (Bengali আনন্দলহরী; Sanskrit आनन्दलहरी, ānandalaharī IAST) is a Bengali chordophone musical instrument[1]. It has a barrel-shaped body, open on one side, and fixed on the "bottom" of a single string - single or double[2][1] . Also, a similar instrument named pullavan kudam[1] is found in South India, anandalahari often accompanies dance and may act as a melody and rhythm.[3]
The name "anandalahari" means "waves of joy". Popularly this instrument is called by onomatopoeic names like gubgubi and khamak.[3]
The tool body is wooden, open on both sides; the membrane is fixed in the lower and upper parts with a leather hoop and cords.[3] Some instruments have a hole in the upper diaphragm, others not; it may be completely absent in old instruments.[3] The vein string is attached to the bottom with a piece of bamboo or other material.[3] The other end of the string is fixed inside a copper pot.[3]
The barrel is placed in the left armpit, the pot is taken in the left hand and the string is pulled with it, and the string is played with the right hand using a plectrum[3]. This instrument's melody drives oneself to fall in love with the musical mystics, the baul[2].
Curt Sachs believed that anandalahari and related instruments are a separate class of purely Indian plucked membranophones[4] but ethnomusicologist, Laurence Picken and others have shown that they are clean chordophones.[5]. A similar instrument known as the gopiyantra kendra is used by the Munda people people of Bengal and Odisha Both the gopiyantra and the anandalahari are used by religious mendicant singers of the Sadhu type and especially by singers of the heterodox Baul faith.[6]
See also
References
- ^ a b c Arnold, Alison (2017). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-54438-2.
- ^ a b Lorea, Carola (2016). Folklore, Religion and the Songs of a Bengali Madman: A Journey Between Performance and the Politics of Cultural Representation. BRILL. p. vii. ISBN 978-90-04-32471-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g Dick, Alastair; Montagu, Jeremy (2014). "Ānandalaharī". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-4002261310.
- ^ Sachs, Curt (1923). Die Musikinstrumente Indiens und Indonesiens: zugleich eine Einführung in die Instrumentenkunde (in German). Berlin and Leipzig: Vereinigung Wissenschaftlicher Verleger.
- ^ L.E.R. Picken (1981): The “Plucked Drums”: Gopīyantra and Ānandalaharī’, Musica asiatica, iii, p 29–33
- ^ Ray, Sukumar (1973). Music of Eastern India: Vocal Music in Bengali, Oriya, Assamese, and Manipuri, with Special Emphasis on Bengali. Calcutta: Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay.
External links
- "Anandalahari - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org.