Rosalie Levasseur
Marie-Rose-(Claude-)Josephe[1] Levasseur (or Le Vasseur), known in her day as Mademoiselle Rosalie,[2] and later commonly referred to as Rosalie Levasseur (8 October 1749 – 6 May 1826) was a French soprano who is best remembered for her work with the composer Christoph Willibald Gluck.
Biography
Born in Valenciennes in 1749, she first appeared at the Paris Opéra in a revival of Campra's L'Europe galante in 1766. After an undistinguished beginning to her career, when she appeared only in minor roles, such as Cupid in Berton and Trial's, Théonis (1767), and La Borde's Ismène et Isménias, (1770)[3] her status in the company rapidly improved following Gluck's arrival in Paris in 1774. The new maestro and the primadonna in office, Sophie Arnould, could not stand each other,[4] while Levasseur was the mistress of the Austrian ambassador and Gluck's countryman Florimond de Mercy-Argenteau, who exerted moreover a strong influence on the Dauphine Marie Antoinette, herself a former singing pupil of the German Kapellmeister.[5] At first 'Mlle Rosalie' was given again an insignificant role (a Greek woman) at the premiere of Iphigénie en Aulide in April, but four months later she performed the much more important part of Cupid in Orphée et Eurydice, being endowed with a second additional aria. The following year she took over from Arnould the leading roles of Iphigénie and Eurydice in the new version of the former opera and in the revivals of the latter, after which she was promoted to the company's top soprano being entrusted with the creation of the title roles in the subsequent main operas by Gluck, Alceste on 23 April 1776, Armide on 23 September 1777, and Iphigénie en Tauride on 18 May 1779.[6] She also appeared in operas by Gluck's rival Niccolò Piccinni, as well as Johann Christian Bach, André Grétry, and Antonio Sacchini. In 1783 she handed over to Antoinette Saint-Huberty the role of Armide in Sacchini's Renaud after its third performance, and she is not known to have tried to resume her leading position at the Paris Opera thereafter,[3] just making rarer and rarer appearances in revivals. In June 1784, she performed one last time at Court in the gala entertainment in honour of the King of Sweden, Gustav III,[7] and retired officially in 1785.[3]
Julian Rushton describes Levasseur as a "powerful rather than flexible singer, with a good stage presence if unattractive features."[6]
She died in Neuwied am Rhein in 1826.
Other roles created
- 1768: Spinette in La Vénitienne by Dauvergne[8]
- 1770: Flore in La Fête de Flore by Trial
- 1774: Cupid in Azolan by Floquet
- 1775: Procris in Céphale et Procris by Grétry
- 1775: Chloé in La Cythère assiégée by Gluck (completed by Pierre Montan Berton)
- 1775: Baucis in Philémon et Baucis by Gossec
- 1777: the title role in Ernelinde, princesse de Norvège (3rd revision) by Philidor
- 1778: Angélique in Roland by Piccinni
- 1779: Oriane in Amadis de Gaule by J C Bach
- 1780: the title role in Andromaque by Grétry
- 1780: Andromède in Persée by Philidor
- 1782: the title role in Électre by Lemoyne
References
Notes
- ^ Thus stated by Rushton 1992; Campardon 1880, p. 127, and Pitou 1985, p. 347, report instead "Marie-Claude-Josephe" (written without dashes by the latter); and finally Prod'homme 1916, p. 211, states "Marie Rose Josephe".
- ^ Not to be confused with another "Mlle Rosalie" (whose complete name was Rosalie de Saint-Évreux) who was active in much the same period at the Comédie Italienne as an opéra-comique soprano.
- ^ a b c Pitou 1985, pp. 347–349
- ^ To Mlle Arnould who insisted upon new great arias to sing in Iphigénie en Aulide instead of perpetual recitative, cantankerous Gluck is reported to have once replied that, first of all, one was supposed to be able to sing (Antonia Fraser, Maria Antonietta. La solitudine di una regina, Milan, Mondadori, 2004, p. 130, ISBN 88-04-51311-X).
- ^ Pitou 1985, pp. 347–349. Marie Antoinette ascended the throne, as the Queen consort, in May 1774 upon her grandfather-in-law Louis XV's death, which caused the French theatres to be closed and the first run of Iphigénie en Aulide to be interrupted after its fourth performance.
- ^ a b Rushton 1992, p. 1158
- ^ Prod'homme 1916, pp. 239 et seq..
- ^ Original libretto, p. 4 (accessibie for free online at Gallica - B.N.F.).
Sources
- Campardon, Émile, ed. (1880). "Levasseur (Marie-Claude-Josephe dite Rosalie)". Les Comédiens du roi de la troupe italienne pendant les deux derniers siècles: documents inédits recueillis aux Archives Nationales (in French). Vol. II. Paris: Berger-Levrault. pp. 127–139.
- Pitou, Spire (1985). The Paris Opéra. An Encyclopedia of Operas, Ballets, Composers, and Performers – Rococo and Romantic, 1715-1815. Westport/London: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-24394-8.
- Jacques-Gabriel Prod'homme (April 1916). "Rosalie Levasseur, Ambassadress of Opera". The Musical Quarterly. 2 (2): 210–243. doi:10.1093/mq/ii.2.210. JSTOR 737954.
- Rushton, Julian (1992). "Levasseur, Rosalie". In Stanley Sadie (ed.). The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. London. ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
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