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2007 Rugby World Cup

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Rugby World Cup
Coupe du Monde – France 2007
Tournament details
Host nation Rugby World Cup
Dates7 September – 20 October (44 days)
No. of nations20 (91 qualifying)
Final positions
Champions  South Africa (2nd title)
Runner-up  England
Third place  Argentina
Tournament statistics
Matches played48
Attendance2,263,223 (47,150 per match)
Top scorer(s)South Africa Percy Montgomery (105)
Most triesSouth Africa Bryan Habana (8)
← 2003
2011 →

The 2007 Rugby World Cup was the sixth Rugby World Cup, a quadrennial international rugby union competition inaugurated in 1987. Twenty nations competed for the Webb Ellis Cup in the tournament, which was hosted by France from 7 September to 20 October. France won the hosting rights in 2003, beating a bid from England. The competition consisted of 48 matches over 44 days; 42 matches were played in ten cities throughout France, as well as four in Cardiff, Wales, and two in Edinburgh, Scotland.

The eight quarter-finalists from 2003 were granted automatic qualification, while 12 other nations gained entry through the regional qualifying competitions that began in 2004 – of them, Portugal was the only World Cup debutant. The top three nations from each pool at the end of the pool stage qualified automatically for the 2011 World Cup.

The competition opened with a match between hosts France and Argentina on 7 September at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, outside Paris. The stadium was also the venue of the final, played between England and South Africa on 20 October, which South Africa won 15–6 to win their second World Cup title.

The opening ceremony of the 2007 Rugby World Cup

Bids

The Eiffel Tower in Paris decorated with a giant rugby ball for the 2007 Rugby World Cup.
See also: Rugby World Cup hosts

Both England and France bid to host the tournament.[1][2] The tender document for the 2007 bidding process was due out on 31 October 2001. Both England and France were invited to re-submit their plans.[3] The International Rugby Board (IRB) stated that both countries must comply with tender document terms in one bid, but in their second option, could propose alternative ideas. The IRB said "England's original proposal contained three plans for hosting the tournament with a traditional, new and hybrid format all on offer... The French bid, while complying with the tender document in all other respects, fell outside one of the 'windows' in which the IRB wanted to stage an event".[3] England's bids included a two-tier tournament and altering the structure of the qualifying tournament and France had a bid in September/October.[3]

It was announced in April 2003 that France had won the right to host the tournament.[4] The tournament was moved to the proposed September–October dates with the tournament structure remaining as it was.[4] It was also announced that ten French cities would be hosting games, with the final at the Stade de France.[4] French Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin said that "this decision illustrates the qualities of our country and its capacity to host major sporting events...This World Cup will be the opportunity to showcase the regions of France where the wonderful sport of rugby is deeply rooted".[4] French Sports Minister Jean-François Lamour said that "The organisation of this World Cup will shine over all of France because ten French towns have the privilege of organising matches and to be in the world's spotlight."[4] French cities to host games were Bordeaux, Lens, Lyon, Marseille, Montpellier, Nantes, St. Etienne, Toulouse and Paris, and it was also announced that the final would be at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis.[4]

Qualifying

Main article: 2007 Rugby World Cup qualifying
Nations participating in qualifying competition and those that have qualified automatically; Asia (purple), Africa (orange), Americas (green), Europe (blue) and Oceania (yellow). In total, over 90 nations took part.

The eight quarter-finalists from the 2003 World Cup all received automatic entry, with the other 12 nations coming from qualifying series around the world. Ten of the 20 positions available in the tournament were filled by regional qualifiers, with an additional two being filled by repechage qualification. The qualifying tournament was divided into five regional groups; Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania.[5] Qualifying matches began in 2004 and were completed in early 2007. Including the automatic qualifiers, over 90 nations were in qualifying contention for the final tournament.

In July 2005, both Samoa and Fiji were confirmed as the qualifiers from Oceania, as Oceania 1 and 2 respectively.[6] In July of the following year, Argentina qualified as Americas 1 by defeating Uruguay 26–0 in Buenos Aires.[7] Americas 2 was filled in August when Canada defeated the United States 56–7 in Newfoundland.[8] The United States went on to qualify as Americas 3 after beating Uruguay in a two-legged tie in early October.[9] That month also saw Italy qualify as Europe 1 after defeating Russia 67–7 in Moscow, reaching the first place in its qualifying group; Romania defeated Spain 43–20 in Madrid, and also qualified for the World Cup as Europe 2.[10]

Namibia qualified for their third consecutive World Cup after they earned their spot in France by defeating Morocco over two legs in November.[11] In late 2006, it was announced that the IRB had withdrawn Colombo as the venue of the final Asian qualifying tournament due to security problems.[12] Japan won the only Asian allocation after the tournament was moved to Hong Kong.[13] Georgia was 14 points the better of Portugal over two legs to claim the last European place.[13] Tonga qualified through repechage after defeating Korea.[14] The final spot went to Portugal, joining Pool C after beating Uruguay 24–23 on aggregate. Portugal's qualification was the only change in the 20-team roster from the 2003 World Cup, replacing Uruguay, becoming the only wholly amateur team to qualify.

Africa Americas Europe Oceania/Asia

Hosting

See also: Rugby union in France and France at the Rugby World Cup
The 2007 World Cup was hosted by France, with additional venues at Edinburgh and Cardiff.

France won the right to host the 2007 World Cup in 2003, Then it was announced that 6 games would be held abroad, at the request of their neighbouring countries. Four matches would be held in Wales, at Cardiff's 74,500-seat Millennium Stadium: two Pool B games involving Wales, the match between Fiji and Canada and a quarter-final. Ireland was to have hosted matches at Lansdowne Road, Dublin, but opted out because the stadium was being redeveloped.[15]

Two of Scotland's Pool C matches were played at Murrayfield Stadium in Scotland. The Scottish Rugby Union was reportedly having doubts in early 2006 about hosting these games and whether Scotland would generate enough market demand,[15][16] but confirmed in April 2006 that the games would be played at Murrayfield. In the end, the Scotland v. New Zealand match failed to sell out, and the stadium was less than half-full for the Scotland v. Romania match.

There was a substantial increase in the overall capacity of stadiums compared to the 2003 Rugby World Cup – the smallest venue at the 2007 tournament could seat 33,900 people. The French venues were the same as those used for the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Around 6,000 volunteers helped to organise the competition.[17]

Although the 2007 tournament was the first to be hosted primarily by France, a number of matches during the 1991 and 1999 tournaments were played in France. In 1991, matches in Pool D (which included France) were played in Béziers, Bayonne, Grenoble, Toulouse, Brive and Agen, while Parc des Princes and Stadium Lille-Metropole each hosted a quarter-final. Similarly, in 1999, fixtures in Pool C (which included France) were played in Béziers, Bordeaux and Toulouse,[18] Stade Félix-Bollaert was the venue for one of the quarter-final play-offs, and the Stade de France hosted a quarter-final.[18]

France Saint-Denis Wales Cardiff Scotland Edinburgh France Marseille
Stade de France Millennium Stadium Murrayfield Stade Vélodrome
Capacity: 80,000 Capacity: 74,500 Capacity: 67,144 Capacity: 59,500
France Paris France Lens France Lyon France Nantes
Parc des Princes Stade Félix-Bollaert Stade de Gerland Stade de la Beaujoire
Capacity: 47,870 Capacity: 41,400 Capacity: 41,100 Capacity: 38,100
France Toulouse France Saint-Étienne France Bordeaux France Montpellier
Stadium de Toulouse Stade Geoffroy-Guichard Stade Chaban-Delmas Stade de la Mosson
Capacity: 35,700 Capacity: 35,650 Capacity: 34,440 Capacity: 33,900

Tickets and sponsorship

The official Rugby World Cup shop in Paris

Ticket sales for the Rugby World Cup were broken up into three phases. The first phase was released in November 2005, when members of the European rugby community, such as officials, players and so on were given the opportunity for various packages. Upon the release of the second phase ticketing scheme, more than 100,000 tickets were sold in the first ten hours of release.[19] The remaining tickets – individual tickets and tickets to the semi-finals – were released in phase three in November 2006. In June 2007, it was announced that 2 million of the 2.4 million tickets had been sold in advance of the tournament.[20]

The Worldwide partners for the tournament were Société Générale, GMF, Électricité de France, Peugeot, Visa and SNCF,[21] and official sponsors include Heineken, Vediorbis, Capgemini, Orange, Toshiba and Emirates.[22] Gilbert provided the tournament balls, with the Gilbert Synergie match ball used throughout the tournament. This continued Gilbert's involvement with the World Cup, the company having provided the Barbarian (1995), Revolution (1999) and Xact (2003) balls in the past.[23] Along with Gilbert, the official suppliers were Adidas, Coca-Cola, Clifford Chance, Goodyear and McDonald's.[24] The host broadcaster for the event was TF1.[25]

Squads

Main article: 2007 Rugby World Cup squads

Each country was allowed a squad of 30 players for the tournament. These squads were to be submitted to the International Rugby Board by a deadline of 14 August 2007.[26] Once the squad was submitted a player could be replaced if injured, but would not be allowed to return to the squad.

Match officials

The 2007 Rugby World Cup officials were appointed in late-April 2007, with 12 referees and 13 touch judges being chosen to officiate during the pool stage. In the knockout stage the 12 referees also acted as touch judges, with referee appointments being based on performance from previous matches and selection for neutrality. Referees came from seven different nationalities and three of them made their Rugby World Cup debut. The touch judges came from 10 countries. Tony Spreadbury of England officiated the opening game between France and Argentina at the Stade de France[27] and Irishman Alain Rolland refereed the final.

Pool format

The competition was contested over 44 days between 20 different nations, over 48 fixtures. The tournament began on 7 September at the Stade de France with a match between the host nation, France, and Argentina. The tournament culminated at the same venue on 20 October for the final between England and South Africa.

Pool stage

Pool A Pool B Pool C Pool D

 England[29]
 Samoa
 South Africa[29]
 Tonga
 United States

 Australia[29]
 Canada
 Fiji
 Japan
 Wales[29]

 Italy
 New Zealand[29]
 Portugal
 Romania
 Scotland[29]

 Argentina
 France[29][30]
 Georgia
 Ireland[29]
 Namibia

Classification within each pool was based on the following scoring system:

  • four match points for a win;
  • two for a draw;
  • zero for a loss.[31]

Bonus points, contributing to a team's cumulative match-point score, were awarded in each of the following instances (one match point for each event):

  • a team scores four or more tries (regardless of the match result);
  • a team loses by seven points (a converted try) or fewer.[31]

At the end of the pool stage, teams were ranked from first to fifth based on cumulative match points, with the top two nations proceeding to the quarter-finals.

Tie-breaking criteria

If at the completion of the pool phase two or more Teams were level on Match points, then the following criteria would have been used in the following order until one of the Teams could be determined as the higher ranked:[31]

i. The winner of the Match in which the two tied Teams have played each other shall be the higher ranked;
ii. The Team which has the best difference between points scored for and points scored against in all its pool Matches shall be the higher ranked;
iii. The Team which has the best difference between tries scored for and tries scored against in all its pool Matches shall be the higher ranked;
iv. The Team which has scored most points in all its pool Matches shall be the higher ranked;
v. The Team which has scored most tries in all its pool Matches shall be the higher ranked;
vi. Should the tie be unresolved at the conclusion of steps (i) through (v), the Team that is higher ranked in the updated Official IRB World Rankings on 1 October 2007.

By elevating head-to-head results (rule i) above points difference (rule ii), a notable difference is created to other sports competitions, in which points difference usually determines rank for teams with the same number of match points (table points). These rules allowed the winners of Pools A, B and C to be determined by the results of the third pool matches on the weekend of 22 and 23 September.[32] Although other teams could theoretically draw level on table points with South Africa, Australia and New Zealand and exceed their points differences at the end of the pool stages, head-to-head results by that time ensured these teams could be declared winners of their respective pools, with a match to spare. This also illustrates the fact that the pool tables do not tell the whole story.

Knockout stage

From this stage onwards, the tournament adopted a knockout format comprising eight fixtures: four quarter-finals, two semi-finals, a bronze medal match, and the final. The winner and runner-up from each of the four pools advanced to the quarter-finals. Pool winners were drawn against opposite pool runners-up in the quarter-finals, e.g. the winner of Pool A faced the runner up of Pool B, and the winner of Pool B faced the runner-up of Pool A.

Each match in the knockout stage must conclude in a victory. If, after eighty minutes of normal play, a match results in a draw, further play is made to determine an outright winner. Initially, there will be two periods of extra time, 10 minutes each way; if there is no winner after this, then play proceeds to a single 10-minute period of 'sudden death' play. If the contest is unresolved after a total 110 minutes of open play, the winner will be determined by a placekicking competition.[31]

Effect on 2011 qualification

In a change from the format of the previous tournament, the top three teams in each pool would qualify for the 2011 World Cup in New Zealand;[33] previously, only the eight quarter-finalists gained an automatic place in the following tournament.

Pool stage

Qualified for the quarter-finals
Eliminated, automatic qualification for RWC 2011

All times French time (UTC+2)

Pool A

Main article: 2007 Rugby World Cup Pool A
Team Pld W D L TF PF PA +/- BP Pts
 South Africa 4 4 0 0 24 189 47 +142 3 19
 England 4 3 0 1 11 108 88 +20 2 14
 Tonga 4 2 0 2 9 89 96 −7 1 9
 Samoa 4 1 0 3 5 69 143 −74 1 5
 United States 4 0 0 4 7 61 142 −81 1 1
  SAM RSA TGA USA
England 44–22 0–36 36–20 28–10
Samoa – 7–59 15–19 25–21
South Africa – – 30–25 64–15
Tonga – – – 25–15

Pool B

Main article: 2007 Rugby World Cup Pool B
Team Pld W D L TF PF PA +/- BP Pts
 Australia 4 4 0 0 30 215 41 +174 4 20
 Fiji 4 3 0 1 14 114 136 −22 3 15
 Wales 4 2 0 2 23 168 105 +63 4 12
 Japan 4 0 1 3 7 64 210 −146 1 3
 Canada 4 0 1 3 6 51 120 −69 0 2
  CAN FJI JPN WAL
Australia 37–6 55–12 91–3 32–20
Canada – 16–29 12–12 17–42
Fiji – – 35–31 38–34
Japan – – – 18–72

Pool C

Main article: 2007 Rugby World Cup Pool C
Team Pld W D L TF PF PA +/- BP Pts
 New Zealand 4 4 0 0 46 309 35 +274 4 20
 Scotland 4 3 0 1 14 116 66 +50 2 14
 Italy 4 2 0 2 8 85 117 −32 1 9
 Romania 4 1 0 3 5 40 161 −121 1 5
 Portugal 4 0 0 4 4 38 209 −171 1 1
  NZL POR ROM SCO
Italy 14–76 31–5 24–18 16–18
New Zealand – 108–13 85–8 40–0
Portugal – – 10–14 10–56
Romania – – – 0–42

Pool D

Main article: 2007 Rugby World Cup Pool D
Team Pld W D L TF PF PA +/- BP Pts
 Argentina 4 4 0 0 16 143 33 +110 2 18
 France 4 3 0 1 24 188 37 +151 3 15
 Ireland 4 2 0 2 9 64 82 −18 1 9
 Georgia 4 1 0 3 5 50 111 −61 1 5
 Namibia 4 0 0 4 3 30 212 −182 0 0
  FRA GEO IRE NAM
Argentina 17–12 33–3 30–15 63–3
France – 64–7 25–3 87–10
Georgia – – 10–14 30–0
Ireland – – – 32–17

Knockout stage

Main article: 2007 Rugby World Cup knockout stage
 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
6 October – Marseille
 
 
 Australia10
 
13 October – Saint-Denis
 
 England12
 
 England14
 
6 October – Cardiff
 
 France9
 
 New Zealand18
 
20 October – Saint-Denis
 
 France20
 
 England6
 
7 October – Marseille
 
 South Africa15
 
 South Africa37
 
14 October – Saint-Denis
 
 Fiji20
 
 South Africa37
 
7 October – Saint-Denis
 
 Argentina13 Bronze final
 
 Argentina19
 
19 October – Paris
 
 Scotland13
 
 France10
 
 
 Argentina34
 

Quarter-finals

6 October 2007
15:00
Australia 10–12 England
Try: Tuqiri 33' c
Con: Mortlock (1/1)
Pen: Mortlock (1/4) 6'		ReportPen: Wilkinson (4/7) 22', 25', 51', 59'
Stade Vélodrome, Marseille
Attendance: 59,102
Referee: Alain Rolland (Ireland)
6 October 2007
21:00
New Zealand 18–20 France
Try: McAlister 17' c
So'oialo 63' m
Con: Carter (1/1)
Pen: Carter (2/2) 14', 31'		ReportTry: Dusautoir 54' c
Jauzion 69' c
Con: Beauxis (1/1)
Élissalde (1/1)
Pen: Beauxis (2/3) 40+', 46'
Millennium Stadium, Cardiff
Attendance: 71,669
Referee: Wayne Barnes (England)
7 October 2007
15:00
South Africa 37–20 Fiji
Try: Fourie 13' m
Smit 35' m
Pietersen 51' c
Smith 70' c
James 80' c
Con: Montgomery (3/5)
Pen: Steyn (1/1) 8'
Montgomery (1/2) 63'		ReportTry: Delasau 57' c
Bobo 59' c
Con: Bai (2/2)
Pen: Bai (2/2) 26', 44'
Stade Vélodrome, Marseille
Attendance: 55,943
Referee: Alan Lewis (Ireland)
7 October 2007
21:00
Argentina 19–13 Scotland
Try: Longo Elía 33' c
Con: F. Contepomi (1/1)
Pen: F. Contepomi (3/4) 23', 29', 43'
Drop: Hernández (1/4) 54'		ReportTry: Cusiter 63' c
Con: Paterson (1/1)
Pen: Parks (1/2) 16'
Paterson (1/1) 38'
Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Attendance: 76,866
Referee: Joël Jutge (France)

Semi-finals

13 October 2007
21:00
England 14–9 France
Try: Lewsey 2' m
Pen: Wilkinson (2/3) 47', 75'
Drop: Wilkinson (1/4) 78'		ReportPen: Beauxis (3/3) 8', 18', 44'
Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Attendance: 80,283
Referee: Jonathan Kaplan (South Africa)
14 October 2007
21:00
South Africa 37–13 Argentina
Try: du Preez 7' c
Habana (2) 32' c, 76' c
Rossouw 40' c
Con: Montgomery (4/4)
Pen: Montgomery (3/3) 17', 71', 75'		ReportTry: M. Contepomi 45' c
Con: F. Contepomi (1/1)
Pen: F. Contepomi (2/4) 15', 30'
Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Attendance: 77,055
Referee: Steve Walsh (Australia)

Bronze final

19 October 2007
21:00
France 10–34 Argentina
Try: Poitrenaud 69' c
Con: Beauxis (1/1)
Pen: Élissalde (1/1) 18'		ReportTry: F. Contepomi (2) 28' c, 77' c
Hasan 32' c
Aramburú 53' m
Corleto 65' m
Con: F. Contepomi (3/5)
Pen: F. Contepomi (1/1) 21'
Parc des Princes, Paris
Attendance: 45,958
Referee: Paul Honiss (New Zealand)

Final

Main article: 2007 Rugby World Cup Final
20 October 2007
21:00
England 6–15 South Africa
Pen: Wilkinson (2/2) 13', 44'ReportPen: Montgomery (4/4) 7', 16', 40', 51'
Steyn (1/2) 62'
Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Attendance: 80,430
Referee: Alain Rolland (Ireland)

Statistics

Main article: 2007 Rugby World Cup statistics

The tournament's top point scorer was South African Percy Montgomery, who scored 105 points. Bryan Habana scored the most tries, eight in total.

Points Name Team Pos Apps Tries Con Pen Drop
105 Percy Montgomery  South Africa FB 7 2 22 17 0
91 Felipe Contepomi  Argentina CE 7 3 11 18 0
67 Jonny Wilkinson  England FH 5 0 5 14 5
50 Nick Evans  New Zealand FH/FB 4 2 20 0 0
47 Jean-Baptiste Élissalde  France SH 7 1 12 6 0
46 Chris Paterson  Scotland WG/FH 5 1 10 7 0
44 Pierre Hola  Tonga FH 4 0 7 10 0
43 Lionel Beauxis  France FH 6 1 7 8 0
42 Nicky Little  Fiji FH 3 0 9 8 0
40 Dan Carter  New Zealand FH 3 1 10 5 0
40 Matt Giteau  Australia CE 4 3 8 3 0
40 Bryan Habana  South Africa WG 7 8 0 0 0

See also

References

  1. ^ "England to launch bid for 2007". Australian Rugby Union. 12 September 2001. Archived from the original on 9 September 2006. Retrieved 7 October 2006.
  2. ^ "World Cup bidding process underway". Australian Rugby Union. 28 September 2002. Archived from the original on 2 April 2008. Retrieved 7 October 2006.
  3. ^ a b c "IRB clarifies World Cup bid situation". Australian Rugby Union. 17 November 2002. Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2006.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "France wins right to host 2007 Rugby World Cup". Australian Rugby Union. 11 April 2003. Archived from the original on 3 September 2006. Retrieved 7 October 2006.
  5. ^ "RWC 2007 Qualifying process". rugbyworldcup.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2007.
  6. ^ "Samoa and Fiji through to RWC 2007". rugbyworldcup.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
  7. ^ "Argentina qualify for Rugby World Cup 2007". rugbyworldcup.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
  8. ^ "Canada qualifies for RWC 2007". rugbyworldcup.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
  9. ^ "USA Eagles qualify for 2007 World Cup". rugbyworldcup.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
  10. ^ "Italy and Romania qualify for RWC 2007". rugbyworldcup.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
  11. ^ "Namibia qualify for Rugby World Cup". rugbyworldcup.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
  12. ^ "IRB scraps Asian World Cup qualifiers in Sri Lanka". lankabusinessonline.com. 27 October 2006. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 27 October 2006.
  13. ^ a b "Japan and Georgia qualify". rugbyworldcup.com. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2007.
  14. ^ "Tonga through to RWC 2007 finals". rugbyworldcup.com. Retrieved 14 November 2007.[permanent dead link‍]
  15. ^ a b "Scotland looks to give up World cup matches at Murrayfield". worldcupweb.com. 2 December 2005. Retrieved 7 September 2007.[permanent dead link‍]
  16. ^ "Scots could disrupt World cup hosting plans". worldcupweb.com. 20 February 2006. Archived from the original on 1 January 2007. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
  17. ^ "Volunteers primed to play their part at RWC'07". scrum.com. 18 March 2006. Retrieved 15 November 2007.
  18. ^ a b "1999 Rugby World Cup venues". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on 22 March 2007. Retrieved 16 March 2007.
  19. ^ "Rush For Rugby World Cup Tickets". xtramsn.co.nz. Archived from the original on 12 April 2006. Retrieved 22 April 2006.
  20. ^ "Unprecedented demand for RWC 2007 tickets". rugbyworldcup.com. 9 November 2006. Retrieved 22 November 2006.[permanent dead link‍]
  21. ^ "RWC 2007 Worldwide Partners". rugbyworldcup.com. Archived from the original on 12 March 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
  22. ^ "RWC 2007 Sponsors". rugbyworldcup.com. Archived from the original on 12 March 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
  23. ^ "Rugby World Cup 2007". gilbertrugby.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 7 October 2006.
  24. ^ "RWC 2007 Suppliers". rugbyworldcup.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2007.
  25. ^ "TF1 Website". Archived from the original on 4 June 2009. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
  26. ^ "Tonga reveal squad for World Cup". BBC Sport. British Broadcasting Corporation. 10 August 2007. Retrieved 2 September 2007.
  27. ^ "Referees Announced For World Cup". Yahoo! Sport UK. 26 April 2007. Retrieved 2 May 2007.[permanent dead link‍]
  28. ^ "Spreadbury to start Rugby World Cup". planet-rugby.com. 26 April 2006. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 2 May 2007.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h Automatic qualifier (quarter-finalists in 2003).
  30. ^ As well as being an automatic qualifier due to making the quarter-finals in 2003, France are the hosts.
  31. ^ a b c d "Tournament Rules". rugbyworldcup.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
  32. ^ rugbyworldcup.com/Fixtures/Knockout Stages. Archived 9 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 24 September 2007.
  33. ^ "New qualifying structure – 2011". sport.iafrica.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2007.
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