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Visa requirements for Bhutanese citizens

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Visa requirements for Bhutanese citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Bhutan. As of 2 July 2019, Bhutanese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 52 countries and territories, ranking the Bhutanese passport 92nd in terms of travel freedom (tied with passports from Chad and Comoros) according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Bhutanese citizens
  Bhutan
  Freedom of movement
  Visa free access
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required

Visa requirements

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[2]
 Albania Visa required[3]
 Algeria Visa required[4]
 Andorra Visa required[5]
 Angola Visa required[6]
 Antigua and Barbuda eVisa[7]
 Argentina Visa required[8]
 Armenia eVisa / Visa on arrival[9] 120 days
 Australia and territories Online visa required[10]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).[11]
 Austria Visa required[12]
 Azerbaijan Visa required[13]
 Bahamas eVisa[14][15] 3 months
 Bahrain Visa required[16]
 Bangladesh Visa not required[17]
 Barbados Visa required[18]
 Belarus Visa required[19]
 Belgium Visa required[20]
 Belize Visa required[21]
 Benin eVisa[22][23] 30 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bolivia Visa required[24]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa required[25]
 Botswana Visa required[26]
 Brazil Visa required[27]
 Brunei Visa required[28]
 Bulgaria Visa required[29]
 Burkina Faso Visa required[30]
 Burundi Visa on arrival[31] 1 month
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[32]
 Cameroon Visa required[33]
 Canada Visa required[34]
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[35]
 Central African Republic Visa required[36]
 Chad Visa required[37]
 Chile Visa required[38]
 China Visa required[39]
 Colombia Visa not required[41] 180 days
  • 90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period
 Comoros Visa on arrival[42]
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[43]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[44][45] 7 days
 Costa Rica Visa required[46]
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[47] 3 months
 Croatia Visa required[48]
 Cuba Tourist card required[49] 90 days
  • Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.
 Cyprus Visa required[50]
 Czech Republic Visa required[51]
 Denmark Visa required[52]
 Djibouti eVisa[53] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[54] 21 days
 Dominican Republic Visa required[55]
 Ecuador Visa not required[56] 90 days
 Egypt Visa on arrival[57] 1 month
 El Salvador Visa required[58]
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[59]
 Eritrea Visa required[60]
 Estonia Visa required[61]
 Eswatini Visa required[62]
 Ethiopia eVisa[63] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa required[64]
 Finland Visa required[65]
 France Visa required[66]
 Gabon eVisa[67]
 Gambia Visa not required[68] 90 days
 Georgia eVisa[69]
 Germany Visa required[70]
 Ghana Visa required[71]
 Greece Visa required[72]
 Grenada Visa required[73]
 Guatemala Visa required[74]
 Guinea eVisa[75]
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[76] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[77]
 Haiti Visa not required[78] 90 days
 Honduras Visa required[79]
 Hungary Visa required[80]
 Iceland Visa required[81]
 India Freedom of movement[82]
 Indonesia Visa required[83]
 Iran eVisa[84] 30 days
 Iraq Visa required[85]
 Ireland Visa required[86]
 Israel Visa required[87]
 Italy Visa required[88]
 Jamaica Visa required[89]
 Japan Visa required[90]
 Jordan Visa on arrival[91] 1 months
 Kazakhstan Visa required[92]
 Kenya eVisa[93][94] 3 months
 Kiribati Visa required[95]
 North Korea Visa required[96]
 South Korea Visa required[97]
 Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[98] 3 months
 Kyrgyzstan eVisa[99]
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[100] 30 days
 Latvia Visa required[104]
 Lebanon Visa on arrival[105] 1 month
  • 1 month extendable for 2 additional months
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 Lesotho eVisa[106][107]
 Liberia Visa required[108]
 Libya Visa required[109]
 Liechtenstein Visa required[110]
 Lithuania Visa required[111]
 Luxembourg Visa required[112]
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[113] 90 days
 Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[114][115]
 Malaysia eVisa[116][117]
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[118] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[119]
 Malta Visa required[120]
 Marshall Islands Visa required[121]
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[122]
 Mauritius Visa on arrival[123] 60 days
 Mexico Visa required[124]
 Micronesia Visa not required[125] 30 days
 Moldova Online Visa[126][127]
 Monaco Visa required[128]
 Mongolia Visa required[129]
 Montenegro Visa required[130]
 Morocco Visa required[131]
 Mozambique eVisa / Visa on arrival[132][133] 30 days
 Myanmar eVisa[134] 28 days
 Namibia Visa required[135]
 Nauru Visa required[136]
   Nepal Visa on arrival[137] 90 days
 Netherlands Visa required[138]
 New Zealand and territories Visa required[139]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[140]
 Nicaragua Visa on arrival[141]
 Niger Visa required[142]
 Nigeria eVisa[143][144] 90 days
 North Macedonia Visa required[145]
 Norway Visa required[146]
 Oman Visa required[147]
 Pakistan Online Visa[148]
 Palau Free visa on arrival[149] 30 days
 Panama Visa not required[150] 90 days
 Papua New Guinea Visa required[151]
 Paraguay Visa required[152]
 Peru Visa required[153]
 Philippines Visa not required[154] 30 days
 Poland Visa required[155]
 Portugal Visa required[156]
 Qatar Visa required[157]
 Romania Visa required[158]
 Russia Visa required[159]
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[160] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa required[161]
 Saint Lucia Visa on arrival[162] 6 weeks
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[163] 1 month
 Samoa Visa not required[164] 60 days
 San Marino Visa required[165]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[166]
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[167]
 Senegal Visa required[168]
 Serbia Visa required[169]
 Seychelles Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[170] 3 months
 Sierra Leone Visa required[171]
 Singapore Visa not required[172] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa required[173]
 Slovenia Visa required[171]
 Solomon Islands Visa required[174]
 Somalia Visa on arrival[175] 30 days
 South Africa Visa required[176]
 South Sudan eVisa[177]
  • Obtainable online[178]
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel[178]
 Spain Visa required[179]
 Sri Lanka ETA / Visa on arrival[180]
 Sudan Visa required[181]
 Suriname Visa not required[182] 90 days
  • An entrance fee of 25 USD or 25 Euros must be paid online prior to arrival.[183]
 Sweden Visa required[184]
  Switzerland Visa required[185]
 Syria Visa required[186]
 Tajikistan Visa required[187]
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[188][189] 3 months
 Thailand Visa on arrival[190] 15 days
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[191] 30 days
 Togo Visa on arrival[192] 7 days
 Tonga Visa required[193]
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa required[194]
 Tunisia Visa required[195]
 Turkey Visa required[196]
 Turkmenistan Visa required[197]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[198] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa[199] 3 months
 Ukraine Visa required[201]
 United Arab Emirates Visa required[202]
  • May apply using 'Smart service'.[203]
 United Kingdom Visa required[204]
 United States Visa required[205]
 Uruguay Visa required[206]
 Uzbekistan eVisa[207] 30 days
  • 5-day visa-free transit at the international airports if holding a confirmed onward ticket for a flight to a third country.[208]
 Vanuatu Visa required[209]
 Vatican City Visa required[210]
 Venezuela Visa required[211]
 Vietnam Visa required[212]
 Yemen Visa required[214]
 Zambia eVisa / Visa on arrival[215] 90 days
 Zimbabwe eVisa / Visa on arrival[216] 3 months
  • 30 days for visits on business, 3 months for tourists

Non-visa restrictions

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[217] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[218] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[219]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[220][221]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[222][223] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[224]

Some countries, such as Japan,[225] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[226] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[227] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[228] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[229] Philippines,[230] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[231]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[232] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[233] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[234]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[235] Lebanon,[236] Libya,[237] and Yemen[238] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[239]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[240][241] Argentina,[242] Brunei, Cambodia,[243] China,[244] Ethiopia,[245] Ghana, Guinea,[246] India, Japan,[247][248] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[249] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[250] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[251] Singapore, South Korea,[252] Taiwan, Thailand,[253] Uganda,[254] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[255][256][257] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[258]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[259] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[260][261]

See also

References and Notes

References
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  3. ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
  4. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  6. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  8. ^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
  9. ^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
  10. ^ Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
  11. ^ "Visitor e600 Visa Online Applications". Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
  12. ^ Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
  13. ^ Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
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  16. ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
  17. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  19. ^ Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
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  21. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-12. Retrieved 2014-07-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  68. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  69. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  70. ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
  71. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  73. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  80. ^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
  81. ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
  82. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  83. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  84. ^ "Iran eVisa".
  85. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  86. ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
  87. ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
  88. ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
  89. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  90. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  91. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  92. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  93. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  94. ^ "Kenya eVisa".
  95. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  96. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  98. ^ Kuwait eVisa
  99. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  100. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  101. ^ a b "Checkpoints – ກົມຕຳຫຼວດກວດຄົນເຂົ້າ-ອອກເມືອງ". immigration.gov.la. Department of Immigration of Lao PDR. Retrieved 2023-04-29.
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  104. ^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
  105. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  109. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  110. ^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
  111. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
  112. ^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
  113. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  114. ^ "Malawi e-Visa System | Malawi Visa Online | The Official e-Visa Application Portal of Malawi | Department of Immigration and Citizenship Services". Evisa.gov.mw. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
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  119. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  120. ^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
  121. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  122. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  123. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  124. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  125. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  126. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  127. ^ "Moldova eVisa".
  128. ^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
  129. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  132. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  133. ^ "Mozambique eVisa".
  134. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  135. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  136. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  137. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  138. ^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
  139. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  140. ^ "Information about: Australian Resident Visa". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved May 21, 2020. Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
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  142. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  143. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  144. ^ "NIGERIA IMMIGRATION SERVICE".
  145. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  146. ^ Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
  147. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  148. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  149. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  152. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  153. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  154. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  155. ^ Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
  156. ^ Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
  157. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  158. ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
  159. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  208. ^ "ПОСТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН О ДАЛЬНЕЙШИХ МЕРАХ ПО ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ ПОРЯДКА ВЪЕЗДА ИНОСТРАННЫХ ГРАЖДАН В РЕСПУБЛИКУ УЗБЕКИСТАН". lex.uz. 4 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
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  217. ^ Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2024. The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
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  239. ^ Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
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  255. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  256. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  257. ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
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  260. ^ "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  261. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
  1. ^
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Lantui - Baka (China)
    • Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Phoudou (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
    • Lalai (Vietnam)
    • Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
    • Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
    • Savannakhet Airport
  2. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Bokeo
  3. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammouane
    • Bokeo
  4. ^
    • Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Khamsavath - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
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