Gangyi
{{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = | honorific-suffix = |name= Gangyi |image=
| office = Grand Councillor | term_start = 1894 | term_end = 1900 | predecessor = | successor =
| office2 = Assistant Grand Secretary | term_start2 = 1898 | term_end2 = 1900 | predecessor2 = | successor2 =
| office3 = Minister of Personnel | term_start3 = 17 April | term_end3 = 27 October 1900 | alongside3 = Xu Fu | predecessor3 = Xijing | successor3 = Jingxin
| office4 = Minister of War | term_start4 = 10 June 1898 | term_end4 = 17 April 1900 | alongside4 = Xu Fu (until 1899), Xu Yongyi (since 1899) | predecessor4 = Ronglu | successor4 = Jingxin
| office5 = Minister of Justice | term_start5 = 4 August 1897 | term_end5 = 10 June 1898 | alongside5 = Liao Shouheng | predecessor5 = Songgui | successor5 = Chongli
| office6 = Minister of Works | term_start6 = 6 June 1896 | term_end6 = 4 August 1897 | alongside6 = Xu Yingkui | predecessor6 = Huaitabu | successor6 = Songgui
| occupation = politician | father = | relations = | children =
| birth_date = 1834 | birth_place = | death_date = 1900 (aged 65–66) | death_place = Houma, Shanxi
| blank1 = Clan name | data1 = Tatara | blank2 = Courtesy name | data2 = Ziliang (子良)
| allegiance = Qing dynasty | branch = [[Bordered Blue Banner|Manchu Bordered Blue Banner] | serviceyears = | rank = | commands = | battles = Boxer Rebellion | laterwork = }} Gangyi (Chinese: 剛毅, 1834–1900[1]), from the Tatara clan with the courtesy name Ziliang (子良), was a Manchu politician of the late Qing dynasty. He was a member of the Manchu Bordered Blue Banner.[2][3]
In 1894, Gangyi resolutely advocated war against Japan, which was appreciated by Empress Dowager Cixi. He opposed the Hundred Days' Reform movement initiated by the Guangxu Emperor and his allies. On 22 September 1898 Cixi launched a coup d'état and put Guangxu under house arrest in the Summer Palace. Gangyi sided with Cixi, he advocated to depose the emperor.
Gangyi was one of the main supporters of the Boxers. After the Boxer Rebellion of broke out, he placed in command of Boxer groups to fight against the Eight-Nation Alliance together with Zaixun, Prince Zhuang.[4]
When Beijing fell to the Eight-Nation Alliance in 1900, he fled from Beijing and later died at Houma, Shanxi. The victorious Eight-Nation Alliance named Gangyi as one of the masterminds behind the rebellion. Gangyi was dismissed from all official positions by Qing court posthumously.[4]
References
- ^ "剛毅/Gangyi". China Biographical Database Project (CBDB).
- ^ "Jinzheng jiyao 晉政輯要". chinaknowledge.de.
- ^ "剛毅".
- ^ a b Works related to 清史稿/卷465 at Wikisource (Draft History of Qing Volume 465)