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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Allan Nonymous (talk | contribs) at 20:12, 6 August 2024 (Removed a lot of WP:CRUFT add some more elementary number facts! No need for all these irrelevant tangential discussions.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

← 5 6 7 →
−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Cardinalsix
Ordinal6th
(sixth)
Numeral systemsenary
Factorization2 × 3
Divisors1, 2, 3, 6
Greek numeralϚ´
Roman numeralVI, vi, ↅ
Greek prefixhexa-/hex-
Latin prefixsexa-/sex-
Binary1102
Ternary203
Senary106
Octal68
Duodecimal612
Hexadecimal616
Greekστ (or ΣΤ or ς)
Arabic, Kurdish, Sindhi, Urdu٦
Persian۶
Amharic
Bengali
Chinese numeral六,陸
Devanāgarī
Gujarati
Hebrewו
Khmer
Thai
Telugu
Tamil
Saraiki٦
Malayalam
ArmenianԶ
Babylonian numeral𒐚
Egyptian hieroglyph𓏿
Morse code_ ....

6 (six) is the natural number following 5 and preceding 7. It is a composite number and the smallest perfect number.[1]

In mathematics

List of basic calculations

Multiplication 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 25 50 100 1000
6 × x 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120 150 300 600 6000
Division 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
6 ÷ x 6 3 2 1.5 1.2 1 0.857142 0.75 0.6 0.6 0.54 0.5 0.461538 0.428571 0.4
x ÷ 6 0.16 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.83 1 1.16 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.83 2 2.16 2.3 2.5
Exponentiation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
6x 6 36 216 1296 7776 46656 279936 1679616 10077696 60466176 362797056 2176782336 13060694016
x6 1 64 729 4096 15625 46656 117649 262144 531441 1000000 1771561 2985984 4826809

Greek and Latin word parts

Hexa

Hexa is classical Greek for "six".[1] Thus:

  • "Hexadecimal" combines hexa- with the Latinate decimal to name a number base of 16[5]
  • A hexagon is a regular polygon with six sides[6]
  • A hexahedron is a polyhedron with six faces, with a cube being a special case[7]
  • Hexameter is a poetic form consisting of six feet per line
  • A "hex nut" is a nut with six sides, and a hex bolt has a six-sided head
  • The prefix "hexa-" also occurs in the systematic name of many chemical compounds, such as hexane which has 6 carbon atoms (C6H14).

The prefix sex-

Sex- is a Latin prefix meaning "six".[1] Thus:

  • Senary is the ordinal adjective meaning "sixth"[8]
  • People with sexdactyly have six fingers on each hand
  • The measuring instrument called a sextant got its name because its shape forms one-sixth of a whole circle
  • A group of six musicians is called a sextet
  • Six babies delivered in one birth are sextuplets
  • Sexy prime pairs – Prime pairs differing by six are sexy, because sex is the Latin word for six.[9][10]

The SI prefix for 10006 is exa- (E), and for its reciprocal atto- (a).

Evolution of the Hindu-Arabic digit

The first appearance of 6 is in the Edicts of Ashoka c. 250 BCE. These are Brahmi numerals, ancestors of Hindu-Arabic numerals.
The first known digit "6" in the number "256" in Ashoka's Minor Rock Edict No.1 in Sasaram, c. 250 BCE

The evolution of our modern digit 6 appears rather simple when compared with the other digits. The modern 6 can be traced back to the Brahmi numerals of India, which are first known from the Edicts of Ashoka c. 250 BCE.[11][12][13][14] It was written in one stroke like a cursive lowercase e rotated 90 degrees clockwise. Gradually, the upper part of the stroke (above the central squiggle) became more curved, while the lower part of the stroke (below the central squiggle) became straighter. The Arabs dropped the part of the stroke below the squiggle. From there, the European evolution to our modern 6 was very straightforward, aside from a flirtation with a glyph that looked more like an uppercase G.[15]

On the seven-segment displays of calculators and watches, 6 is usually written with six segments. Some historical calculator models use just five segments for the 6, by omitting the top horizontal bar. This glyph variant has not caught on; for calculators that can display results in hexadecimal, a 6 that looks like a "b" is not practical.

Just as in most modern typefaces, in typefaces with text figures the character for the digit 6 usually has an ascender, as, for example, in .[16]

This digit resembles an inverted 9. To disambiguate the two on objects and documents that can be inverted, the 6 has often been underlined, both in handwriting and on printed labels.

In music

A standard guitar has six strings.

In artists

In instruments

  • A standard guitar has six strings[23]
  • Most woodwind instruments have six basic holes or keys (e.g., bassoon, clarinet, pennywhistle, saxophone); these holes or keys are usually not given numbers or letters in the fingering charts

In music theory

  • There are six whole tones in an octave.[24]
  • There are six semitones in a tritone.[25]

In works

In religion

Judaism

Islam

Indeed, We created the heavens and the earth and everything in between in six Days,1 and We were not ˹even˺ touched with fatigue.2

— Surah Qaf:38

Note 1: The word day is not always used in the Quran to mean a 24-hour period. According to Surah Al-Hajj (The Pilgrimage):47, a heavenly Day is 1000 years of our time. The Day of Judgment will be 50,000 years of our time - Surah Al-Maarij (The Ascending Stairways):4. Hence, the six Days of creation refer to six eons of time, known only by Allah.

Note 2: Some Islamic scholars believe this verse comes in response to Exodus 31:17, which says, "The Lord made the heavens and the earth in six days, but on the seventh day He rested and was refreshed."

Others

In science

Astronomy

Biology

The cells of a beehive are six-sided.

Chemistry

A molecule of benzene has a ring of six carbon and six hydrogen atoms.
A molecule of benzene has a ring of six carbon and six hydrogen atoms.

Medicine

  • There are six tastes in traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda): sweet, sour, salty, bitter, pungent, and astringent. These tastes are used to suggest a diet based on the symptoms of the body.[49]
  • Phase 6 is one of six pandemic influenza phases.[50]

Physics

In the Standard Model of particle physics, there are six types of quarks and six types of leptons.

In sports

  • The Original Six teams in the National Hockey League are Toronto, Chicago, Montreal, New York, Boston, and Detroit.[54] They are the oldest remaining teams in the league, though not necessarily the first six; they comprised the entire league from 1942 to 1967.
  • Number of players:
    • In association football (soccer), the number of substitutes combined by both teams, that are allowed in the game.
    • In box lacrosse, the number of players per team, including the goaltender, that are on the floor at any one time, excluding penalty situations.[55]
    • In ice hockey, the number of players per team, including the goaltender, that are on the ice at any one time during regulation play, excluding penalty situations. (Some leagues reduce the number of players on the ice during overtime.)[56]
    • In volleyball:
      • Six players from each team on each side play against each other.[57]
      • Standard rules only allow six total substitutions per team per set. (Substitutions involving the libero, a defensive specialist who can only play in the back row, are not counted against this limit.)
    • Six-man football is a variant of American or Canadian football, played by smaller schools with insufficient enrollment to field the traditional 11-man (American) or 12-man (Canadian) squad.[58]
  • Scoring:
    • In both American and Canadian football, 6 points are awarded for a touchdown.[59]
    • In Australian rules football, six points are awarded for a goal, scored when a kicked ball passes between the defending team's two inner goalposts without having been touched by another player.
    • In cricket, six runs are scored for the batting team when the ball is hit to the boundary or the ground beyond it without having touched the ground in the field.
  • In basketball, the ball used for women's full-court competitions is designated "size 6".[60]
  • In pool and snooker one its table contains six pockets.
  • In most rugby league competitions (but not the Super League, which uses static squad numbering), the jersey number 6 is worn by the starting five-eighth (Southern Hemisphere term) or stand-off (Northern Hemisphere term).
  • In rugby union, the starting blindside flanker wears jersey number 6. (Some teams use "left" and "right" flankers instead of "openside" and "blindside", with 6 being worn by the starting left flanker.)[61]

In technology

6 as a resin identification code, used in recycling.
6 as a resin identification code, used in recycling.

In calendars

In the arts and entertainment

Games

  • The number of sides on a cube, hence the highest number on a standard die[65]
  • The six-sided tiles on a hex grid are used in many tabletop and board games.
  • The highest number on one end of a standard domino

Literature

TV

Movies

Musicals

  • Six is a modern retelling of the lives of the six wives of Henry VIII presented as a pop concert.[75]

Anthropology

In other fields

International maritime signal flag for 6
  • Six-pack is a common form of packaging for six bottles or cans of drink (especially beer), and by extension, other assemblages of six items.[83] Also, six is half a dozen.
  • The maximum number of dots in a braille cell.[84]
  • Extrasensory perception is sometimes called the "sixth sense".[85]
  • Six Flags is an American company running amusement parks and theme parks in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.[86]
  • In the U.S. Army "Six" as part of a radio call sign is used by the commanding officer of a unit, while subordinate platoon leaders usually go by "One".[87] (For a similar example see also: Rainbow Six.)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Weisstein, Eric W. "6". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
  2. ^ Higgins, Peter (2008). Number Story: From Counting to Cryptography. New York: Copernicus. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-84800-000-1.
  3. ^ Sloane, N. J. A. (ed.). "Sequence A002827 (Unitary perfect numbers)". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-06-01.
  4. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Triangular Number". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
  5. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Hexadecimal". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
  6. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Hexagon". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
  7. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Hexahedron". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
  8. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Base". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
  9. ^ Chris K. Caldwell; G. L. Honaker Jr. (2009). Prime Curios!: The Dictionary of Prime Number Trivia. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-4486-5170-2.
  10. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Sexy Primes". mathworld.wolfram.com. Retrieved 2020-08-03.
  11. ^ Hollingdale, Stuart (2014). Makers of Mathematics. Courier Corporation. pp. 95–96. ISBN 978-0-486-17450-1.
  12. ^ Publishing, Britannica Educational (2009). The Britannica Guide to Theories and Ideas That Changed the Modern World. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-61530-063-1.
  13. ^ Katz, Victor J.; Parshall, Karen Hunger (2014). Taming the Unknown: A History of Algebra from Antiquity to the Early Twentieth Century. Princeton University Press. p. 105. ISBN 978-1-4008-5052-5.
  14. ^ Pillis, John de (2002). 777 Mathematical Conversation Starters. MAA. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-88385-540-9.
  15. ^ Georges Ifrah, The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer transl. David Bellos et al. London: The Harvill Press (1998): 395, Fig. 24.66
  16. ^ Negru, John (1988). Computer Typesetting. Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-442-26696-7. slight ascenders that rise above the cap height ( in 4 and 6 )
  17. ^ Auric, Georges; Durey, Louis; Honegger, Arthur; Milhaud, Darius; Poulenc, Francis; Tailleferre, Germaine (2014-08-20). Caramel Mou and Other Great Piano Works of "Les Six": Pieces by Auric, Durey, Honegger, Milhaud, Poulenc and Tailleferre (in French). Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-49340-4.
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  26. ^ Tribble, Mimi (2004). 300 Ways to Make the Best Christmas Ever!: Decorations, Carols, Crafts & Recipes for Every Kind of Christmas Tradition. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 145. ISBN 978-1-4027-1685-0. Six geese a-laying
  27. ^ Staines, Joe (2010-05-17). The Rough Guide to Classical Music. Penguin. p. 393. ISBN 978-1-4053-8321-9. ...the six arias with variations collected under the title Hexachordum Apollinis (1699)...
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  31. ^ Lauterbach, Jacob Zallel (1916). Midrash and Mishnah: A Study in the Early History of the Halakah. Bloch. p. 9. Six orders of Mishnah
  32. ^ Rosen, Ceil; Rosen, Moishe (2006-05-01). Christ in the Passover. Moody Publishers. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-57567-480-3. Six symbolic foods
  33. ^ Repcheck, Jack (2008-12-15). The Man Who Found Time: James Hutton And The Discovery Of Earth's Antiquity. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-7867-4399-5. it actually took only six days to create the earth
  34. ^ "CHURCH FATHERS: City of God, Book XI (St. Augustine)". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2020-08-04. These works are recorded to have been completed in six days (the same day being six times repeated), because six is a perfect number
  35. ^ Grossman, Grace Cohen; Ahlborn, Richard E.; Institution, Smithsonian (1997). Judaica at the Smithsonian: Cultural Politics as Cultural Model. Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 228. Shavuot falls on the sixth day of the Hebrew month of Sivan
  36. ^ Robertson, William Archibald Scott (1880). The crypt of Canterbury cathedral; its architecture, its history, and its frescoes. Mitchell & Hughes. p. 91. ...but seraphs, with six wings
  37. ^ Shapera, Paul M. (2009-08-15). Iran's Religious Leaders. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-4358-5283-9. Islam has six articles of faith
  38. ^ Algül, Hüseyin (2005). The Blessed Days and Nights of the Islamic Year. Tughra Books. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-932099-93-5. ...it was blessed to fast for six days in the month of Shawwal...
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  40. ^ Bary, William Theodore De; DeBary, William T.; Chan, Wing-tsit; Lufrano, Richard; Ching, Julia; Johnson, David; Liu, Kwang-Ching; Mungello, David (1999). Sources of Chinese Tradition. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11270-3. ...and the Six Ministries were made...
  41. ^ Rhoads, Samuel E. (1996). The Sky Tonight: A Guided Tour of the Stars Over Hawaiʻi. Bishop Museum Press. ISBN 978-0-930897-93-2. Three Messier objects are visible in this part of the sky : M6, M7 and M8 .
  42. ^ Sedgwick, Marcus (2011-07-05). White Crow. Roaring Brook Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-1-4299-7634-3. The cells of honeycombs are six-sided because a hexagon is the most material-efficient tessellation
  43. ^ Parker, Steve (2005). Ant Lions, Wasps & Other Insects. Capstone. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-7565-1250-7. Insects have six legs each...
  44. ^ Pendarvis, Murray P.; Crawley, John L. (2019-02-01). Exploring Biology in the Laboratory: Core Concepts. Morton Publishing Company. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-61731-899-3. ...presently at least six kingdoms are recognized;
  45. ^ Mader, Sylvia S. (2004). Biology. McGraw-Hill. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-07-291934-9. The acronym CHNOPS helps us remember these six elements
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  47. ^ Starr, Cecie; Evers, Christine (2012-05-10). Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology. Cengage Learning. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-133-36536-5. For example, the atomic number of carbon is 6,
  48. ^ Webb, Stephen; Webb, Professor of Australian Studies Stephen (2004-05-25). Out of this World: Colliding Universes, Branes, Strings, and Other Wild Ideas of Modern Physics. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-387-02930-6. snowflake, with its familiar sixfold rotational symmetry
  49. ^ Woo, Teri Moser; Robinson, Marylou V. (2015-08-03). Pharmacotherapeutics For Advanced Practice Nurse Prescribers. F.A. Davis. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-8036-4581-3. Ayurvedic herbology is based on the tridoshic theory that there exist six basic tastes
  50. ^ Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Guidance for Healthcare Workers and Healthcare Employers. OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor. 2007. p. 8. The WHO Plan describes six phases of increasing public health risk associated with the emergence of a new influenza
  51. ^ Sanghera, Paul (2011-03-08). Quantum Physics for Scientists and Technologists: Fundamental Principles and Applications for Biologists, Chemists, Computer Scientists, and Nanotechnologists. John Wiley & Sons. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-470-92269-9. ...there are six types of quarks and six types of leptons.
  52. ^ Jimbo, M.; Jimbo, Michio; Miwa, Tetsuji; Tsuchiya, Akihiro (1989). Integrable Systems in Quantum Field Theory and Statistical Mechanics. Academic Press. p. 588. ISBN 978-0-12-385342-4. Allowed configurations in the six-vertex model and their statistical weights
  53. ^ Sloan, Robin James Stuart (2015-05-07). Virtual Character Design for Games and Interactive Media. CRC Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-4665-9820-1. placing six primaries around the wheel in the following order: red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, magenta.
  54. ^ Bamford, Tab (2016-10-15). 100 Things Blackhawks Fans Should Know & Do Before They Die. Triumph Books. ISBN 978-1-63319-638-4. the Original Six
  55. ^ Stillwell, Jim L. (1987). Making and Using Creative Play Equipment. Human Kinetics Publishers. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-87322-084-2. Indoor Lacrosse . This is played with six players per team
  56. ^ Williams, Heather (2019). Hockey: A Guide for Players and Fans. Capstone. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-5435-7458-6. There are six players per team on the ice at one time.
  57. ^ Sports, The National Alliance For Youth (2009-05-11). Coaching Volleyball For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-470-53398-7. In a regulation volleyball match with six players on each side of the court,
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  84. ^ "What Is Braille? | American Foundation for the Blind". www.afb.org. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
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  87. ^
    • The number 6 is the opposite of number 4 in the amount of time remaining.
    Mason, Robert (1983). Chickenhawk. London: Corgi Books. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-552-12419-5.
  • The Odd Number 6, JA Todd, Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 41 (1945) 66–68
  • A Property of the Number Six, Chapter 6, P Cameron, JH v. Lint, Designs, Graphs, Codes and their Links ISBN 0-521-42385-6
  • Wells, D. The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers London: Penguin Group. (1987): 67 - 69