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Piggy bank

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This article is about the item traditionally used to store money. For the song, see Piggy Bank (song).
"Money box" redirects here. For the BBC programme, see Money Box (radio).
A piggy bank, circa 1970.
Earthen pots used in Nepal as piggy banks.

Piggy bank (sometimes penny bank or money box) is the traditional name of a coin container normally used by children. The piggy bank is known to collectors as a "still bank" as opposed to the "mechanical banks" popular in the early 20th century. These items are also often used by companies for promotional purposes, and many financial service companies use piggy banks as logos for their savings products.

Piggy banks are usually made of ceramic or porcelain.[1] They are generally painted and serve as a pedagogical device to teach the rudiments of thrift and saving to children; money can be easily inserted. Many piggy banks have a rubber plug located on the underside; others are made of vinyl and have a removable nose for easy coin access. Some incorporate electronic systems that calculate the amount of money deposited.[2] Some piggy banks do not have an opening besides the slot for inserting coins, which will lead to smashing the piggy bank with a hammer or by other means, to obtain the money within.[3]

Origins

An ancient Greek money box from Priene, 2nd century BC.

The oldest Western find of a money box dates from the 2nd century BC Greek colony Priene, Asia Minor, and features the shape of a miniature Greek temple with a slit in the pediment. Money boxes of various forms were also excavated in Pompeii and Herculaneum, and appear quite frequently on late ancient provincial sites, particularly in Roman Britain and along the Rhine.[4]

Pig-shaped money box

Majapahit terracotta piggy bank, 14th/15th century Trowulan, East Java. (Collection of National Museum of Indonesia, Jakarta)

The earliest known pig-shaped money containers date to the 12th century on the island of Java. The Javanese term cèlèngan (ꦕꦺꦭꦺꦁꦔꦤ꧀; literally "likeness of a wild boar",[n 1] but used to mean both "savings" and "piggy bank") is also in the modern Indonesian language.

A large number of boar-shaped piggy banks were discovered at the large archaeological site surrounding Trowulan, a village in the Indonesian province of East Java and a possible site of the capital of the Majapahit Empire.[5]

There are some proposed or folk etymologies regarding the English language term "piggy bank," but in fact, there is no clear origin for the phrase. In England in the middle ages, red clay was called pygg. Terracotta pots made from this were pygg pots. Money boxes were sometimes made of this material. It has been proposed that, as the pronunciation of pygg and pig merged, some pygg banks makers started shaping them like pigs.[6][7]

The earliest citation in the Oxford English Dictionary is from 1913,[8] and from 1902 for the variant "pig bank".[9] It is believed[by whom?] that the popularity of the Western piggy banks originates in Germany, where pigs were revered as symbols of good fortune.[10] The oldest German piggy bank dates to the 13th century and was recovered during construction work in Thuringia.[11] The earliest known uses of "pig bank" are in newspaper articles from 1900.[12][13] In Mexico, piggy banks are called alcancía, a term originating from Andalusian Arabic.

Uses

The general use of piggy banks is to store loose change in a quaint, decorative manner. Modern piggy banks are not limited to the likeness of pigs and may come in a range of shapes, sizes, and colors. They are most commonly used by temples and churches because they are locked money boxes with narrow openings to drop cash or coins. The box is opened via a plug underneath it at regular intervals when the collected money is counted and recorded.

See also

  • Roman vase-shaped money box (2nd/3rd century AD). Ancient money boxes appear in the archaeological record in a wide variety of shapes.[4]
    Roman vase-shaped money box (2nd/3rd century AD). Ancient money boxes appear in the archaeological record in a wide variety of shapes.[4]
  • Money box from the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279).
    Money box from the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279).
  • Broken money box in red earthenware (between 1250 and 1350), archaeological find from Bruges.
    Broken money box in red earthenware (between 1250 and 1350), archaeological find from Bruges.
  • Tudor money box from the 16th century, England.
    Tudor money box from the 16th century, England.

Notes

  1. ^ A cèlèng (ꦕꦺꦭꦺꦁ) is a wild boar, with the "an" affix used to denote a likeness

References

  1. ^ Schroy, Ellen (2011). Warman's Americana & Collectibles. Krause Publications. p. 367. ISBN 978-1440228223.[permanent dead link‍]
  2. ^ "DigiBank Piggy and Panda Banks Learn to Count". Gizmodo. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
  3. ^ Sandy Donovan, Budgeting, p. 22, Lerner Publications, 2005 ISBN 0822526654.
  4. ^ a b Hurschmann, Rolf (Hamburg): "Money boxes", Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider (ed.): New Pauly, Brill, 2009
  5. ^ Supratikno Rahardjo. "Tradisi Menabung dalam Masyarakat Majapahit: Telaah Pendahuluan terhadap Celengan di Trowulan". In Monumen: Karya Persembahan Untuk Prof. Dr. R. Soekmono. Depok: Fakultas Sastra Universitas Indonesia, 1990. pp. 203-217.
  6. ^ Twisted tale: The great piggy bank mystery
  7. ^ What’s the origin of the piggy bank? - The Straight Dope<
  8. ^ "piggy bank". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  9. ^ "pig bank". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  10. ^ "Twisted tale: The great piggy bank mystery". BBC Storyworks
  11. ^ "Geröntgt: Mittelalterliches Sparschwein ist leer". Welt. 30 October 2013.
  12. ^ Sioux City Journal, July 20, 1900
  13. ^ Kalamazoo Gazette, September 27, 1900
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