Władysław Szpilman

Władysław Szpilman
Władysław Szpilman
	File:Szpilman4.jpg
Born	December 5, 1911; Sosnowiec
Died	July 6, 2000 (aged 88); Warsaw
Resting place	Powązki Cemetery, Warsaw
Nationality	Polish
Occupation(s)	Composer, pianist, author
Known for	The Pianist
Children	Christopher Władysław Antoni Szpilman, Andrzej Szpilman

Władysław “Władek” Szpilman (December 5, 1911–July 6, 2000) was a Polish pianist, composer, and memoirist. Outside Poland, Szpilman is widely known as the protagonist of the Roman Polański film The Pianist, which is based on his autobiographical book recounting how he survived the Holocaust. In November 1998 Władysław Szpilman was honoured by the president of Poland with a Kommandor Order with a Star of Polonia Restituta.

Early life and education

Szpilman was born in Sosnowiec, Congress Poland, Russian Empire, to a Jewish family. After early piano lessons with his mother Esthera, he continued his piano studies in the early 1930s at the Warsaw Conservatory under Aleksander Michałowski and at the Academy of Arts (Akademie der Künste) in Berlin under Artur Schnabel and Leonid Kreutzer. He also studied composition with Franz Schreker.

Career as a pianist

After Adolf Hitler seized power in Germany in 1933, Szpilman returned to Warsaw, where he quickly became a celebrated pianist and a composer of both classical and popular music. Szpilman composed many classical pieces, and some popular songs and soundtracks, such as Wrzos (1937) and Dr. Murek (1939), and he toured Poland accompanying violinist Bronislav Gimpel.

On 1 April 1935 he joined Polish Radio, where he worked as a pianist performing classical and jazz music, until the German invasion of Poland reached Warsaw in autumn 1939, and Polskie Radio was forced off the air. The Nazi-led General Government established ghettos in many Polish cities, including Warsaw, and Szpilman was forced to move to the Warsaw Ghetto with his family. He continued to work as a pianist in restaurants in the ghetto. Szpilman remained in the Warsaw Ghetto until it was abolished after the deportation of most of its inhabitants. Szpilman was left as a labourer and helped smuggle weapons. He avoided capture and death by the Germans several times.

When the rest of his family was deported to Treblinka, an extermination camp in the east, Szpilman managed to flee from the transport loading site with the help of a friend who grabbed him from the crowd and shooed him away from the waiting train. None of his family members survived the war. As set out in his memoir, Szpilman found places to hide in Warsaw and survived with the help of his friends from Polish Radio and in part by a German captain, Wilm Hosenfeld, whose real name Szpilman discovered in the early 1950s, when Hosenfeld’s wife wrote him a letter. Despite the efforts of Szpilman and the Poles to rescue Hosenfeld, he died in Soviet captivity in 1952.

Polish Radio

When Szpilman resumed his job at Polish Radio in 1945, he did so by carrying on where he left off six years before: poignantly, he opened the first transmission by playing Chopin’s [Nocturne] in C sharp minor (Lento con gran espressione), the same piece he was playing as German bombs hit the studios of Polish Radio, interrupting its broadcast on 23 September 1939.

From 1945 to 1963 Szpilman was director of the Music Department at Polish Radio. During this period he composed several symphonic works and about 500 songs, still popular in Poland today, as well as music for radio plays and film.

Compositions

In the 1950s he wrote about 40 songs for children, for which he received an award from the Polish Composers Union in 1955.

In 1961 he initiated and organized Sopot International Song Festival in Poland and founded the Polish Union of Authors of Popular Music.

Szpilman also performed as a soloist and with violinists Bronislav Gimpel, Roman Totenberg, Ida Haendel and Henryk Szeryng. In 1963, Szpilman and Gimpel founded the Warsaw Piano Quintet, with which Szpilman performed worldwide until 1986.

Memoirs

In 1945, shortly after the war’s end, Szpilman wrote a memoir about his survival in Warsaw. He published the book, edited by Polish writer Jerzy Waldorff, titled Śmierć Miasta (Death of a City), but it was suppressed by the communist Polish authorities, who did not like its perspective on the war. Few copies of the book were printed, and it remained sidelined for more than 50 years. The nationality of Wilm Hosenfeld was changed to Austrian.

In 1998, Szpilman’s son Andrzej republished his father’s work, first in German as Das wunderbare Überleben (The miraculous survival) by the Ullstein Verlag, a major German publishing house, and then in English as The Pianist. In March 1999 Władysław Szpilman visited London for Jewish Book Week, where he met English readers to mark the publication of his bestselling book in England. It was later published in more than 30 languages. In 2002, Roman Polański directed a screen version, also called The Pianist, but Szpilman died before the film was completed. The movie won three Academy Awards, the British Academy of Film and Television Arts Best Film Award, and the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.

His son Andrzej compiled and released a CD with the most popular songs Szpilman had composed under the title Wendy Lands Sings the Songs of the Pianist (Universal Music). Other CDs with the works of Szpilman include Works for Piano and Orchestra by Władysław Szpilman with Ewa Kupiec (piano), John Axelrod (director), and the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra (2004) (Sony BMG) and the Original recordings of the Pianist and Władysław Szpilman—Legendary recordings (Sony classical).

Death

Szpilman died in Warsaw in 2000 at age 88.

References

The Pianist: The Extraordinary True Story of One Man’s Survival in Warsaw, 1939–1945 by Władysław Szpilman, Foreword Andrzej Szpilman (2002) ISBN 0312311354

External links