USS Housatonic (SP-1697)
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| History | |
|---|---|
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| Name | USS Housatonic (Sp-1697) |
| Namesake | The Housatonic River |
| Builder | built in 1899 by Newport News Shipbuilding in Norfolk, Virginia. |
| Completed | 1899 |
| Commissioned | 25 January 1918 |
| Decommissioned | 5 August 1919 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Minelayer (in 1918)[1] |
| Displacement | 7,000 tons[1] |
| Length | 405 ft (123 m)[1] |
| Beam | 48 ft (15 m)[1] |
| Draft | 20 ft (6.1 m)[1] |
| Speed | 15 knots[1] |
| Capacity | 830 mines (900 max)[1] |
| Crew | 21 officers and 400 men[1] |
| Armament | list error: <br /> list (help) 1 x 5"/51 caliber gun 2 x 3"/23 caliber guns[1] |
The second USS Housatonic was the Southern Pacific freighter El Rio temporarily converted for planting the World War I North Sea Mine Barrage.
History
Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company launched El Rio at Newport News, Virginia in 1899.[2] The United States Shipping Board took control of the ship from Southern Pacific Steamship Company in 1917. She was fitted out for United States Navy service by Morse Dry Dock and Repair Company at Brooklyn, New York. The minelaying conversion enabled her to carry mines on three decks, and included six Otis elevators individually capable of transferring two mines every 20 seconds from the storage decks to the launching deck. USS Housatonic was commissioned on 25 January 1918 with Captain John Greenslade, USN, in command. While operating as part of Mine Squadron 1 out of Inverness, Scotland, from 7 June until the close of the war on 11 November 1918, Housatonic:[1]
- planted 769 mines during the 1st minelaying excursion on 7 June,
- planted 800 mines during the 2nd minelaying excursion,
- planted 840 mines during the 3rd minelaying excursion on 14 July,
- planted 830 mines during the 4th minelaying excursion,
- planted 320 mines during the 5th minelaying excursion,
- planted 810 mines during the 7th minelaying excursion on 26 August,
- planted 820 mines during the 8th minelaying excursion on 7 September,
- planted 830 mines during the 9th minelaying excursion,
- planted 860 mines during the 10th minelaying excursion,
- planted 840 mines during the 11th minelaying excursion,
- planted 820 mines during the 12th minelaying excursion on 13 October, and
- planted 800 mines during the final 13th minelaying excursion on 24 October.
Housatonic then made three trips returning soldiers of the American Expeditionary Forces to the United States before decommissioning on 5 August 1919 for return to Southern Pacific Steamship Company.
Commanding Officers
- John Greenslade was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal while aboard Housatonic.[3]
Big Four
In the words of British Rear Admiral Lewis Clinton-Baker, the North Sea mine barrage was the "biggest mine planting stunt in the world's history." The United States converted eight civilian steamships as minelayers for the 100,000 mines manufactured for the barrage. The largest of these were four freighters owned by Southern Pacific Steamship Company. Southern Pacific Transportation Company had evolved from the First Transcontinental Railroad to become the dominant transportation provider in California. Owners of the original Central Pacific Railroad were known as the Big Four. Sailors similarly referred to these former Southern Pacific ships as the Big Four.[1]
- El Siglo became No. 1694 USS Canandaigua
- El Dia became No. 1695 USS Roanoke
- El Cid became No. 1696 USS Canonicus
- El Rio became No. 1697 USS Housatonic
See also