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RWTH Aachen University

Coordinates: 50°46′40″N 6°04′41″E / 50.77778°N 6.07806°E / 50.77778; 6.07806
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RWTH Aachen University
Rheinisch-Westfälische
Technische Hochschule Aachen
MottoZukunft denken.[Note 1]
Motto in English
Thinking the Future.
TypePublic
Established10 October 1870
Budget
  • €936.5 million (2014)
  • External funds: €368.2 million (including Universitätsklinikum Aachen) (2014)
RectorErnst M. Schmachtenberg
Studentsmore than 42,000 (WS 2014/15)
Location
Aachen
,
NRW
,
Germany
Affiliations
Websiterwth-aachen.de
SuperC, landmark of RWTH Aachen and the central service building for students

RWTH Aachen University (German pronunciation: [ɛʀveːteːhaː ˈʔaːxən]) or Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen[Note 2] is a research university located in Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With more than 42,000 students enrolled in 144 study programs, it is the largest technical university in Germany.[1][2]

The university maintains close links to industry (one in five board members of German corporate groups has studied in Aachen[3]) and accounts for the highest amount of third-party funds of all German universities in both absolute and relative terms per faculty member.[4] In 2007, RWTH Aachen was chosen by the DFG as one of nine German Universities of Excellence for its future concept RWTH 2020: Meeting Global Challenges and additionally won funding for one graduate school and three clusters of excellence.[5] RWTH Aachen is a founding member of IDEA League,[6] a strategic alliance of four leading universities of technology in Europe. The university is also a member of TU9,[7] DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)[8] and the Top Industrial Managers for Europe[9] network.

History

On 25 January 1858, prince Frederick William of Prussia (later German emperor), was presented[by whom?] with a donation of 5,000 talers for charity, raised by the Aachener und Münchener Feuer-Versicherungs-Gesellschaft, the precursor of the AachenMünchener insurance company. In March, the prince chose to use the donation to found the first Prussian institute of technology somewhere in the Rhine province. The seat of the institution remained undecided over years; while the prince initially favored Koblenz, the cities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Düsseldorf also applied, with Aachen and Cologne being the main competitors. Aachen finally won with a financing concept backed by the insurance company and by local banks.[10] Groundbreaking for the new Polytechnikum took place on 15 May 1865 and lectures started during the Franco-Prussian War on 10 October 1870 with 223 students and 32 teachers. The new institution had as its primary purpose the education of engineers, especially for the mining industry in the Ruhr area; there were schools of chemistry, electrical and mechanical engineering as well as an introductory general school that taught mathematics and natural sciences and some social sciences.

Main Building of the RWTH Aachen. It was built in 1870.

The unclear position of the new Prussian polytechnika (which officially were not universities) affected the first years. Polytechnics lacked prestige in society and the number of students decreased. This began to change in 1880 when the early RWTH, amongst others, was reorganized as a Royal Technical University, gained a seat in the Prussian House of Lords and finally won the right to bestow PhD (1898) degrees and Diplom titles (introduced in 1902). In the same year, over 800 male students enrolled. In 1909 the first women were admitted and the artist August von Brandis succeeded Alexander Frenz at the Faculty of Architecture as a "professor of figure and landscape painting", Brandis became dean in 1929. [11]

World War I, however, proved a serious setback for the university. Many students voluntarily joined up and died in the war, and parts of the university were shortly occupied or confiscated.

While the (then no more royal) TH Aachen (Technische Hochschule Aachen) flourished in the 1920s with the introduction of more independent faculties, of several new institutes and of the general students' committee, the first signs of nationalist radicalization also became visible within the university. The Third Reich's Gleichschaltung of the TH in 1933 met with relatively low resistance from both students and faculty. Beginning in September 1933, Jewish and (alleged) Communist professors (and from 1937 on also students) were systematically persecuted and excluded from the university. Vacant Chairs were increasingly given to NSDAP party-members or sympathizers.[12] The freedom of research and teaching became severely limited, and institutes important for the regime's plans were systematically established,[by whom?] and existing chairs promoted. Briefly closed in 1939, the TH continued courses in 1940, although with a low number of students. On 21 October 1944, when Aachen capitulated, more than 70% of all buildings of the university were destroyed or heavily damaged.

After World War II ended in 1945 the university recovered and expanded quickly. In the 1950s, many professors who had been removed because of their alleged affiliation with the Nazi party were allowed to return and a multitude of new institutes were founded. By the late 1960s, the TH had 10,000 students, making it the foremost of all German technical universities. With the foundation of philosophical and medical faculties in 1965 and 1966, respectively, the university became more "universal". The newly founded faculties in particular began attracting new students, and the number of students almost doubled twice from 1970 (10,000) to 1980 (more than 25,000) and from 1980 to 1990 (more than 37,000).[13] Now, the average number of students is around 42,000, with about one third of all students being women. By relative terms, the most popular study-programs are engineering (57%), natural science (23%), economics and humanities (13%) and medicine (7%).[14]

Recent developments

"Red lecture hall" at the central campus

In December 2006, RWTH Aachen and the Sultanate of Oman signed an agreement to establish a private German University of Technology in Muscat. Professors from Aachen aided in developing the curricula for the currently five study-programs and scientific staff took over some of the first courses.[15]

In 2007, RWTH Aachen was chosen as one of nine German Universities of Excellence for its future concept RWTH 2020: Meeting Global Challenges, earning it the connotation of being an elite university. However, although the list of universities honored for their future concepts mostly consists of large and already respected institutions, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research claimed that the initiative aimed at promoting universities with a dedicated future concept so they could continue researching on an international level.[16] Having won funds in all three lines of funding, the process brought RWTH Aachen University an additional total funding of € 180 million from 2007-2011. The other two lines of funding were graduate schools, where the Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Science received funding and so-called "clusters of excellence", where RWTH Aachen managed to win funding for the three clusters: Ultra High-Speed Mobile Information and Communication (UMIC), Integrative Production Technology for High-wage Countries and Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass (TMFB).[17]

View towards the city of Aachen from SuperC, a central building for students next to the main building at the midtown campus

Campus

The construction site of the new auditorium CARL in 2015

RWTH Aachen University's 620-acre (250 ha) campus is located in the north-western part of the city Aachen. There are two core areas - midtown and Melaten district. The Main Building, SuperC student's center and the Kármán Hall are 500 m away from the city centre with the Aachen Cathedral, the Audimax (biggest lecture hall) and the main refectory are 200 m farther. Other points of interest include the university's botanical garden (Botanischer Garten Aachen).

A new building, the so-called Central Auditorium for Research and Learning (CARL) is currently under construction. There are plans to open it in the middle of 2017, then, it will offer space for 4000 students. The name of the new central auditorium, which is going to contain different lecture halls, is a reference to Charlemagne, who reigned his empire from Aachen in the middle-age.[18][19]

The RWTH has external facilities in Jülich and Essen and owns, together with the University of Stuttgart, a house in Kleinwalsertal in the Austrian Alps.

The university is currently expanding in the city center and Melaten district. The SuperC, the new central service building for students, was opened in 2008. The groundbreaking for the new Campus-Melaten was in 2009.

Internationality

Double degrees and student mobility are promoted with other technology universities through the TIME (Top Industrial Managers for Europe) network. Furthermore, the RWTH is member of the IDEA League, which is a strategic partnership among four of Europe's leading research universities, including TU Delft, Chalmers University of Technology, and ETH Zürich, and was the first German university starting an Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program in 2008.

Compared to other German universities the RWTH Aachen received the highest amount of funds granted by third-party donors in the last years.[20]

More than 7,000 international students are currently enrolled within the undergraduate, graduate or PhD programme. Compared to other German universities the portion of international students at the RWTH Aachen is higher-than-average.[21] The proximity of Aachen to the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg combined with the subsequent exposure to a variety of cultural heritages has placed RWTH Aachen University in a unique position with regards to the reflection and promotion of international aspects and intensive interaction with other universities.

Rankings

National rankings regularly identify RWTH Aachen as the best university in Germany in the fields of engineering (especially mechanical engineering, chemical engineering and electrical engineering), as well as amongst the top three in computer science, physics, chemistry, and medicine.[22][23][24][25][26] The 2015 QS World University Rankings ranked the university 12th in the world in mechanical engineering (by subject) and 53rd in engineering and technology (by faculty).[27][28]

On the national level, two prominent German newspapers, “Handelsblatt“ and “Wirtschaftswoche“, currently rank RWTH Aachen the first place in Germany in the fields of mechanical engineering (including chemical engineering), electrical engineering, industrial engineering, and computer science.[29] In the latest ranking published by DAAD together with Centre for Higher Education Development and Die Zeit, RWTH Aachen also stands on top among other German universities in the aforementioned fields of engineering and computer science.[30]

Ranking 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010
QS World University Rankings[31] 145 147 147 150 140 158
QS Faculty Rankings: Engineering & Technology[32] 53 42 28 35 39
QS Faculty Rankings: Natural Sciences[32] 46 36 47 83 82 59
QS Subject Rankings: Mechanical Engineering[33] 12 18 17 23 47
QS Subject Rankings: Electrical Engineering[33] 51-100 45 51-100 51-100 51-100
QS Subject Rankings: Physics & Astronomy[33] 30 37 30 26 48
QS Subject Rankings: Chemical Engineering [33] 34 36 45 50-100 50-100
QS Subject Rankings: Materials Science [33] 29 25 45 47 50-100
The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 78 110 156 129 154 168 182
The Times Higher Education Reputation Ranking (World) 91-100 91-100 - - - -
The Times Higher Education Subject Rankings: Engineering and Technology 29 30 54 39 - - -
The Times Higher Education Subject Rankings: Physical Sciences 49 48 78 61 - - -
The Times Higher Education Subject Rankings: Computer Science 29 - - - - - -
Research Performance Index (Engineering) 96
Research Performance Index (For Pure, Natural, and Mathematical Sciences) 79
Academic Ranking of World Universities (Mathematics) 76-100 101-150 76-100 76-100 - 77-100
Academic Ranking of World Universities (Chemistry) 51-75 51-75 151-200 151-200 - -
Academic Ranking of World Universities (World) 201-300 201-300 201-300 201-300 201-300 201-300

Organisation

RWTH Aachen is run by the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Since the summer semester of 2004 the state of North Rhine-Westphalia allowed universities to request a maximum of €500 per semester as tuition fees. In the past, tuition fees applied solely for long-term students and second studies. Since the summer semester of 2007, all students enrolled at the RWTH Aachen had to pay these €500, if they were not exempt for one of several reasons put forth by the State of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Since February 24 2011 study fees were abolished by the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia (Legislation for the Improvement of Equal Opportunities to University Admission) with effect from Winter Term 2011/12. Universities will receive 249 Mio Euro of national funding for measures that improve the quality of teaching (e.g., through additional teachers and tutors) as compensation. Tuition fees per semester are still being charged.

Almost all basic lectures are held in German, but an increasing number of master programs require proficiency in English for admission.

Institute for physical chemistry

The RWTH is divided into nine (previously ten) faculties:

F 1 - Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences
F 2 - Faculty of Architecture
F 3 - Faculty of Civil Engineering
F 4 - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
F 5 - Faculty of Georesources and Materials Engineering
F 6 - Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology
F 7 - Faculty of Arts and Humanities
F 8 - School of Business and Economics
F 10 - Faculty of Medicine

Faculty nine was pedagogical sciences, but it was abandoned in 1989. Teacher education, however, continued.[34]

Klinikum Aachen (University hospital)

Fraunhofer-Institutes

The university cooperates with the Fraunhofer-Institutes situated in the Melaten district of Aachen. The institutes offer workshops, courses and lectures for the students of RWTH Aachen.

Fraunhofer-Institute for molecular biology and applied ecology

Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)

The Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) was founded by the RWTH Aachen and Forschungszentrum Jülich in 2007.[35] Five sections are coordinated by the research facilities:

  • JARA-Brain (Diagnosis and therapy of neurologic sickness)
  • JARA-Fit (Fundamentals of future information technology)
  • JARA-HPC (High Performance Computing)
  • JARA-Energy (Energy research)[36]
  • JARA-FAME (Forces and matter experiments) [37]

Associations

  • RWTH Aachen - North American Alumni Association: Prof. Dr. Burkhard Rauhut, former president of the RWTH, and Prof. Dr. Laszlo Baksay, President of the newly founded "Association of Alumni, Friends and Supporters of RWTH Aachen University in North-America" signed the founding statement for a new branch of the RWTH Alumni Community in Melbourne (Florida) in May 2006.
  • AStA (Students' Union)
  • AISA (Assoc. of Indian Students in Aachen)[38]
  • BEST (Board of European Students of Technology) Aachen[39]
  • GATS (Association of Thai Students in Aachen)[40]
  • Pakistan Student Association.[41]
  • MexAS - Mexikanische Aachener Studierende ( Mexican Students´ Association) [42][43]
  • Flugwissenschaftliche Vereinigung Aachen (abbreviation: FVA, English: Flight Research Association Aachen).[44] The FVA academic flying group is closely affiliated with RWTH Aachen and overseen by IDAFLIEG (Interessengemeinschaft deutscher akademischer Fliegergruppen e.V.).[45]

Future

RWTH Aachen University plans a fundamental enlargement and restructuring of its campus for the close future. The new campus areas shall provide space for clusters of research institutions and industry partners to offer a better integration of research and technology.

Notable faculty and alumni

Main article: List of RWTH Aachen University people

RWTH Aachen University has educated several notable individuals, including some Nobel laureates in physics and chemistry. The scientists and alumni of the RWTH Aachen played a major role in chemistry, medicine, electrical, and mechanical engineering. For example, Nobel laureate Peter Debye received a degree in electrical engineering from RWTH Aachen and is known for the Debye model and Debye relaxation. Another example, Helmut Zahn and his team of the Institute for Textile Chemistry were the first who synthesised Insulin in 1963 and they were nominated for Nobel Prize.

Trivia

Notes

  1. ^ RWTH Aachen University uses this slogan in job advertisements.
  2. ^ RWTH is the abbreviation of Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, which translates into "Rheinish-Westphalian Technical University". The institution is in Germany commonly referred to as RWTH Aachen or simply RWTH. The abbreviation remains untranslated in other languages to avoid the use of the Hochschule term, which is sometimes mistakenly translated as highschool. Sometimes, RWTH Aachen is also referred to as TH Aachen or Aachen University.
    Note: The term FH Aachen does not refer to the RWTH but to the Fachhochschule Aachen, a university of applied sciences, which is also located in Aachen.

References

  1. ^ Daten & Fakten - RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY - Deutsch. Rwth-aachen.de (2011-12-12). Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
  2. ^ Official statistics (retrieved 2012-04-17)
  3. ^ World University Rankings: RWTH Aachen University
  4. ^ Figures by the German Federal Statistical Office (German; retrieved 2011-02-11).
  5. ^ Excellence-initiative.com
  6. ^ Antje Wollenschläger. "IDEA League - IDEA League Home". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  7. ^ Quinque, Venio (IMAG). "TU9 - TU9 Homepage". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  8. ^ "DFG - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  9. ^ "T.I.M.E. - Top Industrial Managers for Europe". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  10. ^ "Geschichte der RWTH Aachen", archives of RWTH Aachen university (German; retrieved 2009-04-11)
  11. ^ "Spurensuche Ausstellung > Brandis". spurensuche-ausstellung.de.
  12. ^ "Geschichte der RWTH Aachen", archives of RWTH Aachen university (German; retrieved 2009-04-11)
  13. ^ RWTH - Facts & Figures, p. 4
  14. ^ RWTH - Facts & Figures, p. 17
  15. ^ Annual report 2007/2008 of the Chair of Computer Science 5 (Information Systems) (retrieved 2009-04-11)
  16. ^ Federal Ministry for Education and Research: Initiative for Excellence (retrieved 2009-04-11)
  17. ^ Excellence Initiative at RWTH Aachen University (retrieved 2009-04-11)
  18. ^ http://www.aachener-nachrichten.de/lokales/aachen/rwth-hoersaalzentrum-carl-noch-im-oktober-in-den-probebetrieb-1.1474022
  19. ^ http://www.rwth-aachen.de/cms/root/Die-RWTH/Aktuell/Pressemitteilungen/Februar/~hmcd/Neues-Hoersaalzentrum-heisst-C-A-R-L/
  20. ^ Research Funding at RWTH Aachen University
  21. ^ RWTH - Facts & Figures, p. 13
  22. ^ RWTH Aachen ranking report 2001-2010 (German; retrieved 2009-04-09)
  23. ^ CHE report
  24. ^ "Uni-Ranking: Deutschlands beste Universitäten - Campus & MBA - Erfolg - Wirtschaftswoche". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  25. ^ Template:De icon Uni-Ranking 2011: Die besten Unis für die Karriere - Trends - Erfolg - Wirtschaftswoche. Wiwo.de (2011-04-19). Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
  26. ^ Template:De icon WiWo Rankings 2013. Wiwo.de (2013). Retrieved on 2013-12-14.
  27. ^ "QS World University Rankings by Subject 2013 - Engineering - Mechanical, Aeronautical & Manufacturing". Top Universities. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  28. ^ "QS World University Rankings by Faculty 2013 - Engineering and Technology". Top Universities. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  29. ^ "Mass Customization". Prof. Frank Piller - RWTH Aachen TIM Group. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  30. ^ DAAD - Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst. "Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst - DAAD - Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  31. ^ All Study Destinations. Top Universities. Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
  32. ^ a b QS overall- and faculty-rankings for RWTH Aachen, QS World University Rankings , retrieved on 2014-03-06.
  33. ^ a b c d e Subject Rankings for RWTH Aachen, QS World University Rankings, retrieved on 2014-03-06.
  34. ^ Rwth-aachen.de (Note the degree of 'Lehramt', i.e. the certification to teach at Gymnasium level)
  35. ^ Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)
  36. ^ "Error". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  37. ^ RWTH Aachen University. "JARA-FAME". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  38. ^ "Association of Indian Students in Aachen". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  39. ^ "BEST Aachen | About Us". BEST Aachen. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  40. ^ Association of Thai Students in Aachen
  41. ^ "Home". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  42. ^ "MexAS - Über uns". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  43. ^ "Log into Facebook - Facebook". Facebook. Retrieved 21 July 2015. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  44. ^ Fva.rwth-aachen.de
  45. ^ "Home". Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  46. ^ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung on the Special Charlemange Award for Pope John Paul II in 2004 (German; retrieved 2009-09-27)
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50°46′40″N 6°04′41″E / 50.77778°N 6.07806°E / 50.77778; 6.07806

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