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Oghuz languages

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This article is about a major branch of the Turkic language family. For other uses, see Oghuz (disambiguation).
Oghuz
Southwestern Turkic
Geographic
distribution
Linguistic classificationTurkic
Subdivisions
Language codes
Glottologoghu1243  (Oghuz + Kipchak + Uzbek)

The Oghuz languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family, spoken by approximately 150 million people.[2]

Terminology

The term "Oghuz" is applied to the southwestern branch of the Common Turkic languages, in reference to the Oghuz Turks who migrated from the Altai Mountains to Central Asia in the 8th century, and further expanded to the Middle East and to the Balkans as separate tribes.

Languages

Knowledge of either of the two major western Oghuz languages, Turkish or Azerbaijani, in Europe

The Oghuz languages currently spoken have been classified into three groups, based on their features:

An outlying language, Salar, is spoken by about 70,000 people in China.

Two further languages, Crimean Tatar and Urum, are Kypchak languages, but have been heavily influenced by the Oghuz languages.

The extinct Pecheneg language was probably Oghuz, but as it is poorly documented, it is difficult to further classify it within the Oghuz family.[3]

Features

The Oghuz languages share a number of features that have led linguists to classify them together. Some of the features are shared with other Turkic languages, and others are unique to the Oghuz family.

Shared features

Unique features

  • Voicing of stops before front vowels (e.g. gör- < kör-, "to see")
  • Loss of q/ɣ after ɯ/u (e.g. quru < quruq, "dry", sarɯ < sarɯɣ, "yellow")
  • Change in form of participial from -gan to -an

See also

References

  1. ^ [1] Land and Power in Khorezm: Farmers, Communities, and the State in Uzbekistan
  2. ^ [2] Turkic languages
  3. ^ Баскаков, Н. А. Тюркские языки, Москва 1960, с. 126-131.
  • Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Ágnes (1998). The Turkic Languages. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-08200-5. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  • Menges, Karl H. (1995). The Turkic Languages and Peoples. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-03533-1.
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