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Therapeutic Treatments

Therapies (table)
Add music therapy, bright light therapy, shared care

Medication

Medication section (untouched)

Medical Devices

Medical devices (table)

Type/Device	Method	Variations	Duration	What does it do?	Effectiveness	Side Effects
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)	Under general anesthesia; seizures that are electrically induced in patients to provide relief from psychiatric illnesses; used with Informed Consent as a last line of intervention. (75)(77)	Frequency of courses; electrode placement; electrical waveform of stimulus (77)	2-3 times/week, as needed (83)	Anticonvulsant effect mostly in frontal lobes; neurotrophic effects in the medial temporal lobe (84)	Effective for 50% of patients with treatment-resistant MDD; 50% of long-term follow ups relapse (79)	Most common are confusion and memory loss; side effects of general anesthesia
Deep Brain Stimulation	Electrodes implanted in a specific region of the brain, which is then continuously stimulated. (86)	--	Not FDA approved in the United States (88)	Electrically stimulating brain regions for treatment-resistant MDD.	About half of the patients who receive it do find dramatic improvement (87)	Generally trivial for younger patient population (as opposed to movement disorders) (87)
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)	Noninvasive way of stimulating regions of the brain; magnetic field generator, or "coil" is placed near the head of the patient; coil produces small electric currents in the region just under it; coil is connected to pulse generator for electric current. (89)(90)
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)
Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation

Other Treatments/Prevention

Exercise
Meditation
St John's wort
Sleep
Smoking cessation
Total/partial sleep deprivation
Essential Fatty Acids