House of Moray
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The so-called House of Moray is a historiographical and genealogical construct to illustrate the succession of rulers whose base was at the region of Moray and who ruled sometimes a larger kingdom. It is much the same as Cenél Loairn (although not necessarily exactly), an originally Gaelic concept to express one of the two rivalling leader clans of early medieval Scotland.
The so-called house of Loairn or of Moray was distantly related to the Scottish House of Alpin, its rival, and claiming descent from the eponymous founder Loarn mac Eirc. Some of its members became the last kings of the Picts while three centuries later, two members succeeded to the Scottish throne ruling Scotland from 1040 until 1058.
At the times when the rival house held the throne, the Loairn leaders usually had their effectively independent state of Moray, where a succession of kings (kinglets) or mormaers ruled.
The Loairn succession followed quite loyally the rules of tanistry, resulting in practice to outcomes where branches of the leaders' extended family rotated on the rulership, possibly keeping a balance between important branches. This is quite typical for tribal societies, where primogeniture is much less usual than agnatic seniority or turns on the throne. For example, Macbeth, King of Scotland descended from one branch, and his stepson Lulach from another.
Not much nor convincing evidence survives that the House of Loairn followed in any way the postulated Pictish tradition of matrilineal succession. Rather, their succession seems to follow quite fully the Irish-Celtic tradition of agnatic clan.
Kings of Dal Riata from among the Cenél Loairn
Following kings of Dál Riata are recorded to have been members of the Cenél Loairn:
- Ferchar Fota
- Ainbcellach mac Ferchair
- Selbach mac Ferchair
- Dúngal mac Selbaig
- Muiredach mac Ainbcellaig
Cenél Loairn kings, in particular the descendants of Ferchar Fota, competed successfully for control of Dál Riata in the early 8th century, prior to the Pictish conquest of the kingdom by Óengus mac Fergusa.
Kings of Scots
Following the death of Donnchad mac Crínáin in 1040, two members of the kindred ruled as Kings of Scots.
- Mac Bethad mac Findláich (1040–1057), ardri Alban[1]
- Lulach mac Gillai Comgain (1057–1058), ri Alban
Additionally, Giric mac Dúngail (878–889) may have been a member of this kindred.
Already MacBeth's father and cousin (Lulach's uncle) had been "kings of Alba":
- Findlaich mac Ruaidhri, ri Alban, killed 1020
- Mael Coluim mac Mael Brighdi mac Ruaidrí, rí Alban (1020-1029)
Lulach's son and grandson were, however, titled kings of Moray, not of Alba:
- Mael Snechtai mac Lulaich, ri Muireb
- Oengus mac inghine Lulaich, ri Moréb (killed 1130)
Mormaers of Moray
Óengus of Moray (died 1130), who has no attestation of descending in male line from Cenel Loairn clan (he was son of daughter of Lulach), is the last known member of the kindred to have ruled Moray, after which it (supposedly) passed to William fitz Duncan of the Cenél nGabráin descended royal family. While the Meic Uilleim and MacHeths are sometimes associated with Moray, it is no longer widely supposed that they were claiming the Mormaerdom or that they belonged to this kindred, except possibly through female descent.
See also
- Scotland in the Early Middle Ages
- Scotland in the High Middle Ages
- Scottish monarchs family tree
- Style of the monarchs of Scotland
References
- ^ "PEP Web - Doubling, Mythic Difference, and the Scapegoating of Female Power in MACBETH". www.pep-web.org. Retrieved 2008-05-12.