Palatine tonsil
The tonsils are areas of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat. An infection of the tonsils is called Tonsillitis
As with other organs of the lymphatic system, the tonsils act as part of the immune system to help protect against infection. In particular, they are believed to be involved in helping fight off pharyngeal and respiratory tract infections.
Tonsils in humans include (from superiorly to inferiorly); pharyngeal tonsils, tubal tonsils, palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils. Together this set of lymphatic tissue is called the Tonsillar Ring or Waldeyer's Ring. While tonsils tend to reach their largest size near puberty they will gradually atrophy thereafter.
Tonsillitis causes sore throat and fever. In chronic cases, or in acute cases where the palatine tonsils become so swollen that swallowing is impaired, a tonsillectomy can be performed to remove the tonsils. Patients whose tonsils have been removed are still protected from infection by the rest of their immune system.
When bacteria that collect on the tonsils consume mucus that has pooled in pits in the tonsils a whitish-yellow deposit is produced. These deposits are known as tonsiloliths or "tonsil stones" and emit a very pungent odour due to the presence of volatile sulphur compounds.