[...] Many succeeding emperors tried to take back [Crete from the Muslim rulers]; but it was always in vain, and with losses. Finally [...], Romanos II recommended the enterprise to Nikephoros Phokas, who, after seven months of cruel war, on March 4th, 961 [C.E.], destroyed the Saracens, took Candia as [the Byzantines'] main city by arms and led them triumphantly to the Curupa Hippodrome. [He] left St. Nicone to return the Christian religion [to the island], and a colony of twelve noble families to propagate it, who were families Armena; Calojera; Anatolica; Curiaci, i.e., Saturnini, now called Cortazzi; Vespesiani, called Meliseni; called Sutili; Pampini, called Ulastò; Romuli, called Claudi; Aliati, called Scordili; Colonesi, called Coloini; Orsini, called Areulada; and Phoca of Nikephoros Phokas' own blood. [These families were called] the First Ones, later the Arghondopuli [archontopoula], from the word arghia, which means magistrate, rector, or commander, because they dominated the island for many long years ahead of the convulsions of the [Byzantine] Empire, and they were perhaps the greatest enemies of the [ Venetian ] Republic, even though they also benefitted the most [under Venetian rule].[4]
It is likely that Coronelli’s inclusion of the Calogerà in the 12 archontal families of Crete, or archontopoula, is based on Andrea Corner’s (b. 1547 - d. ca. 1616) Storia di Candia, the first literary work to deal exclusively with the island’s history.[5] Similarly, in Revue de l'Orient Latin, Vol. 11 (1908), Louis-Ernest Leroux provides further context in the following passage:
Thus, [ Nikephoros Phokas ] subdued and ransacked the whole island, which for 142 years had been occupied and lorded by barbarians, and he had it settled and left in the form of a colony, for its greater security, under noble families originally from Constantinople [nobili Costantinopolitani] of the Màggiori and of the Senatorial order, namely: the Armeni; the Caleteri; the Anatolici, also called Cortezzi; the Cargenti, that is, Saturnini; the Vespesiani, also called Melissini; […] the Sutili; the Papiliani, also called Vlasti; the Romuli, also called Claudi; the Aliotti, also called Scordilli; the Colonessi, also called Coloini; the Irtini, also called Arculendi; and the Phoca, of the same blood of the Phoca from whom the noble house of Calergi originated.[6]
Numerous other historians have written about the Calogerà family over the centuries. In his 1935 book Calogeras, Antonio Gontijo de Carvalho describes the family's origins:
João Pandiá Calógeras belonged a traditional European family that originated, according to some historians, from the island of Cyprus. The family’s name is associated with a Greek word that translates to "good, old man" or "respectable by age." It derives from the term for an Oriental monk. Formerly, the word also referred to Latin hermits. But the qualifier has since been applied to Greek schismatics, male or female, who observe the rule of St. Basil or St. Marcellus. By its etymology, the word refers only to elder monks, but its use has been extended to include all of the monks living at Mt. Athos.
[...] One fifth century family member, St. Calogerus, exists in universal hagiology and also figures in the family's coat-of-arms. With the schism of the Orthodox Church, one part [of the family] continued in the Roman apostolic rite; the other, more numerous, part adhered to the Eastern creed. In her father's biography The Alexiad, Anna Komnene gives the explanation that, having come to reside in Byzantium, [the Calogerà family] formed alliances with the Komnenos. During the Ottoman conquests, numerous bearers of the Calogerà name fell victim to the Turks.
Breathtaking works such as Chiotis' Historia de Zante, Marmora's Historia de Corfú, Eugene Rizo Rangabé's Livre d'Or de la Noblesse Ionienne, and the Genealogia delle Famiglie Venete each contain biographies of the most distinguished individuals of this important family. In 1431, John Calogerà assumed the post of adviser to Duke Acciaoli in Athens during Attica's period of short-lived sovereignty from [ Catalan rule in] southern Italy. In 1499, Ambassador Matheus Calogerà was sent to Venice on behalf of the Rector of Zante in order to obtain the constitution of [Venetian] territorial property from the Senate. Following the Turkish conquest of Cyprus in 1501 [sic], the Calogerà took refuge on the island of Crete, where they were inscribed in the Golden Book of the Nobility of that island, and they became feudatory barons under Venetian domination.
Several members of the family entered the religious orders; innumerable others were distinguished in war and rendered valuable services to the Republic of Venice, for which they were recognized in various decrees by the Senate and the Doges. In 1537, after the Siege of Suleiman [the Magnificent], families of the nobility, among whom were the main branch of the Calogerà, left Crete to settle in Corfu. The Calogerà were inscribed in the Golden Book of this island in 1644 and thereafter never ceased to appear in every list of its nobles. After the conquest of Crete by the Turks in 1669, another branch, which had remained on the island [of Crete], was to settle in [the city of] Venice, where its members were immediately assimilated into the nobility [sic], [and whose nobility was] confirmed by the Emperor of Austria in 1816 when the Adriatic city was occupied by that mighty nation.
Upon the death of a certain General Calogerà, aide-de-camp to King Constantine of Greece, the senior branch of the Calogerà family of Corfu went extinct, as he left behind no descendants of his own. Among others, the family produced such illustrious individuals as Draco Calogerà (b. 1540), second son of Dimo, who led as Admiral in the Venetian navy, as did relatives Francesco Calogerà (b. 1599) and Zorzi Calogerà (b. 1677). Antonio Calogerà, head of the Venetian branch, was killed in 1684 in the taking of Nauplia, when the Venetian fleet fought to reclaim the Morea [from Ottoman rule]. Several members of the family were awarded knighthoods in the Order of Saint Mark. In the Church of Sant' Antonio in Venice, one finds, surmounted by his coat-of-arms, the tomb of Demetrio Calogerà, who died in 1682 and who was a direct descendant of the main branch of Corfu. John Paul Calogerà, who died in 1702, was the Venetian military governor of Bergamo. Spiridion Calogerà, killed in 1754, was admiral of the arsenal in Corfu. And Marco Calogerà was Bishop of Kotor, Dalmatia, in 1856.[1]
[...] But the Calotheri and Anatolici were banished, even if they prided themselves on their ancient parentado[7] to the Emperor of Greece.[8]
In the Brazilian journal Revista de Historia (1961), Volume 22, No. 46, historian Sílvio Fernandes Lopes writes:
In Brazilianonomastics, the names Pandiá and Calógeras evoke, at once, the Greek flavor behind their etymologies: Pandiá reminds the bearer of eclecticism and universalism, while Calógeras conjures up monastic respectability and the wisdom of the elders of St. Basil and St. Marcellus. [The Calógeras family] dates back to an historical and almost mythological Cyprus, where they originated. [...] From beginning all the way to the present, a brilliant genealogical succession can be observed in this family. [...] A Calógeras shines in the hagiological calendar as early as the fifth century, extolling excellent virtues, religious struggles, and the evolution of spiritual postulates in the person of a saint. Byzantium, Athens, Venice, and Crete have all welcomed the Calógeras family through the centuries. In 1644, they appear in Corfu. [Members of this family] sparkled spirits and cultures in the likes of Draco Calógeras, Dino and Francesco, and Zorzi and Antonio, at the head of events in the greater history of the Republic of Venice that would alter the organization and political distribution of the Mediterranean world. For this reason, the arms of Demetrius Calógeras would be featured in the golden and blue panel of the Church of St. Anthony [it] in Venice; John Paul would glow in the military history of Bergamo; Spiridion would die as Admiral of the Arsenal of Corfu in the eighteenth century; and Marco Calógeras would die as Bishop of Cattaro [sic] in Dalmatia in the mid-nineteenth century. Theologians, writers, poets, philologists, philosophers, admirals, generals, sociologists, tribunes, jurists, doctors, and engineers all appear in great numbers in this immense family, which, ever and always illustrious over the centuries, finally arrived in Brazil in 1841 in the person of João Batista Calógeras (grandfather of João Pandiá Calógeras). João Batista, who was a close friend of the Baron de Lafitte—a celebrated banker and minister of King Louis Philippe—lead a financial initiative [on behalf of] that famous man of pecunia [in Brazil].[9]
CALOGERÀ of Venice. — Originally from Corfu, they obtained Septinsularnobility during the epoch of Venetian domination. — In the 16th century, some immigrated to Italy, and a branch settled in Venice; it is from this branch that we are given Angelo, Camaldolesemonk, born in Padua, famous for his compilation of philological and scientific booklets known as Calogerà's Collection [la Raccolta Calogerana]. — Marco [Kalogjera], Bishop of Split. — A branch of this family still flourishes in Udine. — ARMS: Of azure [background], a silver, beamless anchor, its shaft accented with a green cedar branch bearing a single, yellow fruit on its left side; all accompanied at the top by a star of eight golden rays.[10]
In December of 2008, the Municipality of Blato, in addition to the All Saints Parish of Blato and the Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences in Dubrovnik, commemorated the 120th anniversary of the death of Marko Kalogjera, Bishop of Split and Makarska, by conducting a scientific research conference in his honor. In Biskup Marko Kalogjera o 120. obljetnici smrti: Zbornik radova znanstvenog skupa održanog u prosincu 2008. u Blatu, Svezak 1. (translated, Bishop Marko Kalogjera, on the 120th Anniversary of his Death: Proceedings of the Conference Held in December 2008 in Blato, Vol. I), Damir Boras, President of the University of Zagreb, provides an account of the history of the Calogerà family in Croatia:
The Kalogjera family is originally from the Greek realm, and the Greek name means good, old man.
The family's homeland is the island of Cyprus, where the family, distinguished by high-status positions, had lived until the end of the 15th century, when Egyptian Mamluks invaded and plundered the island. [...] The Turks finally conquered [Cyprus] between the years of 1570 and 1571. The Kalogjera family fought in these wars, but eventually they lost all of their possessions and, like many other families, had to flee. The emigration [of the family] from Cyprus began in the late 15th and early 16th centuries and ended in 1570, when the last family members fled, despite a treaty between the defender of the island, Marko Bragadin, and the Turks. Already at the beginning of this migration, many family members had moved to Crete, to the Morea on the Peloponnese—the Peloponnesian branch—and to Corfu and Venice—the Corfiote branch. Thus, in the mid-16th century, we find branches of the family in Crete, Corfu (1540), and in Venice (1550).
The Kalogjera family was split when a smaller branch moved to the Morea [in Greece] and a larger branch moved to [the city of] Venice, and from there some moved to Zadar, Hvar, Korčula, and Dubrovnik. This is the so-called Venetian-Dalmatian branch; the Venetian-Italian branch expanded across Italy to the cities of Padua, Milan, Udine, and Vicenza. Both of these branches form the Venetian branch which, again, is itself a cadet branch of the bloodline from Corfu, Crete, and Cyprus.
— Niko Kalogjera, Uspomene iz života i rada biskupa Marka Kalogjere st. – Povodom 50-godišnjice njegove smrti, Memories of the Life and Work of Bishop Marko Kalogjera[11]
In the past, members of the Kalogjera family were mostly soldiers and priests, but also officials, physicians, and traders. There were several admirals of the Venetian fleet, generals, colonels, military attachés, galley commanders, and ministers, and among them we also find a governor, a consul, and even one imperial governor. Moreover, the family has produced pedagogues, teachers, bishops, and abbots, and among its members we find excellent musicologists and writers as well as merchants and industrialists. Most contemporary family members are scientists, doctors, lawyers, engineers, economists, and musicians, and most are college-educated people. [...][12]
Legacy
Goldsmiths in Dalmatia
In Dalmatia, the Venetian branch of the Calogerà family amassed considerable wealth as goldsmiths on the island of Korčula, becoming one of its most prominent families soon after arriving in the mid-18th century. This cadet branch descends cognatically from the Cortino goldsmithing family of Hvar. In the early 18th century, Don Francesco Calogerà, warden of the Venetian state hospital in Hvar, married the daughter of goldsmith Steffano Cortino, and their son, Steffano Calogerà, became the progenitor of the Kalogjera family of Korčula and the first to adopt the double-barreled nickname of Kalogjera Zlatar, meaning goldsmith.[13]
Antonio Calogerà (b. 1733 - d. 1772): Venetian Public Notary of Zadar (1770 - 1772); and son of Signor Cavalier Demetrio Calogerà and Maria Maddalena Calogerà of House de' Medici
Goran Kalogjera, O.M.M. (b. 1951): Croatian author and historian; recipient of the State Award of Macedonia ("Medal of St. Clement", 1998), Kočo Racin Award (2005); and Honorary Consul of the Republic of Macedonia in Croatia (2010 – 2019; North Macedonia, 2019 - present)[18][19]
Ivana Kalogjera-Brkić (b. 1962): famous Croatian journalist and author; former chief adviser to the Croatian Minister of Science; and founder of Nismo Same (translated, We Are Not Alone), an organization dedicated to supporting cancer patients in Croatia[22]
Nikica Kalogjera, M.D. (b. 1930 - d. 2006): Serbian-born Croatian physician; acclaimed composer, director, and music producer; and husband of singer Ljupka Dimitrovska
Pjer Šimunović: Croatian Ambassador to the United States (August 2017 – present); former Director of Croatia's National Security Council (April 2016 - August 2017); former Croatian Ambassador to Israel (August 2012 - April 2016); and maternal first cousin, twice-removed, of Jakša Kalogjera[27]
Stjepan Kalogjera, M.D. (b. 1934): Serbian-born Croatian physician; acclaimed pop music composer, conductor, and music producer; and husband of pop singer and model Maruška Šinković-Kalogjera
Ošljak (island): The small island of Ošljak, off the coast of Zadar, was previously known as Calogerà, or Kaluđera,[29] named after the Calogerà [Kalogjera, Kalogera] family of Zadar who possessed it and built their summer residence and gardens there.[30][31] The remains of the Calogerà family mansion and gardens are protected cultural and historical landmarks.[32] Today, some locals still refer to the island as Kalogera. The legacy of the Calogerà family is preserved in the island's Italian name, Calugerà. In Preko: Povijesne, Geografske, Folklorističke, i Kulturne Crtice (1924), Dr. Josip Marčelić, Bishop of Dubrovnik, writes the following excerpt:
Some still call [the island] Kalogera, the name of its first possessors, who received the island [as a gift from] from the Venetian Republic. The Kalogera family was probably from Crete, and they were ardent supporters of the Republic in the Cretan military.
[...]
The [area] of the island is elliptical and measures 2,300 meters. The island rises in the form of a cone 60m above the surface of the sea. On the northern side of the islet, two circular buildings are visible, and the walls are still solid. They were built by the first possessor of the island, Levantin Kalogera. These are old mills, two windmills, [which were] used in the past by the inhabitants of the surrounding villages, when there were no bigger boats nearby.[30]
Dalmatian branch, cadet of Venetian branch, published in "Prikaz Roda Kalogjera" in Zbornik Biskup Marko Kalogjera (2008)[35]
Coats of Arms
According to Niko Kalogjera in Memories, there were three coats of arms that belonged to different branches of the family.
Cypriot-Peloponnese branch — On a silver background atop an azure border, decorated with three golden stars, is a red sun, and at the bottom there is a burning tower ([or] three burning towers) in natural color. This coat of arms appears in the will and testament of Ivan [Italian, Giovanni], the military governor of Bergamo, dated 8 June 1698.
Corfiote coat of arms — Beneath the leafy branch of a tree, or palm tree, stands a monk with a rosary in his hand. This coat of arms is in the archives of the Corfu Museum, and a stone version exists in the lobby of the University of Padua just to the left of the entrance.
Dalmatian coat of arms — In the upper half of the field, a lion exceeds three mountains or islands. The lower half of the field is divided, from left to right, by an oblique furrow into two smaller fields. The first [signifies] a meadow; the other, arable land.
— Damir Boras, in "A Review of the Kalogjera Genus"[36]
^Marco Antonio Sabellico, Dell'Historia Venitiana, Appresso Gio: Maria Sauioni, Venice, 1668, p. 124, translated from Italian, Calotheri in bold, accessed via Google Books on 16 December 2019.
^See Sílvio Fernandes Lopes, "João Pandia Calógeras" in Revista de Historia, pp. 289-290.
^Giovan Battista di Crollalanza, Dizionario storico-blasonico delle famiglie nobili e notabili italiane estinte e fiorenti, Vol. I, p. 202, Il Giornale Araldica, Pisa, 1866, translated from Italian.
^Niko Kalogjera, Uspomene iz života i rada biskupa Marka Kalogjere st. – Povodom 50-godišnjice njegove smrti, Štamparija "Gaj", Zagreb, 1938, p. 52, translated from Serbo-Croatian.
^See Damir Boras, "Prikaz Roda Kalogjera" in Biskup Marko Kalogjera o 120. obljetnici smrti, p. 13.
^Vinicije Lupis, "Zlatarska bilježnica obitelji Kalogjera iz Blata na otoku Korčuli", Peristil, [1], Institut društvenih znanosti »Ivo Pilar«, Područni centar Dubrovnik, 2009.
^Vera Kružić Uchytil, Vlaho Bukovac : Život i djelo (1855-1920), Nakladni zavod Globus, Zagreb, 2005, pp. 44-48, 340–341, 345–346.
^"A Good Friend: Interview with Croatian Ambassador Pjer Simunovic", [6], accessed 1 November 2018
^"Preminuo Vanja Kalogjera", [7], accessed 1 November 2018
^Ante Brižić, "Vlasnici Ošljaka" in Naši školji, No. 13, Municipality of Preko, 2015, p. 124, translated from Serbo-Croatian.
^ abJosip Marčelić, "Ošljak" in PREKO, Historical, Geographical, Folklore, and Cultural Dash, Tisak Dubrovačke Hrvatske Tiskare, Dubrovnik, 1924, pp. 76-83, translated from Serbo-Croatian.
^Patrizia Licini, "Lorenzo Licini (1725-1802): Surveyor of Dalmatia and Count of Poljica", Geoadria, Vol. 15, No. 2, Croatian Geographical Society, Zadar, 2010, p. 373.
^ abcdEugene Rizo-Rangabé, Livre d'Or de la Noblesse Ionienne (Golden Book of the Ionian Nobility), Vol. I (Corfu), Maison d' Editions "Eleftheroudakis", Athens, 1925, translated from French.
^See Damir Boras, "Prikaz Roda Kalogjera" in Biskup Marko Kalogjera o 120. obljetnici smrti, p. 15.
^See Damir Boras, "Prikaz Roda Kalogjera" in Biskup Marko Kalogjera o 120. obljetnici smrti, p. 14.
^See von Rosenfeld, Wappenbuch des Königreichs Dalmatien, Table 58.
^Vinicije B. Lupis, Zlatarska bilježnica obitelji Kalogjera iz Blata na otoku Korčuli (Goldsmith's Book of the Kalogjera Family from Blato on the Island of Korčula) in Peristil : zbornik radova za povijest umjetnosti, Vol. 52, No. 1, translated from Croatian, Institut društvenih znanosti "Ivo Pilar", Područni centar Dubrovnik, 2009.
Coronelli, Vincenzo (1707). "CAND". Biblioteca Universale Sacro-Profana, Antico-Moderna, In cui si spiega con ordine Alfabetico Ogni Voce, Anco Straniera, Che può avere significato nel nostro Idioma Italiano (in Italian). Volume 7. Antonio Tivani. {{cite journal}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
Fernandes Lopes, Sílvio (1961). "João Pandia Calógeras"(PDF). Revista de Historia (in Portuguese). Volume 22 (No. 46). Sao Paulo: University of São Paulo. ISSN2316-9141. {{cite journal}}: |issue= has extra text (help); |volume= has extra text (help)
Ganza, Milka (2004). "Uspomene i sjećanja na obitelj Kalogjera", Blatski Ljetopis, pp. 291-306 (in Croatian). Zagreb: Društvo Blaćana i prijatelja Blata u Zagrebu. ISSN1332-7283.
von Rosenfeld, Carl Georg Friedrich Heyer (1873). Wappenbuch des Königreichs Dalmatien [Armorial of the Kingdom of Dalmatia] (in German). Vol. J. Siebmachers grosses und allgemeines Wappenbuch, Vierten Bandes, Dritte Abtheilung. Nürnberg: Bauer und Raspe.
Varfi, Gjin (2000). Heraldika Shqiptare. Tirana: Shtëpia Botuese Dituria. ISBN978-999-27318-5-7.
.jpg)
![Descendants of patriarch Demetrio "Dimo" Calogera of Corfu, published in Livre d'Or de la Noblesse Ionienne (1925).[34]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Prototypal_Calogera_Branch_of_Corfu.png)
![Senior Corfiote branch, published in Livre d'Or de la Noblesse Ionienne (1925).[34]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Senior_Calogera_Branch_of_Corfu.png)
![Junior Corfiote branch, published in Livre d'Or de la Noblesse Ionienne (1925).[34]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Junior_Calogera_Branch_of_Corfu.png)
![Venetian branch, cadet of Corfiote branch, published in Livre d'Or de la Noblesse Ionienne (1925).[34]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Calogera_Branch_of_Venice_(Cadet_of_Corfu).png)
![Brazilian branch, cadet of Corfiote branch, published in Calogeras (1935)[1]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Brazilian_Cadet_Branch_of_Calogera_Family.png)
![Dalmatian branch, cadet of Venetian branch, published in "Prikaz Roda Kalogjera" in Zbornik Biskup Marko Kalogjera (2008)[35]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Kalogjera_Family_Tree.jpg)
Coat of arms: Corfu![Arms of the Dalmatian branch, published in Wappenbuch des Königreichs Dalmatien (1873).[37]](/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/CoatOfArmsCalogera.png/138px-CoatOfArmsCalogera.png)
Coat of arms: Dalmatia
Coat of arms of Bishop Marko Kalogjera (Roman Catholic)
Stamp of Antonio Calogerà of Zadar, used from 1768 until 1772
Coat of arms: Cyprus, ecclesiastical arms of abbot Angelo Calogera, featuring the original Cypriot ensign
Plaque of Nikolaos Kalogeras on the Five-Terraced House of Monemvasia, Greece
![Arms of the Dalmatian branch, published in Wappenbuch des Königreichs Dalmatien (1873).[37]](/enwiki/wiki/File:CoatOfArmsCalogera.png)
License of Don Liberale Calogerà, Venetian Consul to Ottoman Cyprus, 1721 - 1724.![goldsmith's booklet of the Kalogjera family of Blato, Croatia, from 1741: template for an icon frame[38]](/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Goldsmith%27s_booklet_of_the_Kalogjera_family_from_1741%2C_template_for_an_icon_frame.jpg/82px-Goldsmith%27s_booklet_of_the_Kalogjera_family_from_1741%2C_template_for_an_icon_frame.jpg)
goldsmith's booklet of the Kalogjera family of Blato, Croatia, from 1741: template for an icon frame[38]
Brazilian postage stamps featuring portrait of João Pandiá Calógeras
envelope stamped in commemoration of Joao Pandias Calogeras
school banner created in homage to João Pandiá Calógeras
Coat of arms: Albania
![goldsmith's booklet of the Kalogjera family of Blato, Croatia, from 1741: template for an icon frame[38]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Goldsmith%27s_booklet_of_the_Kalogjera_family_from_1741,_template_for_an_icon_frame.jpg){kind=icon}
