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Linux kernel version history

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Herakleitoszefesu (talk | contribs) at 23:57, 6 March 2021 (→Releases 5.x.y: Fix reference). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

See also: History of Linux

The Linux kernel is a free and open-source, monolithic, Unix-like operating system kernel. It was conceived and created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds.[1]

Linux kernels have different support level depending on version, (e.g. version 4.4, released in January 2016, was declared to have Long-Term Support (LTS)). It has 6 years of support that way, but was also defined to have Super Long Term Support (SLTS), i.e. Civil Infrastructure Platform will provide support (for 32-bit ARM and x86-64 only) until at least 2026, possibly until 2036.[2] It is by now the oldest supported version.

Template:Linux kernel timeline

Releases 5.x.y

Version Original release date Current version Maintainer EOL Notes
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.0 3 March 2019[3] 5.0.21[4] Greg Kroah-Hartman June 2019[4] Named Shy Crocodile[5]
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.1 5 May 2019[6] 5.1.21[7] Greg Kroah-Hartman July 2019[7]
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.2 7 July 2019[8] 5.2.20[9] Greg Kroah-Hartman October 2019[9] 5.2-rc2 is named Golden Lions[10][11]

5.2 is named Bobtail Squid[12]

Old version, no longer maintained: 5.3 15 September 2019[13] 5.3.18[14] Greg Kroah-Hartman December 2019[14]
Old version, yet still maintained: 5.4 24 November 2019[15] 5.4.101[16] Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[17] December 2025[17] 20th LTS release
5.4-rc2 is named Nesting Opossum[18]

5.4-rc5 is named Kleptomaniac Octopus[19]

Old version, no longer maintained: 5.5 26 January 2020[20] 5.5.19[21] Greg Kroah-Hartman April 2020[21]
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.6 29 March 2020[22] 5.6.19[23] Greg Kroah-Hartman June 2020[23]
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.7 31 May 2020[24] 5.7.19[25] Greg Kroah-Hartman August 2020[25]
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.8 2 August 2020[26] 5.8.18[27] Greg Kroah-Hartman November 2020
Old version, no longer maintained: 5.9 11 October 2020[28] 5.9.16[29] Greg Kroah-Hartman December 2020[29]
Old version, yet still maintained: 5.10 13 December 2020[30] 5.10.19[31] Greg Kroah-Hartman 2022[32][17] 21st LTS release, Used in Debian 11 "Bullseye".[33]
Current stable version: 5.11 14 February 2021[34] Template:Latest stable software release/Linux Greg Kroah-Hartman Named 💕 Valentine's Day Edition 💕[35]
Latest preview version of a future release: 5.12 Not yet released Template:Latest preview software release/Linux Linus Torvalds Named Frozen Wasteland[36][37]
Legend:
Old version, not maintained
Old version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Releases 4.x.y

Version Original release date Current version Maintainer EOL Notes
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.0 12 April 2015[38] 4.0.9[39] Greg Kroah-Hartman July 2015[40] Named Hurr durr I'ma sheep[41] (Internet poll)
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.1 22 June 2015[42] 4.1.52[43] Sasha Levin[17][44] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman)[45] May 2018[17][42] 4.1.1 was named Series 4800[46]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.2 30 August 2015[47] 4.2.8[48] Greg Kroah-Hartman December 2015[48] Canonical provided extended support until July 2016.[49][50]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.3 1 November 2015[51] 4.3.6[52] Greg Kroah-Hartman February 2016[53] Named Blurry Fish Butt[54][55]
Old version, yet still maintained: 4.4 10 January 2016[56] 4.4.258[57] Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[17] February 2022[17][58] 16th LTS release, used in Slackware 14.2. [59]Canonical will provide extended support until April 2021.[60] As the first kernel selected for Super Long Term Support (SLTS), the Civil Infrastructure Platform will provide support until at least 2026, possibly until 2036.[2]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.5 13 March 2016[61] 4.5.7[62] Greg Kroah-Hartman June 2016[63]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.6 15 May 2016[64] 4.6.7[65] Greg Kroah-Hartman August 2016[65] Named Charred Weasel[66]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.7 24 July 2016[67] 4.7.10[68] Greg Kroah-Hartman October 2016[68] Named Psychotic Stoned Sheep[69]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.8 25 September 2016[70] 4.8.17[71] Greg Kroah-Hartman January 2017[71]
Old version, yet still maintained: 4.9 11 December 2016[72] 4.9.258[73] Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[17] January 2023[17][74] 17th LTS release. Used in Debian 9 "Stretch".[75] Named Roaring Lionus[76][77]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.10 19 February 2017[78] 4.10.17[79] Greg Kroah-Hartman May 2017[79] 4.10-rc5 was named Anniversary Edition[80]

4.10-rc6 was named Fearless Coyote[81]

Old version, no longer maintained: 4.11 30 April 2017[82] 4.11.12[83] Greg Kroah-Hartman July 2017[83]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.12 2 July 2017[84] 4.12.14[85] Greg Kroah-Hartman September 2017[85]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.13 3 September 2017[86] 4.13.16[87] Greg Kroah-Hartman November 2017[87]
Old version, yet still maintained: 4.14 12 November 2017[88] 4.14.222[89] Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[17] January 2024[17][90] 18th LTS release
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.15 28 January 2018[91] 4.15.18[92] Greg Kroah-Hartman April 2018[92]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.16 1 April 2018[93] 4.16.18[94] Greg Kroah-Hartman June 2018[94]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.17 3 June 2018[95] 4.17.19[96] Greg Kroah-Hartman August 2018[96] Named Merciless Moray[97]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.18 12 August 2018[98] 4.18.20[99] Greg Kroah-Hartman November 2018[99]
Old version, yet still maintained: 4.19 22 October 2018[100] 4.19.177[101] Greg Kroah-Hartman & Sasha Levin[17] December 2024[17][102] 19th LTS release. Used in Debian 10 "Buster".[103] Second SLTS release with support for ARM64 platform.[104] Named "People's Front"[105]
Old version, no longer maintained: 4.20 23 December 2018[106] 4.20.17[107] Greg Kroah-Hartman March 2019[107] Named Shy Crocodile[108]
Legend:
Old version, not maintained
Old version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Releases 3.x.y

The jump from 2.6.x to 3.x wasn't because of a breaking update, but rather the first release of a new versioning scheme introduced as a more convenient system.[109]

Version Original release date Current version Maintainer EOL Notes
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.0 21 July 2011[109] 3.0.101[110] Greg Kroah-Hartman[111] October 2013[110][111] 7th LTS release
Named Sneaky Weasel[112][113]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.1 24 October 2011[114] 3.1.10[115] Greg Kroah-Hartman January 2012[115] provided the base for real-time tree
3.1-rc2 was named Wet Seal
3.1 was named Divemaster Edition[116] (Linus' diving activities)
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.2 4 January 2012[117] 3.2.102[118] Ben Hutchings[17][119] May 2018[120] 8th LTS release, used in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS[121] and optionally in 12.04 ESM,[122] Debian 7 "Wheezy" and Slackware 14.0.[17][119] Canonical promised to (at least) provide long-term support until April 2017;[49] Support has continued for months after.

3.2 to 3.5 was named Saber-toothed Squirrel[123]

Old version, no longer maintained: 3.3 18 March 2012[124] 3.3.8[125] Greg Kroah-Hartman June 2012[125]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.4 20 May 2012[126][127] 3.4.113[128] Li Zefan[17][129] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman) October 2016[130] 9th LTS release
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.5 21 July 2012[131] 3.5.7[132] Greg Kroah-Hartman October 2012[132] Canonical provided extended support until April 2014.[49][133]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.6 30 September 2012[134] 3.6.11[135] Greg Kroah-Hartman December 2012[135] Named Terrified Chipmunk[136][137]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.7 10 December 2012[138] 3.7.10[139] Greg Kroah-Hartman March 2013[139][140]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.8 18 February 2013[141] 3.8.13[142] Greg Kroah-Hartman May 2013[142] Canonical provided extended support until August 2014.[49][143]

Named Unicycling Gorilla[144][145]
3.8.5 was named Displaced Humerus Anterior[146]

Old version, no longer maintained: 3.9 28 April 2013[147] 3.9.11[148] Greg Kroah-Hartman July 2013[148] 3.9.6 was named Black Squirrel Wakeup Call[149]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.10 30 June 2013[150] 3.10.108[151] Willy Tarreau[17][152] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman) November 2017[151] 10th LTS release,
3.10.6 was named TOSSUG Baby Fish[153][154][155][156] used in Slackware 14.1 [157]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.11 2 September 2013[158] 3.11.10[159] Greg Kroah-Hartman November 2013[159] Canonical provided extended support until August 2014.[49]. Named Linux for Workgroups after the 20 years of Windows 3.11[160]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.12 3 November 2013[161] 3.12.74[162] Jiří Slabý[17][163] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman) May 2017[163][162] 11th LTS release, named Suicidal Squirrel[164]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.13 19 January 2014[165] 3.13.11[166] Greg Kroah-Hartman April 2014[166] Canonical provided extended support until April 2016.[49][167] Named One Giant Leap for Frogkind[168] (NASA LADEE launch photo)[169]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.14 30 March 2014[170] 3.14.79[171] Greg Kroah-Hartman[17] August 2016[171] 12th LTS release, named Shuffling Zombie Juror[172]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.15 8 June 2014[173] 3.15.10[174] Greg Kroah-Hartman August 2014[174]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.16 3 August 2014[175] 3.16.85[176] Ben Hutchings[17][177] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman) Maintained until October 2014, then May 2016 to June 2020[176][17][178] 13th LTS release. Was used in Debian 8 "Jessie".[179] Canonical provided extended support until April 2016.[49][180]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.17 5 October 2014[181] 3.17.8[182] Greg Kroah-Hartman January 2015[182]
Old version, no longer maintained: 3.18 7 December 2014[183] 3.18.140[184] Greg Kroah-Hartman[185] (formerly Sasha Levin[186]) (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman) January 2017[187] 14th LTS release, named Diseased Newt[188]

Hartman stated that he will release irregular updates to the 3.18 tree.[189] Starting with 3.18.140, this version will no longer be maintained on kernel.org, but on AOSP

Old version, no longer maintained: 3.19 8 February 2015[190] 3.19.8[191] Greg Kroah-Hartman May 2015[191] Canonical provided extended support until July 2016.[49][192]
Legend:
Old version
Old version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Releases 2.6.x.y

Versions 2.6.16 and 2.6.27 of the Linux kernel were unofficially supported in a long-term support (LTS) fashion,[193] before a 2011 working group in the Linux Foundation started a formal long-term support initiative.[194][195]

Version Original release date Current version Maintainer EOL Notes
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6 17 December 2003[196] 2.6.10[197] Linus Torvalds December 2004[197] 2.6.2—2.6.4 was named Feisty Dunnart[198]

2.6.5—2.6.9 was named Zonked Quokka[199]

Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.11 2 March 2005[200] 2.6.11.12[201] Greg Kroah-Hartman June 2005[201] Named Woozy Numbat[202][203]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.12 18 June 2005[204] 2.6.12.6[205][206] Greg Kroah-Hartman August 2005[205]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.13 28 August 2005[207] 2.6.13.5[208] Greg Kroah-Hartman December 2005[208]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.14 27 October 2005[209] 2.6.14.7[210] Greg Kroah-Hartman January 2006[210] Named Affluent Albatross[211]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.15 2 January 2006[212] 2.6.15.7[213] Greg Kroah-Hartman May 2006[213] Named Sliding Snow Leopard[214]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.16 20 March 2006[215] 2.6.16.62[216] Adrian Bunk[217] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman)[218] July 2008[219][216] 1st LTS release
2.6.16.28-rc2 was named Stable Penguin
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.17 17 June 2006[220] 2.6.17.14[221] Greg Kroah-Hartman October 2006[221] 2.6.17-rc5 was named Lordi Rules[222] (Eurovision 2006 winners)[223]

2.6.17-rc6—2.6.17 was named Crazed Snow-Weasel[224]

Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.18 20 September 2006[225] 2.6.18.8[226] Greg Kroah-Hartman February 2007[226] Named Avast! A bilge rat! (TLAPD 2006)[227]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.19 29 November 2006[228] 2.6.19.7[229] Greg Kroah-Hartman March 2007[229]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.20 4 February 2007[230] 2.6.20.21[231] Greg Kroah-Hartman October 2007[231] Named Homicidal Dwarf Hamster[232][233]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.21 25 April 2007[234] 2.6.21.7[235] Greg Kroah-Hartman August 2007[235] Named Nocturnal Monster Puppy[236]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.22 8 July 2007[237] 2.6.22.19[238] Greg Kroah-Hartman February 2008[238] 2.6.22-rc3—2.6.22-rc4 was named Jeff Thinks I Should Change This, But To What?

2.6.22-rc5—2.6.22 was named Holy Dancing Manatees, Batman![239]

Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.23 9 October 2007[240] 2.6.23.17[241] Greg Kroah-Hartman February 2008[241] 2.6.23-rc4—2.6.23-rc6 was named Pink Farting Weasel[242]

2.6.23-rc7—2.6.23—2.6.24 was named Arr Matey! A Hairy Bilge Rat![243] (TLAPD 2007)
2.6.24.1 was named Err Metey! A Heury Beelge-a Ret![244]

Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.24 24 January 2008[245] 2.6.24.7[246] Greg Kroah-Hartman May 2008[246]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.25 16 April 2008[247] 2.6.25.20[248] Greg Kroah-Hartman November 2008[248] Named Funky Weasel is Jiggy wit it[249]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.26 13 July 2008[250] 2.6.26.8[251] Greg Kroah-Hartman November 2008[251] 2.6.26—2.6.27 was named Rotary Wombat[252]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.27 9 October 2008[253] 2.6.27.62[254] Willy Tarreau[255] (formerly Adrian Bunk,[256] and formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman) March 2012[256] 2nd LTS release
2.6.27.3 was named Trembling Tortoise[257]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.28 24 December 2008[258] 2.6.28.10[259] Greg Kroah-Hartman May 2009[259] 2.6.28-rc1—2.6.28-rc6 was named Killer Bat of Doom[260][261]

2.6.28 was named Erotic Pickled Herring[262]

Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.29 23 March 2009[263] 2.6.29.6[264] Greg Kroah-Hartman July 2009[264] Named Temporary Tasmanian Devil[265][266]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.30 9 June 2009[267] 2.6.30.9[268] Greg Kroah-Hartman October 2009[268] 2.6.30-rc4—2.6.30-rc6 was named

Vindictive Armadillo[269][270]
Releases between 2.6 and 2.9 were named 2.Man-Eating Seals of Antiquity[271]

Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.31 9 September 2009[272] 2.6.31.14[273] Greg Kroah-Hartman July 2010[273]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.32 2 December 2009[274] 2.6.32.71[275] Willy Tarreau[17][276] (formerly Greg Kroah-Hartman)[218][277] March 2016[17] 3rd LTS release, used in Debian 6 Squeeze.[278] Canonical also provided support until April 2015.[49]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.33 24 February 2010[279] 2.6.33.20[280] Greg Kroah-Hartman[281] November 2011[280] 4th LTS release. It was the base for real-time-tree, replaced by 3.0.x.[281]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.34 16 May 2010[282] 2.6.34.15[283] Paul Gortmaker[284] February 2014[283][284] 5th LTS release
It was named Sheep on Meth[285][286]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.35 1 August 2010[287] 2.6.35.14[288] Andi Kleen[289] March 2012[289] 6th LTS release
2.6.35.7 was named Yokohama
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.36 20 October 2010[290] 2.6.36.4[291] Greg Kroah-Hartman February 2011[291] named Flesh-Eating Bats with Fangs[292]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.37 4 January 2011[293] 2.6.37.6[294] Greg Kroah-Hartman March 2011[294]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.38 14 March 2011[295] 2.6.38.8[296] Greg Kroah-Hartman June 2011[296]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.6.39 18 May 2011[297] 2.6.39.4[298] Greg Kroah-Hartman August 2011[298] last stable release of the 2.6 kernel series
Legend:
Old version
Old version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Releases before 2.6.0

Version Original release date Current version Maintainer EOL Notes
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.01 17 September 1991 0.03 Linus Torvalds EOL
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.02 5 October 1991 Linus Torvalds EOL first "usable"; for wider distribution[299]
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.10 November 1991 0.12 Linus Torvalds EOL
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.95 8 March 1992 0.95c+[300] Linus Torvalds EOL
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.96 22 May 1992 0.96c.2[301] Linus Torvalds EOL
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.97 1 August 1992 0.97.6[302] Linus Torvalds EOL
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.98 29 September 1992 0.98.6[303] Linus Torvalds EOL
Old version, no longer maintained: 0.99 13 December 1992 0.99.15j[304] Linus Torvalds EOL The Linux 0.99 tar.bz2 archive grew from 426 kB to 1009 kB on the way to 1.0.
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.0 14 March 1994 1.0.9 Linus Torvalds EOL
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.1 6 April 1994 1.1.95 Linus Torvalds EOL
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.2 7 March 1995 1.2.13 Linus Torvalds EOL Linux '95[305]
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.3 12 June 1995 1.3.100[306] Linus Torvalds EOL Greased Weasel[307]
Old version, no longer maintained: pre2.0 12 May 1996 pre2.0.14 Linus Torvalds EOL
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.0 9 June 1996[308] 2.0.40[309] David Weinehall officially made obsolete with the kernel 2.2.0 release[310]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.2 26 January 1999[311] 2.2.26[312] Marc-Christian Petersen (formerly Alan Cox) Made unofficially obsolete with the 2.2.27-rc2[313][314][315] Named Brown Paper Bag[316]
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.4 4 January 2001[317] 2.4.37.11[318] Willy Tarreau (formerly Marcelo Tosatti) December 2011[318] Named Greased Turkey[319]
last stable release of the 2.4 kernel series.
Legend:
Old version
Old version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b "Kernel Maintenance". Linux Foundation Wiki.
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  5. ^ "kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git - Linux kernel source tree". git.kernel.org. 25 November 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
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