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Leader 

Acclimatization (/ə.ˌklaɪ.mə.tə.ˈzeɪ.ʃən/) is the process by which an organism adjusts to a change in its environmental conditions in order to maintain performance[source]. Organisms can acclimatize to a variety of environmental changes — altitude, temperature, humidity, photoperiod, and pH —using biochemical, morphological, and behavioural methods. Acclimatization occurs over a short period of time (hours to weeks) and also occurs within an organism's lifespan (this is in contrast to adaptation, which is a change that takes place over many generations). Furthermore, acclimatization may be a discrete occurrence (like when mountaineers acclimatize to high altitudes) or may instead be part of a periodic cycle (such as mammals shedding heavy winter fur in favor of a lighter summer coat).[1] While the capacity to acclimatize to novel environments is well documented in thousands of species, researchers still know very little about how and why organisms acclimatize the way that they do[source].


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Terminology

In general vocabulary, the nouns acclimatization and acclimation — and the corresponding verbs acclimatize and acclimate — are widely regarded as synonymous. [2][3][4][5][6][7] It has sometimes been asserted that they should be differentiated by reserving acclimatization for a wild/natural process (e.g., shedding heavy winter fur with natural seasonal change) and reserving acclimation for changes occurring in response to an artificial or controlled situation, such as changes in temperature imposed in an experiment. This assertion is not widely known or followed (as the foregoing citations of 6 major dictionaries show), so writers who intend it must explicitly state that it applies within their usage (for example, "in the following discussion, X refers strictly to Y") if they expect their intended meaning to be received by their audience.

Medical Use

In a medical context — as in general vocabulary — acclimatization and acclimation are used synonymously. (add an example from source)[6][7]

Physiological Use

In Physiology, [Acclimatization v. Acclimation]. (add an example from source)

Ecological Use

In Ecology, acclimatization (or species acclimatization) describes the systematic introduction of organisms to a new region. (add an example from source) [8]


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Medical Definition vs. Physiological Definition

Types

Altitude

Changes in response to altitude are a "truer" form of acclimatization in the sense that it fits both the general and physiological definitions.

Temperature

Heat acclimatization [9]

Humidity

Photoperiod

pH

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Humans

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Applications

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See Also


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References

  1. ^ (2009) “Acclimatisation” (n.d.) The Unabridged Hutchinson Encyclopedia Retrieved November 5 2009 from http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/acclimatization
  2. ^ Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford Dictionaries Online, Oxford University Press.
  3. ^ Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Merriam-Webster.
  4. ^ Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, Merriam-Webster.
  5. ^ Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, archived from the original on 2015-09-25, retrieved 2017-01-31.
  6. ^ a b Elsevier, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, Elsevier.
  7. ^ a b Wolters Kluwer, Stedman's Medical Dictionary, Wolters Kluwer.
  8. ^ Minard, Pete (2019). All Things Harmless, Useful, and Ornamental: Environmental Transformation Through Species Acclimatization, From Colonial Australia to the World. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 7–22. ISBN 9781469651606.
  9. ^ Piantadosi, Claude (2003). The Biology of Human Survival : Life and Death in Extreme Environments. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195165012.

Further Reading