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21st Chess Olympiad

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Official logo of the Olympiad.

The 21st Chess Olympiad, organized by FIDE and comprising an open[1] team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between June 6 and June 30, 1974, in Nice, France.

Bobby Fischer was still the reigning World Champion, but had not played a single game of tournament chess since he won the title in 1972 and was not present in Nice either. However, the American team still managed to secure third place in his absence.

For the same reason, for the second time in a row, the Soviet team was not led by the current world champion. It did, however, feature three previous (Tal, Petrosian, and Spassky) as well as one future champion (Karpov). The team won by 8½ points, the biggest victory margin yet, and took home their twelfth consecutive gold medals, with Yugoslavia and the United States taking the silver and bronze, respectively.

With a complete lack of tension in the championship race, the tournament had more than its share of political tension. In Final B, the Tunisian team refused to play Israel, so the score was computed according to Elo ratings, and awarded as a 3–1 win for the Israeli team.

Due to their apartheid policies, both South Africa and Rhodesia were expelled from FIDE with three rounds to go. The South African team withdrew from the tournament, and their Final C results were deleted from the overall standings. After FIDE president Max Euwe failed to have Rhodesia ejected from the Olympiad, they were allowed to finish the tournament and won Final E, with help from default victories against Iraq and Algeria who refused to play them in protest.

Results

Preliminaries

A total of 74 teams were divided into eight preliminary groups of nine or ten teams each, from which the top two advanced to Final A, no. 3-4 to Final B, etc. Preliminary head-to-head results were carried over to the finals, so no team met any other team more than once. All preliminary groups and finals were played as round-robin tournaments.

The results were as follows:

  • Group 1:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + − = Points
«A»  Soviet Union - 4 3½ 3 3 3½ 4 4 4 8 0 0 29
«A»  Wales 0 - 2½ 2½ 1½ 3 4 3½ 4 6 2 0 21
«B»  Scotland ½ 1½ - 2 2½ 3 3½ 4 4 5 2 1 21
«B»  Poland 1 1½ 2 - 2½ 2½ 2½ 4 4 5 2 1 20
«C»  Brazil 1 2½ 1½ 1½ - 2½ 2½ 3½ 4 5 3 0 19
«C»  Mongolia ½ 1 1 1½ 1½ - 3 3 3½ 3 5 0 15
«D»  Puerto Rico 0 0 ½ 1½ 1½ 1 - 3 3½ 2 6 0 11
«D»  Jordan 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 1 - 2 0 7 1 5
«E»  Netherlands Antilles 0 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 2 - 0 7 1 3
  • Group 2:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + − = Points
«A»  United States - 3 4 2 2 3½ 4 4 4 6 0 2 26½
«A»  England 1 - 2½ 3 3 4 3½ 4 3½ 7 1 0 24½
«B»  Denmark 0 1½ - 3½ 3 3½ 3 2½ 3½ 6 2 0 20½
«B»  Canada 2 1 ½ - 1½ 2½ 4 4 4 4 3 1 20½
«C»  Australia 2 1 1 2½ - 2½ 4 3½ 3 5 2 1 19½
«C»  Ecuador ½ 0 ½ ½ 1½ - 2 3 3 2 5 1 11
«D»  Luxembourg 0 ½ 1 0 0 2 - 1½ 3 1 6 1 8
«D»  Panama 0 0 1½ 0 ½ 1 2½ - 2 1 6 1 7½
«E»  Rhodesia 0 ½ ½ 0 1 1 1 2 - 0 7 1 6
  • Group 3:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + − = Points
«A»  Yugoslavia - 2 2½ 3 3½ 2½ 4 4 4 7 0 1 25½
«A»  Finland 2 - 1½ 2 4 4 2½ 4 3 5 1 2 23
«B»  Cuba 1½ 2½ - 1 2 4 3½ 4 4 5 2 1 22½
«B»  Italy 1 2 3 - 1 3 2½ 3½ 3 5 2 1 19
«C»  Iran ½ 0 2 3 - 2½ 2 3 3 4 2 2 16
«C»  Venezuela 1½ 0 0 1 1½ - 2½ 2 4 2 5 1 12½
«D»  Pakistan 0 1½ ½ 1½ 2 1½ - 3 2 1 5 2 12
«D»  Uruguay 0 0 0 ½ 1 2 1 - 3 1 6 1 7½
«E»  Iraq 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 - 0 7 1 6
  • Group 4:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 + − = Points
«A»  Hungary - 2½ 3 3½ 4 4 3½ 4 4 8 0 0 28½
«A»  Spain 1½ - 2 2 3 3 3½ 3½ 4 5 1 2 22½
«B»  Belgium 1 2 - 2½ 2½ 2½ 3½ 2½ 2½ 6 1 1 19
«B»  Tunisia ½ 2 1½ - 2 2½ 3 3½ 2½ 4 2 2 17½
«C»  Chile 0 1 1½ 2 - 2 4 3 3½ 4 3 3 2 17
«C»  Syria 0 1 1½ 1½ 2 - 1 3½ 3 2 5 1 13½
«D»  Malta ½ ½ ½ 1 0 3 - 2½ 3 3 5 0 11
«D»  Malaysia 0 ½ 1½ ½ 1 ½ 1½ - 2½ 1 7 0 8
«E»  Japan 0 0 1½ 1½ ½ 1 1 1½ - 0 8 0 7
 Nicaragua 0 -
  • Only two players from the Nicaraguan team arrived in Nice, and after the team were forced to forfeit their first match against Chile, Nicaragua withdrew from the tournament. The forfeit was deleted from the Group 4 standings.
  • Group 5:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + − = Points
«A»  West Germany - 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 7 0 1 27
«A»  Sweden 2 - 1½ 3 2 3½ 4 4 3 5 1 2 24
«B»  Iceland 1 2½ - 3 1½ 3 3½ 4 2½ 6 2 0 21
«B»  Portugal 0 1 1 - 3½ 2½ 4 4 4 5 3 0 20
«C» South Africa South Africa 1 2 2½ ½ - 2 3 4 4 4 2 2 19
«C»  Ireland 1 ½ 1 1½ 2 - 3 3 3 3 4 1 15
«D»  Hong Kong 0 0 ½ 0 1 1 - 3 3 2 6 0 8½
«D»  Guernsey 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 - 3 1 7 0 5
«E»  Trinidad and Tobago 0 0 1½ 0 0 1 1 1 - 0 8 0 4½
  • Group 6:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + − = Points
«A»  Czechoslovakia - 2 3½ 3 4 4 4 4 4 7 0 1 28½
«A»  Romania 2 - 2½ 3 3 3 4 3½ 4 7 0 1 25
«B»  Norway ½ 1½ - 2½ 3½ 4 3 3½ 4 6 2 0 22½
«B»  Colombia 1 1 1½ - 2 2½ 3½ 4 4 4 3 1 19½
«C»  New Zealand 0 1 ½ 2 - 1 2 3 4 2 4 2 13½
«C»  Singapore 0 1 0 1½ 3 - 1½ 1 3½ 2 6 0 11½
«D»  Lebanon 0 0 1 ½ 2 2½ - 2 3 2 4 2 11
«D»  Monaco 0 ½ ½ 0 1 3 2 - 2 1 5 2 9
«E»  Andorra 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 1 2 - 0 7 1 3½
  • Group 7:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 + − = Points
«A»  Bulgaria - 3 2 1½ 2 3 3½ 4 4 4 6 1 2 27
«A»  Philippines 1 - 2 2½ 2½ 3½ 3½ 3½ 4 4 7 1 1 26½
«B»  Israel 2 2 - 3 2½ 2½ 2 3½ 4 3 6 0 3 24½
«B»  France 2½ 1½ 1 - 2½ 3½ 3½ 3 3 3½ 7 2 0 24
«C»  Indonesia 2 1½ 1½ 1½ - 3 3 2½ 3½ 4 5 3 1 22½
«C»  Turkey 1 ½ 1½ ½ 1 - 1½ 4 4 3 3 6 0 17
«D»  Dominican Republic ½ ½ 2 ½ 1 2½ - 3 2 4 3 4 2 16
«D»  Faroe Islands 0 ½ ½ 1 1½ 0 1 - 2½ 2½ 2 7 0 9½
«E»  Cyprus 0 0 0 1 ½ 0 2 1½ - 3½ 1 7 1 8½
«E»  British Virgin Islands 0 0 1 ½ 0 1 0 1½ ½ - 0 9 0 4½
  • Group 8:
№ Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + − = Points
«A»  Netherlands - 3 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 7 1 0 26
«A»  Argentina 1 - 3 3 3½ 3½ 4 4 4 7 1 0 26
«B»  Austria 3 1 - 2 3 3½ 3 4 4 6 1 1 23½
«B»  Switzerland 1 1 2 - 2½ 3 3½ 3 4 5 2 1 20
«C»  Greece 0 ½ 1 1½ - 2½ 4 4 3 4 4 0 16½
«C»  Mexico 1 ½ ½ 1 1½ - 3 4 4 3 5 0 15½
«D»  Morocco 0 0 1 ½ 0 1 - 4 4 2 6 0 10½
«D»  United States Virgin Islands 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 - 2 0 7 1 3
«E»  Bahamas 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 - 0 7 1 3

Finals

Final A
# Country Players Average
rating		 Points MP
1  Soviet Union Karpov, Korchnoi, Spassky, Petrosian, Tal, Kuzmin 2665 46
2  Yugoslavia Gligorić, Ljubojević, Ivkov, Planinc, Velimirović, Parma 2566 37½
3  United States Kavalek, Byrne, Browne, Reshevsky, Lombardy, Tarjan 2586 36½ 22
4  Bulgaria Radulov, Padevsky, Tringov, Popov, Spasov, Kirov 2475 36½ 21
5  Netherlands Timman, Donner, Sosonko, Ree, Enklaar, Kuijpers 2478 35½
6  Hungary Portisch, Bilek, Csom, Ribli, Forintos, Sax 2554 35
7  West Germany Schmid, Unzicker, Pfleger, Hecht, Dueball, Kestler 2534 32
8  Romania Gheorghiu, Ciocâltea, Ghițescu, Ghizdavu, Partoş, Pavlov 2468 29½ 16
9  Czechoslovakia Hort, Jansa, Filip, Přibyl, Plachetka, Lechtýnský 2521 29½ 14
10  England Hartston, Keene, Penrose, Whiteley, Stean, Markland 2456 26
11  Philippines Torre, Cardoso, Naranja, Balinas, Lontoc, Bordonada 2358 25½ 12
12  Spain Pomar, Torán, Calvo, Bellón López, Visier Segovia, Sanz 2428 25½ 11
13  Sweden Andersson, Ornstein, Jansson, Liljedahl, Uddenfeldt, Kinnmark 2448 25
14  Argentina Quinteros, Sanguineti, Najdorf, Rubinetti, Szmetan, Debarnot 2491 23½
15  Finland Westerinen, Poutiainen, Rantanen, Hurme, Venäläinen, Raaste 2319 22
16  Wales Williams, Hutchings, Jones, Cooper, Sully, Trevelyan 2285 14½
Final B
# Country Players Average
rating		 Points MP
17  Israel Liberzon, Kraidman, Czerniak, Kagan, Bleiman, Radashkovich 2465 40½
18  Austria Robatsch, Dückstein, Prameshuber, Janetschek, Röhrl, Stoppel 2388 38½
19  Italy Mariotti, Tatai, Tóth, Cosulich, Zichichi, Cappello 2428 38
20  Colombia Castro, Cuartas, Alzate, García, de Greiff, Silva 2354 32½
21  Norway Øgaard, Johannessen, Zwaig, Hoen, Ulrichsen, Moen 2410 32 19
22  Iceland Ólafsson, Sigurjónsson, Jóhannsson, Kristinsson, Ásmundsson, Víglundsson 2456 32 18
23  Poland Schmidt, Doda, Pytel, Kostro, Adamski, Pokojowczyk 2430 32 17
24  Canada Suttles, Biyiasas, Yanofsky, Kuprejanov, Day, Piasetski 2419 31 18
25  Cuba García González, García Martínez, Rodríguez Cordoba, Jiménez, Estévez Morales, Rodríguez Céspedes 2423 31 15
26  Denmark Andersen, Rath, Moe, Iskov, Kølbæk, Jacobsen 2405 31 14
27  Switzerland Hug, Lombard, Schaufelberger, Wirthensohn, Gereben, Ott 2380 29
28  France Maclès, Todorcevic, Seret, Puhm, Bessenay, Benoît 2381 27½
29  Scotland Pritchett, McKay, Levy, Jamieson, Bonner, Young 2319 25½
30  Belgium Boey, Van Seters, Beyen, Bonne, De Bruycker, Wostyn 2323 23½
31  Portugal Durão, Silva, Cordovil, Ribeiro, Santos L., Santos J. P. 2306 19½
32  Tunisia Bouaziz, Belkadi, Tabbane, Teboudi K., Najar C., Graa 2200 17½
Final C
# Country Players Average
rating		 Points MP
33  Australia Jamieson, Fuller, Shaw, Woodhams, Pope, Purdy 2286 39
34  Iran Harandi, Sharif, Shirazi, Sawadkuhi, Shahsavar, Safarzadeh 2320 34½
35  Brazil Mecking, Câmara, van Riemsdijk, Segal, Nóbrega, Toth 2424 32½
36  Mongolia Lhagva, Ujtumen, Myagmarsuren, Gungabazar, Tumurbator, Purevzhav 2364 31½
37  Ireland McGrillen, Littleton, Cox, Henry, Heidenfeld, Cassidy 2245 30½
38  Chile Sánchez, Velasco, Bugueño, Letelier, Grunberg, Ojeda 2384 30 17
39  Indonesia Ardiansyah, Sampouw, Suwuh, Bessaria, Sinulingga, Damanik 2249 30 14
40  Greece Makropoulos, Skalkotas, Trikaliotis, Vizantiadis, Tsouros, Gavrilakis 2263 27½ 16
41  Mexico Campos López, Frey, Escondrillas, Ramírez, Lara, Ocampo 2283 27½ 14
42  Turkey Onat, Pekün, Bilyap, Olgaç, Erözbek, Süer 2265 27
43  Singapore Pang Kwok Leong, Leow, Lee Chee Seng, Choong Liong On, Lim Kok Ann, Chia 2219 25
44  Venezuela Cherem, Gamboa, Sánchez, Caro, Mijares, Guerra 2203 24½
45  New Zealand Fairhurst, Sarapu, Garbett, Green, Stuart, Kerr 2230 22½
46  Ecuador Yépez, Idrovo, Camatón, Verduga, Galarza, Dillon 2213 22
47  Syria Rifai S., Kassabe, Tabba, Arik A., Albaba M., Kabbani M. 2200 16
WD South Africa South Africa[2] Friedgood, Kroon, Korostenski, de Villiers, Bloch, Aalbersberg 2228 -
Final D
# Country Players Average
rating		 Points MP
48  Pakistan Butt, Farooqui, Ahmad N., Ahmad I., Mir, Ali 2200 49½
49  Puerto Rico Torres, Moraza Choisme, Colón Romero A., Freyre, Bird Picó, Falcón 2203 44½
50  Dominican Republic Delgado, Gonzáles, Juliao, Pérez, Pérez Nivar, Yabra 2200 43½
51  Luxembourg Feller, Milbers, Peters, Schammo, Schneider, Philippe 2201 38½
52  Lebanon Tarazi, Daoud, Thomas, Loheac-Ammoun, Sursock, Bedrossian 2206 35 20
53  Uruguay Lamas Baliero, Bademian Orchanian, Ricetto, Pastori, Maiztegui Casas, Israel Catán 2200 35 17
54  Panama Ramón Martínez, Fabrega, Cuéllar, Moreno Merediz, Lombana, Denis 2200 33
55  Monaco Tasic, Brodeur, Scharf, Kostjoerin, Martelli R., Angles d'Auriac 2200 29½
56  Malta Camilleri, Attard, Gouder, Cilia Vincenti, Casha, Soler 2206 29
57  Hong Kong Kan Wai Shui, Hasan, Ko Chi, Krouk, Sin Kuen, Smith M. 2240 27½ 13
58  Faroe Islands Apol, Petersen, Midjord, Olsen, Thomsen, Ziska 2200 27½ 12
59  Malaysia Chan Mun Fye, Foo Lum Choon, Choo Min Wang, Wahid, Jamaluddin, Ng 2200 24½
60  Morocco Bakali, Nejjar, Sbia, Iraqui, Meftouh, Dakka 2200 21½
61  Jordan Al-Mallah, Arafat, Hamam, Sanoseyan, Baslan M., Haddad 2200 17½
62  Guernsey Palmer, Withers, Moriarty, Gavey, Savident, Knight 2200 12 2
63  United States Virgin Islands Abraham, Purington, Reussner, Scherman A., Scherman N., Fyfe-Reussner, Bushnaq[3] 2200 12 2
Final E
# Country Players Average
rating		 Points
64  Rhodesia Donnely, Fox, Barlow, Levy, Hillmann, Hope M. 2200 28½
65  Iraq Al-Shakarchi, Mubarak, Al-Kazzaz R. K., Taha, Muhsin F., Subbar 2200 24½
66  Netherlands Antilles Weiland, Zalm, Van Loon, Fernán, Croes, Rigaud O. W. 2200 21½
67  Japan Gonda, Naito, Hamada, Arita, Tatsutomi, Seki 2200 20½
68  Cyprus Riza, Scoatarin, Vassiades, Hadjittofis, Kleopas, Hadjiyiannis 2200 19
69  Trinidad and Tobago Mohipp A., Brassington F., Ramon-Fortune, Sears, Lee, Poon A. C. 2200 18
70  Algeria Chaabi, Bouzida M., Baghli, Hanni F. 2200 17
71  Andorra Gómez Abad, Sanz, De la Casa, Iglesias, Pantebre Martínez, Fité Barris 2200 13
72  Bahamas Antonas, Thompson, Rolle, Adderley, Ramcharran, Ingraham 2200 11
73  British Virgin Islands Hook, Van Dyke B., Green S. L., Pickering, Downing, Van Dyke 2200 8½

Individual medals

References

  1. ^ Although commonly referred to as the men's division, this section is open to both male and female players.
  2. ^ The South African team was expelled from FIDE with three rounds remaining. Their matches were deleted from the overall standings.
  3. ^ Mrs. Karen Fyfe-Reussner and Mrs. Renata Bushnaq were allowed to enter the competition due to lack of a few players from basic squad. Bahamas, who were relegated to final E claimed this violated the rules stating no further alterations are possible after deadline. Apparently no one cared.
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