Jump to content

User:HeeHawMama/sandbox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
< User:HeeHawMama

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by HeeHawMama (talk | contribs) at 19:48, 24 April 2021 (First drafts of grief vampire update links). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Adding this to several Medium pages: https://skepticalinquirer.org/exclusive/grief-vampires-an-update/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyler_Henry

Critical analysis

It is the opinion of scientific skeptics that mediumship is a con, and that Henry is no exception.[1][2][3] As such, skeptical activists and others concerned with Henry's rise in popularity have actively attempted to counter the public perception that what Henry claims to do reflects reality:

  • Gerbic, a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, has dismissed Henry as one of many "grief vampires" who have gained recent cultural notoriety, and she is particularly critical of Henry's stated aspiration of offering counseling to parents who have lost children to suicide,[4] a practice Gerbic describes as "prey[ing] on families when they are the most desperate and vulnerable."[5] Gerbic describes the performances as "a fabric of lies," saying that people like Henry "prey on the poor and disaffected."[6] As of February 2018 she has published seven articles detailing how she believes Henry's feats are actually accomplished.[5][7][8][9][10][11][12] In March 2018, Gerbic published an article on the Skeptical Inquirer website summarizing a number of techniques which she says are used by psychics, such as Henry, to achieve their effects.[13] Gerbic featured Henry in a review of grief vampires' unimpressive popularity levels, attributing it to a rise in competition from a low barrier to entry and the efforts of Skeptics to expose them.[14]


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa_Caputo

Criticism

Several people have accused her of being a fraud, ranging from television news programs such as Inside Edition[15][16] to print publications such as Wired Magazine.[17] Caputo was described by D. J. Grothe as a charlatan,[18] and James Randi said her claims were not true.[17]

In April 2012, the James Randi Educational Foundation awarded Caputo its Pigasus Award, a tongue-in-cheek award that seeks to expose parapsychological, paranormal or psychic frauds.[19] The James Randi Education Foundation has been critical of Caputo's work.[20]

A newspaper review of Caputo's performances at the NYCB Theatre at Westbury in late 2017 concluded, "For me, this unbelievable experience was simply that: not to be believed. In my humble opinion, Caputo is a damn good performer, and she’s got undeniably likable sass and charisma. I just don’t think she speaks with the dead. Or she didn’t the night that I saw her. But my father probably could have told you that."[21]

Paranormal investigator Massimo Polidoro calls Caputo a "performer" and reports on an investigation done by Inside Edition and mentalist Mark Edward who attended one of her live shows in 2012.[22] In 2013, illusionist Criss Angel, offered Caputo $1 million to prove her claims.[23]

Skeptical activist Susan Gerbic has explained several techniques used by Caputo and other psychics, including requiring audience members to log into social media accounts at shows and observing physical identifications such as tattoos.[24] Gerbic featured Caputo in a review of grief vampires' unimpressive popularity levels, attributing it to a rise in competition from a low barrier to entry and the efforts of Skeptics to expose them. [25]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edward

Veracity of abilities

Critics of Edward assert that he performs the mentalist techniques of hot reading and cold reading, in which one respectively uses prior knowledge or a wide array of quick and sometimes general guesses to create the impression of psychic ability.[26][27][28][29] Choosing the first reading from a two-hour tape of edited shows as a sample, illusionist and skeptic James Randi found that just 3 of 23 statements made by Edward were confirmed as correct by the audience member being read, and the three statements that were correct were also trivial and nondescript.[30] In another incident, Edward was said to have used foreknowledge to hot read in an interview on the television show Dateline.[31] James Underdown of the Independent Investigative Group (IIG) attended a Crossing Over show in November 2002 and said "there were no indications of anyone I saw collecting information... none of his readings contained the kind of specific information that would raise an eyebrow of suspicion. ... John Edward was a bad cold reader. He, too, struggled to get hits, and in one attempt shot off nearly 40 guesses before finding any significant targets."[32]

Underdown also claimed that Edward's apparent accuracy on television may be inflated by the editing process.[27] After watching the broadcast version of the show he had attended and recorded, Underdown attributed a great deal of Edward's accuracy on television to editing and wrote, "Edward's editor fine-tuned many of the dead-ends out of a reading riddled with misses."[32] In 2002, Edward said, "People are in the studio for eight hours, and we have to edit the show for time, not content. We don't try to hide the 'misses'."[33] Edward has denied ever using hot or cold reading techniques.[34]

In March 2018, skeptical activist Susan Gerbic published an article in Skeptical Inquirer summarizing a number of techniques which she says are used by psychics, such as Edward, to achieve their effects.[35] Gerbic featured Edward in a review of grief vampires' unimpressive popularity levels, attributing it to a rise in competition from a low barrier to entry and the efforts of Skeptics to expose them.[36]

In a 2019 segment of Last Week Tonight, Edward and other prominent TV psychics were featured. Several clips of Edward attempting cold reading and failing to get "hits" were included, as well as a clip of Edward telling an audience member, "I can only tell you what they're showing me, and if he's calling your mother a bitch, I'm gonna pass that on." John Oliver criticized the predatory nature of the psychic industry, as well as the media for promoting psychics, because this convinces viewers that psychic powers are real, and so enables neighborhood psychics to prey on grieving families. Oliver said "...when psychic abilities are presented as authentic, it emboldens a vast underworld of unscrupulous vultures, more than happy to make money by offering an open line to the afterlife, as well as many other bullshit services."[37][38][39]

Paranormal study

Gary Schwartz, a psychologist and researcher in the field of parapsychology, designed and administered a series of tests for Edward and several other mediums to investigate their paranormal claims and published his belief that Edward's abilities were genuine in his book The Afterlife Experiments.[40] The study did not undergo scientific peer review, and the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry's Ray Hyman, a psychologist and critic of parapsychology, wrote a detailed critique of Schwartz's methodology and conclusions in a 2003 issue of Skeptical Inquirer.[41] Schwartz responded to the critique,[42] leading Hyman to write a rebuttal.[43]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip_Coffey

Criticism

Coffey has been criticized by scientific skeptics. In 2009, the James Randi Education Foundation awarded Coffey a Pigasus Award "For the psychic who tricked the most people with the least effort".[44] According to skeptical investigator Joe Nickell, Coffey has been accused of hoaxing and "outright deception" involving the television series Paranormal State.[45]

In September 2014, members of the Bay Area Skeptics attended one of Coffey's seance sessions as part of what they termed a "sting operation" intended to reveal the falsity of his psychic claims.[46] According to Ohlone College professor Sheldon Helms, skeptics posing as fans planted stories of fictitious dead family members with Coffey's staff. According to organizer Susan Gerbic, "Coffey claimed to be clearly communicating with our nonexistent family members".[47][48] Gerbic featured Coffey in a review of grief vampires' unimpressive popularity levels, attributing it to a rise in competition from a low barrier to entry and the efforts of Skeptics to expose them.[49]

In October 2013, Coffey appeared on the KFXN-FM morning show The Power Trip. Host Cory Cove confronted Coffey with skepticism regarding his alleged psychic powers. Coffey reportedly "stormed out of the studio".[50]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Fraser_(psychic)

Critical analysis

Live shows

Fraser addressing a row in his audience, January 2018

Critics and the media have attended Fraser's live shows, and reported on the cold reading techniques being used:

  • Paranormal investigator Kenny Biddle wrote: "I watched Fraser ask entire rows of people to stand up at a time then commence throwing out general statements (e.g., I'm seeing a father figure that passed) and waiting for someone in the row to claim it was their relative ... he was actually giving himself a one in twelve chance that someone will be hooked." Biddle also noted that Fraser may playfully scold an audience member if they were not forthcoming with the psychic connection required to continue his routine.[51]
  • Skeptic Susan Gerbic wrote: "The wordplay used by a medium who is cold reading is only something you can understand if you slow it down and replay it. The statements made are usually so general that they would fit most people of a given generation. But the performer adds enough dialog to make it sound really personal and specific to the sitter."[52] Gerbic featured Fraser in a review of grief vampires' unimpressive popularity levels, attributing it to a rise in competition from a low barrier to entry and the efforts of Skeptics to expose them.[53]
  • The New York Times reported: "Fraser was a brilliant performer... It was a classic cold reading, all generalized notions searching for something slightly more specific to move [on] to."[54]
  • Mentalist Mark Edward observed that: "[Fraser] goes to one end and stands just slightly in front of the row, leaning forward so he can see all their faces and body language. He states a standard fishing line such as he's 'getting an impression' of something... he brings up into view his pointing index finger and begins the process of generally pointing it at the row... scanning for a reaction."[51]

Shannon Miller reading

In March 2018, Fraser gave a reading to on-air personality Shannon Miller on WVIT in Connecticut. In 2019, Susan Gerbic reported on this reading for Skeptical Inquirer and summarized it as using both cold reading and hot reading techniques, including postulating that Fraser acquired information from Miller's Instagram account.[55][52] Gerbic summarized:

Fraser is one of those psychic mediums that throws out multiple statements in a row, sometimes framed as a statement sometimes as a question. Sometimes it is hard to tell what it is he is talking about. Throw out enough word salad and something will stick. If it doesn't work, then possibly it was for one of the persons sitting near you. Making general statements that could apply to many people and watching for a reaction, self-correcting as needed—this is called cold reading. It's a con-mans' skill-set and common tactic of grief vampires.[55]

Operation Peach Pit

Fraser at the Valley Forge Casino Resort, January 2018

The New York Times reporter Jack Hitt was embedded with a team of skeptics to observe what was called "Operation Peach Pit", a sting following a procedure similar to one previously used against Thomas John. In this case, the target was Fraser. According to Hitt, Fraser "resembles Tom Cruise in the role of an oversharing altar boy. He has been on the circuit for years, has a book under his belt and works some Doubletree or Crowne Plaza back room every two or three days".[54]

In January 2018, paranormal investigator Kenny Biddle and a group of five friends, using aliases matching the faked Facebook accounts, attended Fraser's show at the Valley Forge Casino in King of Prussia.[51][54] As Biddle reported in Skeptical Inquirer:

Although there was a lot of work put into this operation, none of my team members had a chance to get a reading... As we made our way out of the theater, we did get the opportunity to speak with Fraser after the show... My team and Fraser chatted about who we were and our various reasons for coming to the show. Fraser accepted our stories without a hint of doubt—even while I was constantly thinking in my head "Tell me I'm a making this up ... tell me you know we're here undercover." Alas, he did not.[51]

Biddle also reported, "I went into this experience... willing to see if there was anything truthful to the claims made by Matt Fraser... [but] he didn't seem to demonstrate any supernatural ability, just a knack for fast-talking his customers into believing he could talk to spirits."[51] The New York Times reported on this sting in the same article in which it reported on the successful Thomas John sting.[54]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_John_Flanagan

Mediumship criticism

Despite the scientific skeptic consensus that mediumship is a con,[2][3] several media organizations have promoted John, claiming he has paranormal powers,[56] including Vogue magazine,[57] The Hollywood Reporter,[58] SF Weekly,[59] WJBK,[60] and WPIX.[61] In a 2019 television segment on Last Week Tonight, John Oliver criticized the media for promoting TV psychics such as John because this exposure convinces viewers that psychic powers are real, and so enable neighborhood psychics to prey on grieving families. Oliver said, "...when psychic abilities are presented as authentic, it emboldens a vast underworld of unscrupulous vultures, more than happy to make money by offering an open line to the afterlife, as well as many other bullshit services." [62][63][64]

John has steadfastly denied performing online research of those who attend his shows.[65] John's co-producer Alan Glist says that psychics are an inviting and common target of skeptics, adding, "Unfortunately, there is always that group of people that are trying to bring psychics and mediums down and non-believers. I can tell you firsthand I have seen Thomas in action and have brought people, and he had no idea were going to be there and he has given them perfect readings." [65] Glist staged three presentations in Las Vegas before John being offered his residency at Caesar's Palace. Glist says, "In each presentation, we invited people and brought in total strangers and never gave him a list or gave him any indication as to who was going to be there. And I've watched him on three different occasions literally work the room reading total strangers and nailing the names of their family members who are deceased and talked about them in great detail." [65]

Susan Gerbic featured Flanagan in a review of grief vampires' unimpressive popularity levels, attributing it to a rise in competition from a low barrier to entry and the efforts of Skeptics to expose them.[66]

Operation Pizza Roll

"Susanna Wilson" (Susan Gerbic) and "Mark Wilson" (Mark Edward) undercover, with unsuspecting John after their 2017 reading during Operation Pizza Roll

In March 2017, John was caught doing a hot reading in a sting operation named "Operation Pizza Roll," which was planned and implemented by Susan Gerbic and mentalist Mark Edward. The unmarried couple Gerbic and Edward attended John's show using aliases, and John "read" them as a married couple, Susanna and Mark Wilson. During the entire reading, John failed to determine the actual identities of Gerbic and Edward, or that they were deceptive during his reading. All personal information he gave them matched what was on their falsified Facebook accounts, rather than being about their actual lives. John pretended he was getting this information from Gerbic and Edward's supposedly dead—but nonexistent—relatives.[67][68][46]

As Jack Hitt reported in The New York Times:

" Over the course of the reading, John comfortably laid down the specifics of Susanna Wilson's life — he named "Andy" and amazingly knew him to be her twin. He knew that she and her brother grew up in Michigan and that his girlfriend was Maria. He knew about Susanna's father-in-law and how he died." [54]

These details were from the falsified Facebook accounts for the pair, which were prepared by a group of skeptics in advance of the reading, and Gerbic and Edward were not aware of the specific information in these accounts.[69] This blinding was done to avoid John later being able to claim he obtained the false information by reading Gerbic and Edward's minds.[67][68][46]

In her report, Gerbic also revealed that during an after-show private event, John disclosed in a group setting that at least one of the people in the audience, which he did a reading about, was his student.[67][70][68]

When Hitt reached out to John for comment, John insisted that he did not use Facebook, saying, "I do remember her [Gerbic] coming to an event... I recognized her because she was there with that other guy who wrote that book." He also told Hitt that "I have my eyes closed for an hour and a half when I'm doing readings. If she spoke up during that period of time, I don't remember that." John also argued that the entire experiment wasn't scientific enough, saying "For Susan to come to a reading and get a two-minute reading and say, well, 'I made a fake post about my dog, Buddy, and my father who died,' it's really not any sort of scientific testing of psychic powers." He added, "First off, someone will have to be a scientist to do a scientific experiment, not someone who used to be a photographer at Sears." [54]

A concise recounting of Operation Pizza Roll is given by John Katsilometes of the Las Vegas Review-Journal as part of his criticism of John's shows at Caesars Palace in 2020.[65]

2021 Spirit communication event for children

In early 2021, John announced plans to hold a "Virtual Spirit Circle for Children" on April 19th. The cost is advertised as $400 and is advertised as "a very special event for children who have lost a loved one... The age requirement is between the age of 5-12 years old. Children who are very sensitive and open to the spiritual world are very encourage to attend. The event will open up where Thomas will practice a few mediumship exercises with the children. Then each child will receive messages from their loved one on the other side."[71][72]

Upon learning of this event, the host of The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe, neurologist Steven Novella decried its exploitative and dangerous nature at the website Science-Based Medicine writing that,

...it is disturbing when self-proclaimed psychic mediums insert themselves into the grieving process, especially when children are involved. Alleged medium Thomas John, for example, is planning a Zoom group “spirit circle” for children who have lost loved ones. Grieving children are a doubly vulnerable population, and such an event can only be described as exploitative. There is also tremendous potential for harm.[73]

Shortly before the event, Susan Gerbic criticized it in a Skeptical Inquirer article, asking, "So what could possibly go wrong with Grief Vampire, Thomas John speaking to dead family members of children ages five to twelve and charging their parent $400 apiece for the opportunity?" The article includes a video of John replying to the earlier criticism of the planned even where he said, "...why are we doing something for children? Ahh, this is what I have to deal with, with the crazies in the world. Someone says, 'Why are you doing something for children, you are taking advantage of children?' No, we are not taking advantage of children, we are having an event for children. Children are spiritual too."[74]


Bold text

  1. ^ Radford, Benjamin. "Here to Hereafter: Can Psychics Really Talk to the Dead?". Livescience.com. Live Science. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  2. ^ a b Propatier, Stephen. "Susan Gerbic: Vampire Slayer". Skeptoid. Skeptoid Media. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  3. ^ a b Swiss, Jamy Ian. "Jamy Ian Swiss - In Pursuit of Psychics: For Good Reason". Youtube.com. James Randi Foundation. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rees22Dec was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Gerbic, Susan. "Grief Vampires Don't Come Out Only at Night". Csicop.org. Center For Inquiry. Archived from the original on 16 September 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 8 August 2017 suggested (help)
  6. ^ Coyne, Jerry. "E! about to debut new show starring a psychic "grief vampire"". Why Evolution is True. WordPress. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  7. ^ Gerbic, Susan. "Operation Tater Tot: Following Up On A Grief Vampire". csicop.org. Center For Inquiry. Archived from the original on 16 September 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 20 June 2017 suggested (help)
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Edwards was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Gerbic, Susan. "Return of the Grief Vampire Tyler Henry". Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Center For Inquiry. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  10. ^ Gerbic, Susan. "Anatomy of a Reading". Csicop.org. Center For Inquiry. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  11. ^ Gerbic, Susan. "Eventually I'm going to piss off Tyler Henry". csicop.org. Center For Inquiry. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference CSI was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Gerbic, Susan. "Ten Tricks of the Psychics I Bet You Didn't Know". CSI. Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  14. ^ Gerbic, Susan. "Grief Vampires – An Update". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  15. ^ "The Long Island Medium – Can She Really Communicate with the Dead?". Inside Edition. August 11, 2012. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  16. ^ Stewart, Dodai (October 20, 2012). "Super Sad and Misguided Emails Intended for the Long Island Medium". Jezebel.com. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
  17. ^ a b Randi, James (2012-04-09). "The 'Medium' is not the messenger". Wired Magazine. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
  18. ^ Grothe, DJ. "Priceline.com: Will you prove your spokesperson worthy for a million dollars?". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
  19. ^ "2012 Pigasus Awards Announcement" (YouTube video). James Randi Educational Foundation. March 30, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2014.
  20. ^ Stollznow, Dr. Karen (27 June 2012). "Long Island Medium: A Tall Story". James Randi Educational Foundation. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  21. ^ Franchi, Jaime (December 7, 2014). "My Not-So-Psychic Experience with Long Island Medium Theresa Caputo". Long Island Press.
  22. ^ Polidoro, Massimo (June 2016). "Theresa Caputo: The Fake Long Island Medium". Skeptical Inquirer. 40 (3): 16–17.
  23. ^ Angel in Lovece, Frank (October 15, 2013). "Criss Angel on his new show, 'BeLIEve': 'It's healthy' to be skeptical". Newsday. New York City / Long Island. Archived from the original on July 31, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2017. The Long Island Medium is just another charlatan. Any time she wants, we'll put her through a series of tests and I'll offer a million-dollar challenge to her. And you can put that in black and white. (subscription required)
  24. ^ Gerbic, Susan. "Ten Tricks of the Psychics I Bet You Didn't Know". Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  25. ^ Gerbic, Susan. "Grief Vampires – An Update". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  26. ^ Blumenfeld, Jon (July 21, 2000). "Medium Dead". New England Skeptical Society. Archived from the original on November 11, 2006. Retrieved December 12, 2006.
  27. ^ a b Endersby, Andrew (December 2002). "Talking the John Edward Blues". SkepticReport. Archived from the original on January 3, 2007. Retrieved December 12, 2006.
  28. ^ O'Dell, Cary. "Crossing Over with John Edward". Television Reviews. PopMatters. Retrieved December 12, 2006.
  29. ^ Leon Jaroff (February 25, 2001). "Talking to the Dead". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2006.
  30. ^ Randi, James (April 21, 2006). "John Edward Revisited". Swift. James Randi Educational Foundation. Retrieved December 11, 2006.
  31. ^ Nickell, Joe (November–December 2001). "John Edward: Hustling the Bereaved". Skeptical Inquirer. 25 (6). Archived from the original on December 16, 2006. Retrieved December 13, 2006.
  32. ^ a b Underdown, James (September–October 2003). "They See Dead People – Or Do They?". Skeptical Inquirer. 27 (5). Retrieved December 11, 2006.
  33. ^ Ling, Lisa (October 13, 2002). "Connecting With the Dead". USA WEEKEND. Gannett Company. Retrieved December 22, 2006. [dead link‍]
  34. ^ Edward, John (2001). Crossing Over. Jodere Group. ISBN 1-58872-002-0.
  35. ^ Gerbic, Susan. "Ten Tricks of the Psychics I Bet You Didn't Know". CSI. Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
  36. ^ Gerbic, Susan. "Grief Vampires – An Update". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  37. ^ Horton, Adrian (February 25, 2019). "John Oliver on psychics: 'A vast underworld of unscrupulous vultures'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 25, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  38. ^ Mehta, Hemant (February 25, 2019). "John Oliver Exposed the Media's Complicity in Promoting Psychic "Mediums"". Friendlyatheist.patheos.com. Patheos. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  39. ^ "Psychics: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)". Youtube. LastWeekTonight. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  40. ^ Schwartz, Gary (March 2003). The Afterlife Experiments. Atria Books. ISBN 978-0-7434-3659-5.
  41. ^ Hyman, Ray (January–February 2003). "How Not to Test Mediums". Skeptical Inquirer. 27 (1).
  42. ^ Schwartz, Gary (2003). "How Not To Review Mediumship Research". Retrieved December 4, 2006.
  43. ^ Hyman, Ray (May–June 2003). "Follow Up Reply". Skeptical Inquirer. 27 (3). Retrieved December 4, 2006.
  44. ^ JREF. "The 2009 Pigasus Awards". James Randi Educational Foundation. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  45. ^ Nickell, Joe (3 July 2012). The Science of Ghosts: Searching for Spirits of the Dead. Prometheus Books. pp. 264–. ISBN 978-1-61614-586-6.
  46. ^ a b c Javier Leiva (2 July 2019). "The Psychic Grief Vampires" (Podcast). Pretend Radio. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  47. ^ Gerbic, Susan (February 5, 2015). "Operation Bumblebee". Skeptical Inquirer.
  48. ^ Walther, Mitchell (October 30, 2014). "Ohlone professor 'stings' TV psychic" (PDF). Ohlone College Monitor.
  49. ^ Gerbic, Susan. "Grief Vampires – An Update". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  50. ^ "Cory Cove got into it with a Psychic this morning..." KFAM-FM 100.3 Minneapolis-St. Paul. iHeart Radio. Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  51. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference undercover was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  52. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference matt-fraser-live was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  53. ^ Gerbic, Susan. "Grief Vampires – An Update". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  54. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference secret was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  55. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Wrong was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  56. ^ Cite error: The named reference MLive was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  57. ^ Cite error: The named reference Vogue was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  58. ^ Cite error: The named reference HWReporter was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  59. ^ Cite error: The named reference SFWeekly was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  60. ^ Cite error: The named reference Fox2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  61. ^ Cite error: The named reference NYPix11 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  62. ^ Cite error: The named reference theguardian was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  63. ^ Cite error: The named reference OliverExposed was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  64. ^ Cite error: The named reference LastWeekTonight was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  65. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference LARJ2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  66. ^ Gerbic, Susan. "Grief Vampires – An Update". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  67. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Pizza was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  68. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference HK1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  69. ^ Cite error: The named reference Jezebel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  70. ^ Cite error: The named reference Mehta was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  71. ^ Cite error: The named reference Circle was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  72. ^ Cite error: The named reference Circle2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  73. ^ Cite error: The named reference Novella was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  74. ^ Cite error: The named reference SI-ForChildren was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=User:HeeHawMama/sandbox&oldid=1019678959"