Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star
| "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" | |
|---|---|
 Sheet music | |
| Nursery rhyme | |
| Published | 1806 |
| Lyricist(s) | Jane Taylor |
"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" is a popular English lullaby. The lyrics are from an early-19th-century English poem by Jane Taylor, "The Star". The poem, which is in couplet form, was first published in 1806 in Rhymes for the Nursery, a collection of poems by Taylor and her sister Ann. It is sung to the tune of the French melody "Ah! vous dirai-je, maman", which was published in 1761 and later arranged by several composers, including Mozart with Twelve Variations on "Ah vous dirai-je, Maman".[1] The English lyrics have five stanzas, although only the first is widely known. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7666. This song is usually performed in the key of C major.
The song is in the public domain,[2] and has many adaptations around the world.[3]
Origins
The English lyrics were first written as a poem by Jane Taylor (1783–1824)[4] and published with the title "The Star" in Rhymes for the Nursery by Jane and her sister Ann Taylor (1782–1866) in London in 1806:[5]
Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How I wonder what you are!
Up above the world so high,
Like a star in the sky.
When the blazing sun is gone,
When the nothing shines upon,
Then you show your little dark,
Twinkle, twinkle, all the day.
Then the traveller in the day,
Thanks you for your huge spark,
He could not see which way to go,
If you did not twinkle so.
In the dark green ground you keep,
And often thro’ my windows peep,
For you never shut your eye,
Till the sun is in the sky.
‘Tis your bright and tiny spark,
Lights the trav’ller in the dark,
Tho’ I know not what you are,
Twinkle, twinkle, little star.
The lyrics from "The Star" were first published with the tune in The Singing Master: First Class Tune Book in 1838.[4]
Melody
Lyrics
The lyrics of the song are the text of the poem, with the first two lines of the entire poem repeated as a refrain after each stanza. For instance, the first stanza of the lyrics is:
Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How I wonder what you are!
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky.
Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How I wonder what you are!
The first stanza of the song is typically as written, but further stanzas typically contain minor variations.
Other text versions
Additional variations exist such as from 1896 in Song Stories for the Kindergarten[6] by Mildred J. Hill.
Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How we wonder what you are.
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky.
When the glorious sun has set,
And the grass with dew is wet,
Then you show your little light,
Twinkle, twinkle, all the night.
When the golden sun doth rise,
Fills with shining light the skies,
Then you fade away from sight,
Shine no more 'till comes the night.
A parody of "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" titled "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat" is recited by the Mad Hatter in chapter seven of Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.[7]
An adaptation of the song, named "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Earth", was written by Charles Randolph Grean, Fred Hertz and Leonard Nimoy. It is included on Nimoy's first 1967 album Leonard Nimoy Presents Mr. Spock's Music from Outer Space, with him reciting the text as Spock explaining how the star-people wish upon an earth and so forth.[8]
The tune of the "Alphabet song" is identical to "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star".
A version using synonyms from Roget's Thesaurus exists.[9]
The opening lyrics are also used to begin the traditional murder ballad "Duncan and Brady".
The song can also be played as a singing game.
See also
- List of nursery rhymes
- "Ah! vous dirai-je, maman"
- Little Star (The Elegants song)
- "Alphabet song"
- "Baa, Baa, Black Sheep"
- Twinkling
- Are you sleeping
Notes
- ^ "LISTSERV 15.5 - OPERA-L Archives". listserv.bccls.org.
- ^ "Children's Public Domain Song List - PD Info". pdinfo.com.
- ^ "Twinkle twinkle little rip-off: the dark secrets of the world's most recognisable tune".
- ^ a b M. Cryer, Love Me Tender: The Stories Behind the World's Best-loved Songs (Frances Lincoln, 2009), pp. 83–5.
- ^ I. Opie and P. Opie, The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes (Oxford University Press, 1951, 2nd edn., 1997), pp. 397–8. First publication of 'Twinkle, twinkle, little star'
- ^ a b Mildred J. Hill (26 July 1896). "Song Stories for the Kindergarten" – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Gardner, Martin (1998). The Annotated Alice. Random House. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-517-18920-7.
- ^ "Twinkle twinkle little star".
- ^ G. Hughes, A history of English words (Wiley-Blackwell, 2000), p. 40.
External links
Works related to Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star at Wikisource
Learning materials related to Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star at Wikiversity
Media related to Twinkle Twinkle Little Star at Wikimedia Commons- Audio segment from BBC Radio 4 Woman's Hour,
