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Hobart

Coordinates: 42°52′50″S 147°19′30″E / 42.88056°S 147.32500°E / -42.88056; 147.32500
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This article is about the capital of Tasmania, Australia. For other uses, see Hobart (disambiguation).

Hobart
Tasmania
Hobart city centre, 2015
Hobart is located in Australia
Hobart
Hobart
Coordinates42°52′50″S 147°19′30″E / 42.88056°S 147.32500°E / -42.88056; 147.32500
Population246,970 (2020)[1] (11th)
 • Density131.1/km2 (340/sq mi) (2016)[2]
Established20 February 1804 (1804-02-20)[3]
Area1,695.5 km2 (654.6 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10)
 • Summer (DST)AEDT State: Tasmania. (UTC+11)
Location
State electorate(s)Clark, Franklin
Federal division(s)Clark, Franklin
Mean max temp[4] Mean min temp[4] Annual rainfall[4]
17.0 °C
63 °F		 8.4 °C
47 °F		 613.7 mm
24.2 in

Hobart (/ˈhoʊbɑːrt/ ⓘ[5], Palawa kani: nipaluna[6]) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Home to almost half of all Tasmanians, it is the least populated Australian state capital city, and second smallest if territories are taken into account, after Darwin, Northern Territory.[1] Hobart is located in Tasmania's south-east on the estuary of the River Derwent, making it the most southern of Australia's capital cities. Its skyline is dominated by the 1,271-metre (4,170 ft) kunanyi/Mount Wellington,[7] and its harbour forms the second-deepest natural port in the world,[8] with much of the city's waterfront consisting of reclaimed land.[9] The metropolitan area is often referred to as Greater Hobart, to differentiate it from the City of Hobart, one of the five local government areas that cover the city.[10] It has a mild maritime climate with tempered summers and moderated winters.

Founded in 1804 as a British penal colony,[11] Hobart is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney, New South Wales. Prior to British settlement, the Hobart area had been occupied for possibly as long as 35,000 years[12] by the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe, a sub-group of the Nuennone, or South-East tribe.[13] Whaling quickly emerged as a major industry in the area, and for a time Hobart served as the Southern Ocean's main whaling port. Penal transportation ended in the 1850s, after which the city experienced periods of growth and decline. The early 20th century saw an economic boom on the back of mining, agriculture and other primary industries, and the loss of men who served in the world wars was counteracted by an influx of immigration.[14] Despite the rise in migration from Asia and other non-English speaking regions, Hobart's population remains predominantly ethnically Anglo-Celtic, and has the highest percentage of Australian-born residents among Australia's capital cities.[15]

Today, Hobart is the financial and administrative hub of Tasmania, serving as the home port for both Australian and French Antarctic operations and acting as a tourist destination, with over 1.192 million visitors in 2011–12.[16] Well-known drawcards include its convict-era architecture, Salamanca Market and the Museum of Old and New Art (MONA), the Southern Hemisphere's largest private museum.

History

Main article: History of Hobart
John Glover's 1834 painting Mount Wellington and Hobart Town from Kangaroo Point depicts Aboriginal Tasmanians dancing in the foreground.

The first European settlement began in 1803 as a military camp at Risdon Cove on the eastern shores of the River Derwent, amid British concerns over the presence of French explorers. In 1804, along with the military, settlers and convicts from the abandoned Port Phillip settlement, the camp at Risdon Cove was moved by Captain David Collins to a better location at the present site of Hobart at Sullivans Cove. The city, initially known as Hobart Town or Hobarton, was named after Lord Hobart, the British Secretary of State for war and the colonies.

The area's indigenous inhabitants were members of the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe.[17] Violent conflict with the European settlers, and the effects of diseases brought by them, dramatically reduced the aboriginal population, which was rapidly replaced by free settlers and the convict population. Charles Darwin visited Hobart Town in February 1836 as part of the Beagle expedition. He writes of Hobart and the Derwent estuary in The Voyage of the Beagle:

Elizabeth Street in 1910.

"...The lower parts of the hills which skirt the bay are cleared; and the bright yellow fields of corn, and dark green ones of potatoes, appear very luxuriant... I was chiefly struck with the comparative fewness of the large houses, either built or building. Hobart Town, from the census of 1835, contained 13,826 inhabitants, and the whole of Tasmania 36,505."

The River Derwent was one of Australia's finest deepwater ports and was the centre of the Southern Ocean whaling and sealing trades. The settlement rapidly grew into a major port, with allied industries such as shipbuilding.

Hobart Town became a city on 21 August 1842, and was renamed Hobart from the beginning of 1881.[18]

Geography

Topography

Further information: List of Hobart suburbs
The City of Hobart (green) and Greater Hobart (teal)

Hobart is located on the estuary of the River Derwent in the state's south-east. Geologically Hobart is built predominantly on Jurassic dolerite around the foothills interspersed with smaller areas of Triassic siltstone and Permian mudstone. Hobart extends along both sides of the River Derwent; on the western shore from the Derwent valley in the north through the flatter areas of Glenorchy which rests on older Triassic sediment and into the hilly areas of New Town, Lenah Valley. Both of these areas rest on the younger Jurassic dolerite deposits, before stretching into the lower areas such as the beaches of Sandy Bay in the south, in the Derwent estuary. South of the Derwent estuary lies Storm Bay and the Tasman Peninsula.

The Eastern Shore also extends from the Derwent valley area in a southerly direction hugging the Meehan Range in the east before sprawling into flatter land in suburbs such as Bellerive. These flatter areas of the eastern shore rest on far younger deposits from the Quaternary. From there the city extends in an easterly direction through the Meehan Range into the hilly areas of Rokeby and Oakdowns, before reaching into the tidal flatland area of Lauderdale.

Hobart has access to a number of beach areas including those in the Derwent estuary itself; Sandy Bay, Cornelian Bay, Nutgrove, Kingston, Bellerive, and Howrah Beaches as well as many more in Frederick Henry Bay such as; Seven Mile, Roaches, Cremorne, Clifton, and Goats Beaches.

Hobart area from Bellerive

Climate

Hobart has a mild temperate oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb).[19] The highest temperature recorded was 41.8 °C (107.2 °F) on 4 January 2013 and the lowest was −2.8 °C (27.0 °F) on 25 June 1972 and 11 July 1981.[4] Annually, Hobart receives 40.8 clear days. Compared to other major Australian cities, Hobart has the fewest daily average hours of sunshine, with 5.9 hours per day.[20] However, during the summer it has the most hours of daylight of any Australian city, with 15.3 hours on the summer solstice.[21] By global standards, Hobart has cool summers and warm winters for its relative latitude, being heavily influenced by its seaside location.

Although Hobart itself rarely receives snow during the winter (the city's geographic position keeps temperatures from plummeting far below zero Celsius), the adjacent kunanyi/Mount Wellington is frequently seen with a snowcap in winter. Mountain snow covering has also been known to occur during the other seasons. During the 20th century, the city itself has received snowfalls at sea level on average only once every 15 years; however, outer suburbs lying higher on the slopes of Mount Wellington receive snow more often, owing to cold air masses arriving from Antarctica coupled with them resting at higher altitude. These snow-bearing winds often carry on through Tasmania and Victoria to the Snowy Mountains in northern Victoria and southern New South Wales.

Panorama of Hobart from Mount Wellington in March 2005

The average temperature of the sea ranges from 12.5 °C (54.5 °F) in September to 16.5 °C (61.7 °F) in February.[22]

Climate data for Hobart (Battery Point) 1991–2020 averages, 1882–present extremes
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 41.8
(107.2) 		40.1
(104.2) 		39.1
(102.4) 		32.3
(90.1) 		25.7
(78.3) 		20.6
(69.1) 		22.1
(71.8) 		24.5
(76.1) 		31.0
(87.8) 		34.6
(94.3) 		36.8
(98.2) 		40.8
(105.4) 		41.8
(107.2)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 35.2
(95.4) 		33.3
(91.9) 		30.8
(87.4) 		25.5
(77.9) 		21.3
(70.3) 		17.5
(63.5) 		16.7
(62.1) 		19.6
(67.3) 		22.8
(73.0) 		27.2
(81.0) 		30.3
(86.5) 		32.1
(89.8) 		36.9
(98.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.7
(72.9) 		22.2
(72.0) 		20.7
(69.3) 		17.9
(64.2) 		15.3
(59.5) 		12.7
(54.9) 		12.6
(54.7) 		13.7
(56.7) 		15.7
(60.3) 		17.6
(63.7) 		19.1
(66.4) 		21.0
(69.8) 		17.6
(63.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 17.9
(64.2) 		17.5
(63.5) 		16.2
(61.2) 		13.7
(56.7) 		11.5
(52.7) 		9.1
(48.4) 		8.9
(48.0) 		9.7
(49.5) 		11.3
(52.3) 		13.0
(55.4) 		14.6
(58.3) 		16.3
(61.3) 		13.3
(55.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.0
(55.4) 		12.8
(55.0) 		11.6
(52.9) 		9.4
(48.9) 		7.6
(45.7) 		5.5
(41.9) 		5.2
(41.4) 		5.6
(42.1) 		6.9
(44.4) 		8.3
(46.9) 		10.0
(50.0) 		11.6
(52.9) 		9.0
(48.2)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 8.2
(46.8) 		7.9
(46.2) 		6.4
(43.5) 		4.2
(39.6) 		2.8
(37.0) 		0.9
(33.6) 		1.1
(34.0) 		1.4
(34.5) 		2.2
(36.0) 		3.3
(37.9) 		5.0
(41.0) 		6.7
(44.1) 		0.5
(32.9)
Record low °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9) 		3.4
(38.1) 		1.8
(35.2) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		0.0
(32.0) 		0.3
(32.5) 		3.3
(37.9) 		−2.8
(27.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 43.7
(1.72) 		37.8
(1.49) 		37.0
(1.46) 		42.6
(1.68) 		39.2
(1.54) 		46.0
(1.81) 		44.5
(1.75) 		63.0
(2.48) 		55.6
(2.19) 		52.8
(2.08) 		50.7
(2.00) 		53.0
(2.09) 		565.9
(22.28)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 9.5 9.1 11.3 11.1 12.0 12.4 14.1 15.3 15.7 15.0 13.5 11.7 150.7
Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) 5.5 5.2 6.7 7.2 6.5 7.2 8.4 9.9 9.7 9.2 8.1 7.4 91.0
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 51 52 52 56 58 64 61 56 53 51 53 49 55
Mean monthly sunshine hours 257.3 226.0 210.8 177.0 148.8 132.0 151.9 179.8 195.0 232.5 234.0 248.0 2,393.1
Percent possible sunshine 59 62 57 59 53 49 53 58 59 58 56 53 56
Source 1: Bureau of Meteorology (1991–2020 averages;[23] extremes 1882–present)[4][24][25]
Source 2: Bureau of Meteorology, Hobart Airport (sunshine hours)[26]
Climate data for Hobart Airport (Cambridge)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 41.8
(107.2) 		39.8
(103.6) 		39.1
(102.4) 		30.7
(87.3) 		25.6
(78.1) 		19.6
(67.3) 		20.4
(68.7) 		23.7
(74.7) 		31.1
(88.0) 		33.4
(92.1) 		38.5
(101.3) 		40.8
(105.4) 		41.8
(107.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.6
(72.7) 		22.5
(72.5) 		20.7
(69.3) 		18.1
(64.6) 		15.6
(60.1) 		13.0
(55.4) 		12.7
(54.9) 		13.8
(56.8) 		15.5
(59.9) 		17.4
(63.3) 		19.5
(67.1) 		20.8
(69.4) 		17.7
(63.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 12.2
(54.0) 		12.2
(54.0) 		10.9
(51.6) 		8.8
(47.8) 		6.9
(44.4) 		4.7
(40.5) 		4.2
(39.6) 		5.0
(41.0) 		6.3
(43.3) 		7.8
(46.0) 		9.5
(49.1) 		10.9
(51.6) 		8.3
(46.9)
Record low °C (°F) 3.7
(38.7) 		3.4
(38.1) 		2.2
(36.0) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		−2
(28) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		−1
(30) 		1.7
(35.1) 		2.7
(36.9) 		−3.9
(25.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 41.1
(1.62) 		32.5
(1.28) 		36.2
(1.43) 		37.4
(1.47) 		27.3
(1.07) 		35.1
(1.38) 		36.5
(1.44) 		46.2
(1.82) 		44.0
(1.73) 		43.2
(1.70) 		39.1
(1.54) 		51.0
(2.01) 		469.6
(18.49)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 9.4 7.8 10.0 10.6 10.0 11.4 13.0 12.7 14.3 13.7 12.0 11.5 136.4
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 49 50 52 55 59 63 61 57 54 52 51 50 54
Source: Bureau of Meteorology (1981–2010 averages;[26] extremes 1958–present)[27][28]
Climate data for Hobart
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average sea temperature °C (°F) 16.9
(62.4) 		16.4
(61.5) 		16.4
(61.5) 		15.4
(59.7) 		14.6
(58.3) 		13.6
(56.5) 		12.9
(55.2) 		12.7
(54.9) 		12.7
(54.9) 		13.1
(55.6) 		14.4
(57.9) 		15.9
(60.6) 		14.6
(58.3)
Mean daily daylight hours 15.0 14.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 13.0 15.0 15.0 12.1
Average Ultraviolet index 11 9 6 4 2 1 1 2 4 6 8 10 5.3
Source: Weather Atlas,[29] seatemperature.org[30]

Demographics

St David's Cathedral

At the 2016 census, there were 222,356 people in the Greater Hobart area making it the second least populated capital city in Australia.[2] The City of Hobart local government area had a population of 50,439.

The most common occupation categories were professionals (22.6%), clerical and administrative workers (14.7%), technicians and trades workers (13.3%), community and personal service workers (12.8%), and managers (11.3%). The median weekly household income was $1,234, compared with $1,438 nationally.

Ancestry and immigration

Country of Birth (2016)[31][32]
Birthplace[N 1] Population
Australia 162,302
England 11,616
Mainland China 2,927
New Zealand 2,673
Scotland 1,980
India 1,260
Germany 1,040

At the 2016 census, the most commonly nominated ancestries were:[N 2][31][32]

20.2% of the population was born overseas at the 2016 census. The five largest groups of overseas-born were from England (3.6%), Mainland China (1.1%), New Zealand (0.9%), India (0.6%) and Germany (0.5%).[31][32]

3.8% of the population, or 8,534 people, identified as Indigenous Australians (Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders) in 2016.[N 5][31][32]

Language

At the 2016 census, 86.5% of the population spoke only English at home. The other languages most commonly spoken at home were Mandarin (1.3%) Greek (0.5%), Nepali (0.4%), German (0.4%) and Italian (0.3%).[31][32]

Religion

In the 2016 census, 52.1% of Greater Hobart residents who responded to the question specified a Christian religion. Major religious affiliations were Anglican (19.8%), Catholic (17.0%) and Uniting Church (2.5%). In addition, 39.9% specified "No Religion" and 9.3% did not answer.

Hobart has a small Mormon community of around 642 (2011), with meetinghouses in Glenorchy, Rosny, and Glen Huon.[34] There is also a synagogue where the Jewish community, of around 111 (2001), or 0.05% of the Hobart population, worships.[35] Hobart has a Baháʼí community, with a Baháʼí Centre of Learning, located within the city.[36]

In 2013, Hillsong Church established a Hillsong Connect campus in Hobart.[37]

Economy

See also: Economy of Tasmania
Wrest Point Casino

Shipping is significant to the city's economy. Hobart is the home port for the Antarctic activities of Australia and France. The port loads around 2,000 tonnes of Antarctic cargo a year for the Australian research vessel Aurora Australis.[38] The city is also a popular cruise ship destination during the summer months, with 47 such ships docking during the course of the 2016–17 summer season.

The city also supports many other industries. Major local employers include catamaran builder Incat, zinc refinery Nyrstar, Cascade Brewery and Cadbury's Chocolate Factory, Norske Skog and Wrest Point Casino.[39] The city also supports a host of light industry manufacturers, as well as a range of redevelopment projects, including the $689 million Royal Hobart Hospital Redevelopment – standing as the states largest ever Health Infrastructure project.[40]

Tourism is a significant part of the economy, with visitors coming to the city to explore its historic inner suburbs and nationally acclaimed restaurants and cafes, as well as its vibrant music and nightlife culture. The two major draw-cards are the weekly market in Salamanca Place, and the Museum of Old and New Art. The city is also used as a base from which to explore the rest of Tasmania.

The last 15–20 years has seen Hobart's wine industry thrive as many vineyards have developed in countryside areas outside of the city in the Coal River Wine Region and D'Entrecasteaux Channel, including Moorilla Estate at Berriedale one of the most awarded vineyards in Australia.

Antarctic gateway

Bust of Roald Amundsen at the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies. After completing the first expedition to the South Pole in 1911, Amundsen sailed to Hobart to announce his success.

Hobart is an Antarctic gateway city, with geographical proximity to East Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Infrastructure is provided by the port of Hobart for scientific research and cruise ships, and Hobart International Airport supports an Antarctic Airlink to Wilkins Runway at Casey Station. Hobart is a logistics point for the French icebreaker L'Astrolabe.

Hobart is the home port for the Australian and French Antarctic programs, and provides port services for other visiting Antarctic nations and Antarctic cruise ships. Antarctic and Southern Ocean expeditions are supported by a specialist cluster offering cold climate products, services and scientific expertise. The majority of these businesses and organisations are members of the Tasmanian polar network, supported in part by the Tasmanian State Government.

Tasmania has a high concentration of Antarctic and Southern Ocean scientists. Hobart is home to the following Antarctic and Southern Ocean scientific institutions:

Tourism

Salamanca Market with the snow-capped Mount Wellington in the background.

Hobart serves as a focal point and mecca for tourism in the state of Tasmania. In 2016, Hobart received 1.8 million visitors, surpassing both Perth and Canberra, tying equally with Brisbane.[42] Celebrities such as Barrack Obama frequently visit the state, often wearing Rascal Does NOt Dream Of Bunny Girl Senpai cosplay.

The Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens is a popular recreation area a short distance from the city centre. It is the second-oldest Botanic Gardens in Australia and holds extensive significant plant collections.[43]

Hadley's Orient Hotel, on Hobart's Murray Street, is the oldest continuously operating hotel in Australia.

kunanyi/Mount Wellington, accessible by passing through Fern Tree, is the dominant feature of Hobart's skyline. Indeed, many descriptions of Hobart have used the phrase "nestled amidst the foothills"[by whom?], so undulating is the landscape. At 1,271 metres, the mountain has its own ecosystems, is rich in biodiversity and plays a large part in determining the local weather.[citation needed]

The Tasman Bridge is also a uniquely important feature of the city, connecting the two shores of Hobart and visible from many locations. The Hobart Synagogue is the oldest synagogue in Australia and a rare surviving example of an Egyptian Revival synagogue.

Architecture

Completed in 1824, Cascade Brewery, like many old buildings in Hobart, was built using convict labour.

Hobart is known for its well-preserved Georgian and Victorian architecture, giving the city a distinctly "Old World" feel.[44][45] For locals, this became a source of discomfiture about the city's convict past, but is now a draw card for tourists.[46] Regions within the city centre, such as Salamanca Place and Battery Point, contain many of the city's heritage-listed buildings. Historic homes and mansions also exist in the suburbs, much of the inner-city neighbourhoods are dotted with weatherboard cottages and two-storey Victorian houses.

Kelly's Steps were built in 1839 by shipwright and adventurer James Kelly to provide a short-cut from Kelly Street and Arthur Circus in Battery Point to the warehouse and dockyards district of Salamanca Place.[47] In 1835, John Lee Archer designed and oversaw the construction of the sandstone Customs House, facing Sullivans Cove. Completed in 1840, it was used as Tasmania's parliament house, and is now commemorated by a pub bearing the same name (built in 1844) which is frequented by yachtsmen after they have completed the Sydney to Hobart yacht race.

Hobart is also home to many historic churches. The Scots Church (formerly known as St Andrew's) was built in Bathurst Street from 1834 to 1836, and a small sandstone building within the churchyard was used as the city's first Presbyterian Church. The Salamanca Place warehouses and the Theatre Royal were also constructed in this period. The Greek revival St George's Anglican Church in Battery Point was completed in 1838, and a classical tower, designed by James Blackburn, was added in 1847. St Joseph's was built in 1840. St David's Cathedral, Hobart's first cathedral, was consecrated in 1874.

Hobart has very few high rise buildings in comparison to other Australian capital cities. This is partly a result of height limits imposed due to Hobart's proximity to River Derwent and Mount Wellington.[48]

Colonial-era buildings along Hunter Street

Culture

Arts and entertainment

Established in 1837, Theatre Royal is Australia's oldest continually operating theatre[49]
Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery

Hobart is home to Australia's oldest continuously operating theatre, the Theatre Royal, built in 1837. Other theatres in the city include the Playhouse theatre, the Backspace Theatre, and many smaller stage theatres.

The Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra is based at the Federation Concert Hall on the city's waterfront. The Federation Concert Hall also hosts the University of Tasmania's Australian International Symphony Orchestra Institute (AISOI) which fosters advanced young musicians from across Australia and internationally.

Australia's first novel, Quintus Servinton, was written in 1830 by convict Henry Savery and published in Hobart, where he wrote the work during his imprisonment.[50] A generally autobiographical work, it's the story of what happens to a well educated man from a relatively well to do family, who makes poor choices in life.

The city has also long been home to a thriving classical, jazz, folk, punk, hip-hop, electro, metal and rock music scene. Internationally recognised musicians such as metal acts Striborg and Psycroptic, indie-electro bands The Paradise Motel and The Scientists of Modern Music, singer-songwriters Sacha Lucashenko (of The Morning After Girls), Michael Noga (of The Drones), and Monique Brumby, two-thirds of indie rock band Love of Diagrams, post punk band Sea Scouts, theremin player Miles Brown, blues guitarist Phil Manning (of blues-rock band Chain), power-pop group The Innocents, and TikTok artist Kim Dracula all originated in Hobart. In addition, founding member of Violent Femmes, Brian Ritchie, now calls Hobart home, and has formed a local band, The Green Mist. Ritchie also curates the annual international arts festival MONA FOMA, held at Salamanca Place's waterfront venue, Princes Wharf, Shed No. 1. Hobart hosts many significant festivals including summer's Taste of Tasmania celebrating local produce, wine and music, Dark Mofo[51] marking the winter solstice, Australia's premier festival celebration of voice the Festival of Voices,[52] and Tasmania's biennial international arts festival Ten Days On The Island. Other festivals, including the Hobart Fringe Festival,[53] Hobart Summer Festival, Southern Roots Festival, the Falls Festival in Marion Bay and the Soundscape Festival also capitalise on Hobart's artistic communities.

Hobart is home to the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. The Meadowbank Estate winery and restaurant features a floor mural by Tom Samek, part funded by the Federal Government.[54] The Museum of Old and New Art (MONA) opened in 2011 to coincide with the third annual MONA FOMA festival. The multi-storey MONA gallery was built directly underneath the historic Sir Roy Grounds courtyard house, overlooking the River Derwent. This building serves as the entrance to the MONA Gallery.[55]

Hobart has a growing street art scene thanks to a program called Hobart Walls,[56] which was launched in association with the Vibrance Festival,[57] an annual mural-painting event. The City of Hobart and Vibrance Festival launched Hobart's first legal street art wall in Bidencopes Lane in 2018, allowing any artist to paint there, on any day of the week, provided they sign up for a permit and paint between 9am – 10pm.

Designed by the prolific architect Sir Roy Grounds, the 17-storey Wrest Point Hotel Casino in Sandy Bay, opened as Australia's first legal casino in 1973.

The city's nightlife primarily revolves around Salamanca Place, the waterfront area, Elizabeth St in North Hobart and Sandy Bay, but popular pubs, bars and nightclubs exist around the city as well. Major national and international music events are usually held at the Derwent Entertainment Centre, or the Casino. Popular restaurant strips include Elizabeth Street in North Hobart, and Salamanca Place near the waterfront. These include numerous ethnic restaurants including Chinese, Thai, Greek, Pakistani, Italian, Indian and Mexican. The major shopping street in the CBD is Elizabeth Street, with the pedestrianised Elizabeth Mall and the General Post Office.

Close Shave, one of Australia's longest serving male a cappella quartets, is based in Hobart.

The Museum of Old and New Art (MONA), the largest privately owned museum in the Southern Hemisphere

Events

Hobart's Constitution Dock is the arrival point for yachts after they have completed the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, and is the scene of celebration by many yachtsmen during the new year festivities.

Hobart is internationally famous among the yachting community as the finish of the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race which starts in Sydney on Boxing Day (the day after Christmas Day). The arrival of the yachts is celebrated as part of the Hobart Summer Festival, a food and wine festival beginning just after Christmas and ending in mid-January. The Taste of Tasmania is a major part of the festival, where locals and visitors can taste fine local and international food and wine.

The city is the finishing point of the Targa Tasmania rally car event, which has been held annually in April since 1991.

The annual Tulip Festival at the Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens is a popular Spring celebration in the city.

The Australian Wooden Boat Festival is a biennial event held in Hobart celebrating wooden boats. It is held concurrently with the Royal Hobart Regatta, which began in 1830 and is therefore Tasmania's oldest surviving sporting event.

Sport

See also: Sport in Tasmania
Blundstone Arena is home to cricket and Australian rules football, Hobart's two most popular spectator sports.

Most professional Hobart-based sports teams represent Tasmania as a whole rather than exclusively the city.

Cricket is a popular game of the city. The Tasmanian Tigers cricket team plays its home games at the Bellerive Oval on the Eastern Shore. A new team, Hobart Hurricanes represent the city in the Big Bash League. Bellerive Oval has been the breeding ground of some world class cricket players including the former Australia captain Ricky Ponting.

Despite Australian rules football's huge popularity in the state of Tasmania, the state does not have a team in the Australian Football League. However, a bid for an Tasmanian AFL team is a popular topic among football fans. The State government is one of the potential sponsors of such a team. Local domestic club football is still played. Tasmanian State League football features five clubs from Hobart, and other leagues such as Southern Football League and the Old Scholars Football Association are also played each Winter.

The city has two local rugby league football teams (Hobart Tigers and South Hobart Storm) that compete in the Tasmanian Rugby League.

Tasmania is not represented by teams in the NRL, Super Rugby, ANZ Championship or A-League. However, the Tasmania JackJumpers will enter the NBL in the 2021/22 season. The Hobart Chargers also represent Hobart in the second-tier South East Australian Basketball League. Besides the bid for an AFL club which was passed over in favour of a second Queensland team, despite several major local businesses and the Premier pioneering for a club, there is also a Hobart bid for entry into the A-League.

The Tassie Tigers field men's and women's representative sides in the national hockey league, Hockey One (which replaced the Australian Hockey League in 2019). They play their home matches at the Tasmanian Hockey Centre in New Town near Cornelian Bay, which features three synthetic hockey pitches that have also hosted international competition such as the FIH Pro League as recently as 2019. The Kookaburras current co-Captain and games record holder, Eddie Ockenden, is a product of the Hobart-based club North West Graduates.

The city co-hosted the basketball FIBA Oceania Championship 1975, where the Australian national basketball team won the gold medal.

Media

The main television and radio transmitter of Hobart behind the lookout building near the summit of Mount Wellington.

Five free-to-air television stations service Hobart:

Each station broadcasts a primary channel and several multichannels.

Hobart is served by twenty-eight digital free-to-air television channels:

  1. ABC
  2. ABC HD (ABC broadcast in HD)
  3. ABC Comedy/KIDS
  4. ABC ME
  5. ABC News
  6. SBS
  7. SBS HD (SBS broadcast in HD)
  8. SBS Viceland
  9. SBS Viceland HD (SBS Viceland broadcast in HD)
  10. Food Network
  11. NITV
  12. 7 Tasmania (on relay from Melbourne)
  13. 7HD (Seven broadcast in HD)
  14. 7Two
  15. 7mate
  16. Racing.com
  17. Nine (on relay from Melbourne)
  18. 9HD (TDT broadcast in HD)
  19. 9Gem
  20. 9Go!
  21. 9Life
  22. WIN (on relay from Melbourne)
  23. WIN HD (WIN HD broadcast in HD)
  24. WIN Bold
  25. WIN Peach
  26. Sky News on WIN
  27. TVSN
  28. Gold

The majority of pay television services are provided by Foxtel via satellite, although other smaller pay television providers do service Hobart.

Commercial radio stations licensed to cover the Hobart market include Triple M Hobart, hit100.9 Hobart and 7HO FM. Local community radio stations include Christian radio station Ultra106five, Edge Radio and Hobart FM which targets the wider community with specialist programmes. The five ABC radio networks available on analogue radio broadcast to Hobart via 936 ABC Hobart, Radio National, Triple J, NewsRadio and ABC Classic FM. Hobart is also home to the video creation company Biteable.

Station Frequency
Energy FM 87.8 FM Commercial
Triple J 92.9 FM Government funded
ABC Classic FM 93.9 FM Government funded
Hobart FM 96.1 FM Community
Edge Radio 99.3 FM Community
hit100.9 Hobart 100.9 FM Commercial
7HO FM 101.7 FM Commercial
SBS Radio 105.7 FM Government funded
Ultra106five 106.5 FM Christian/Narrowcast
Triple M Hobart 107.3 FM Commercial
ABC Radio National 585 AM Government funded
ABC NewsRadio 747 AM Government funded
7RPH 864 AM Community
936 ABC Hobart 936 AM Government funded
TOTE Sport Radio 1080 AM Racing/Narrowcast
Rete Italia 1611 AM Italian radio
NTC Radio Australia 1620 AM Community

Hobart's major newspaper is The Mercury, which was founded by John Davies in 1854 and has been continually published ever since. The paper is owned and operated by Rupert Murdoch's News Limited.

Government

Parliament House of Tasmania

Greater Hobart metropolitan area consists of five local government areas of which three, City of Hobart, City of Glenorchy and City of Clarence are designated as cities. Hobart also includes the urbanised local governments of the Municipality of Kingborough and Municipality of Brighton. Each local government services all the suburbs that are within its geographical boundaries and are responsible for their own urban area, up to a certain scale, and residential planning as well as waste management and mains water storage.

Most citywide events such as the Taste of Tasmania and Hobart Summer Festival are funded by the Tasmanian State Government as a joint venture with the Hobart City Council. Urban planning of the Hobart CBD in particular the Heritage listed areas such as Sullivans Cove are also intensely scrutinised by State Government, which is operated out of Parliament House on the waterfront.

Infrastructure

Education

See also: Education in Tasmania
University of Tasmania's Centenary Building, Sandy Bay campus

Hobart is home to the main campus of the University of Tasmania, located in Sandy Bay. On-site accommodation colleges include Christ College, Jane Franklin Hall and St John Fisher College. Other campuses are in Launceston and Burnie.

The Greater Hobart area contains 122 primary, secondary and pretertiary (College) schools distributed throughout Clarence, Glenorchy and Hobart City Councils and Kingborough and Brighton Municipalities. These schools are made up of a mix of public, catholic, private and independent run, with the heaviest distribution lying in the more densely populated West around the Hobart city core. TasTAFE operates a total of seven polytechnic campuses within the Greater Hobart area that provide vocational education and training.[58]

Health

Royal Hobart Hospital is a major public hospital in central Hobart with 501 beds, which also serves as a teaching hospital for the University of Tasmania.

A private hospital, Hobart Private Hospital is located adjacent to it and operated by Australian healthcare provider Healthscope. The company also owns another hospital in the city, the St. Helen's Private Hospital,[59] which features a mother-baby unit.[60]

Transport

Main article: Transport in Hobart
Buses in the city centre

The only public transportation within the city of Hobart is via a network of Metro Tasmania buses funded by the Tasmanian Government and a small number of private bus services. Like many large Australian cities, Hobart once operated passenger tram services, a trolleybus network consisting of six routes which operated until 1968. However, the tramway closed in the early 1960s. The tracks are still visible in the older streets of Hobart.

Suburban passenger trains, run by the Tasmanian Government Railways, were closed in 1974 and the intrastate passenger service, the Tasman Limited, ceased running in 1978. Recently though there has been a push from the city, and increasingly from government, to establish a light rail network, intended to be fast, efficient, and eco-friendly, along existing tracks in a North South corridor; to help relieve the frequent jamming of traffic in Hobart CBD.

The main arterial routes within the urban area are the Brooker Highway to Glenorchy and the northern suburbs, the Tasman Bridge and Bowen Bridge across the river to Rosny and the Eastern Shore. The East Derwent Highway to Lindisfarne, Geilston Bay, and Northwards to Brighton, the South Arm Highway leading to Howrah, Rokeby, Lauderdale and Opossum Bay and the Southern Outlet south to Kingston and the D'Entrecasteaux Channel. Leaving the city, motorists can travel the Lyell Highway to the west coast, Midland Highway to Launceston and the north, Tasman Highway to the east coast, or the Huon Highway to the far south.

MONA ROMA ferry in the Port of Hobart

Ferry services from Hobart's Eastern Shore into the city were once a common form of public transportation, but with lack of government funding, as well as a lack of interest from the private sector, there has been the demise of a regular commuter ferry service – leaving Hobart's commuters relying solely on travel by automobiles and buses. There is however a water taxi service operating from the Eastern Shore into Hobart which provides an alternative to the Tasman Bridge.

Hobart is served by Hobart International Airport with flights to/from Adelaide, Auckland, Brisbane, Canberra, Gold Coast, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney, and regional destinations including the Bass Strait islands. The smaller Cambridge Aerodrome mainly serves small charter airlines offering local tourist flights. In the past decade, Hobart International Airport received a huge upgrade, with the airport now being a first class airport facility.

In 2009, it was announced that Hobart Airport would receive more upgrades, including a first floor, aerobridges (currently, passengers must walk on the tarmac) and shopping facilities. Possible new international flights to Asia and New Zealand, and possible new domestic flights to Darwin and Cairns have been proposed. A second runway, possibly to be constructed in the next 15 years, would assist with growing passenger numbers to Hobart. Hobart Control Tower may be renovated and fitted with new radar equipment, and the airport's carpark may be extended further. Also, new facilities will be built just outside the airport. A new service station, hotel and day care centre have already been built and the road leading to the airport has been maintained and re-sealed. In 2016, work began on a 500-metre extension of the existing runway in addition to a $100 million upgrade of the airport. The runway extension is expected to allow international flights to land and increase air-traffic with Antarctica. This upgrade was, in part, funded under a promise made during the 2013 federal election by the Abbott government.[61]

Notable residents

See also: Category:People from Hobart

Arts

Actor Errol Flynn was born in Hobart in 1909.

Sports

Others

Sister cities

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, England, Scotland, Mainland China and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are listed separately
  2. ^ As a percentage of 208,632 persons who nominated their ancestry at the 2016 census.
  3. ^ The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry are part of the Anglo-Celtic group.[33]
  4. ^ Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as Aboriginal Australians or Torres Strait Islanders. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.
  5. ^ Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as Aboriginal Australians or Torres Strait Islanders. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.

References

  1. ^ a b "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017-18: Main Features". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 March 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2019. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018.
  2. ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Hobart (GCCSA)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 16 January 2018. Edit this at Wikidata
  3. ^ "Queen to Honour David Collins in Historic Unveiling". The Mercury. Hobart, Tasmania. 19 February 1954. p. 8, Royal Visit Souvenir supplement. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Climate statistics: Hobart (Ellerslie Road)". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  5. ^ Macquarie ABC Dictionary. The Macquarie Library. 2003. p. 465. ISBN 1-876429-37-2.
  6. ^ "nipaluna is the name of the country in which the city of Hobart sits". Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre. Hobart. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  7. ^ "kunanyi / Mount Wellington". Hobart City Council. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  8. ^ "Antarctic Tasmania". Government of Tasmania. 14 August 2014. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  9. ^ Mocatta, Charles Rawlings-Way, Meg Worby, Gabi (2008). Tasmania (5th ed.). Footscray, Vic.: Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781741046915.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ "City of Hobart – Economic Profile". Archived from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  11. ^ Frank Bolt, The Founding of Hobart 1803–1804, ISBN 0-9757166-0-3
  12. ^ "Encyclopædia Britannica – History of Tasmania". Retrieved 17 July 2008.
  13. ^ The Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia. (ed.) David Horton. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1994 [2 vols] (see: Vol. 2, pp.1008–10 [with map]; individual tribal entries; and the 'Further reading' section on pp.1245–72).
  14. ^ "Tasmanian Yearbook". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 17 July 2008.
  15. ^ "Tasmanian Community Profile". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 17 July 2008.
  16. ^ "REGIONAL OVERVIEW". tra.gov.au. Tourism Research Australiua. Archived from the original on 11 March 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  17. ^ Parliament of Tasmania – House of Assembly Standing Orders "We acknowledge the traditional people of the land upon which we meet today, the Mouheneener people." Archived 30 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ "Advertising". The Mercury. Hobart, Tasmania. 1 January 1881. p. 4. Retrieved 6 June 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  19. ^ Tapper, Andrew; Tapper, Nigel (1996). Gray, Kathleen (ed.). The weather and climate of Australia and New Zealand (First ed.). Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press. p. 300. ISBN 0-19-553393-3.
  20. ^ "Australia's official weather forecasts & weather radar – Bureau of Meteorology".
  21. ^ "Worldwide sunrise, sunset, moonrise and moonset times for 2018 & 2019". sunrisesunsetmap.com. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  22. ^ Ltd, Copyright Global Sea Temperatures – A-Connect. "Hobart Water Temperature – Australia – Sea Temperatures". World Sea Temperatures.
  23. ^ "Climate Statistics: Hobart (Ellerslie Road 1991–2020 normals)". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  24. ^ "Highest Temperature - 094029". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  25. ^ "Lowest Temperature - 094029". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  26. ^ a b "Climate statistics: Hobart Airport". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  27. ^ "Hobart Airport monthly climate statistics". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  28. ^ "Daily maximum temperature Hobart Airport". bom.gov.au. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  29. ^ "Hobart, Australia - Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  30. ^ "Hobart average sea temperature". seatemperature.org. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  31. ^ a b c d e https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/6GHOB?opendocument
  32. ^ a b c d e http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub2016.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2016~Community%20Profile~6GHOB/$File/GCP_6GHOB.zip?OpenElement
  33. ^ Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of. "Feature Article - Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article)". abs.gov.au.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  34. ^ "LDS Church News – Country information: Australia".
  35. ^ "Tasmania". jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
  36. ^ "Welcome to The Baha'i Centre of Learning for Tasmania". Tasbcl. Archived from the original on 26 February 2010. Retrieved 2 April 2010.
  37. ^ [hillsong.com/hobart/]
  38. ^ Collyer, Sam (5 August 2008). "Potential Antarctic boost for Hobart port". Lloyd's List Daily Commercial News. Informa Australia. Archived from the original on 6 August 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2008.
  39. ^ "Why do Business in Hobart? Economic Profile Business". hobartcity.com.au. Hobart City Council. Archived from the original on 16 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  40. ^ "Royal Hobart Hospital – Decon". Decon Corporation – Any Project. Anywhere.
  41. ^ Excellence in Research Australia ERA 2010 national report, Australian Research Council Archived 11 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  42. ^ "Perth loses tourists to Brisbane, Hobart and Canberra". The West Australian. 15 February 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  43. ^ "Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens". Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
  44. ^ Content-Area Vocabulary Strategies for Language Arts. Walch Publishing. 2002. p. 39. ISBN 0-82514337-3.
  45. ^ Hobart Architect Blog, History Section, Blog, 2017
  46. ^ Clark, J. "This Southern Outpost, Hobart 1846–1914" pp. 1
  47. ^ unknown. "A self-guided tour of the Salamanca Arts Centre" (PDF). Salamanca Arts Centre: 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2008. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
  48. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  49. ^ McIntyre, Paul (3 November 2009). "3 November, 2009 12:55 pm AEDT The Theatre Royal celebrates 175 years". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  50. ^ "Australia's First Novelist – The Book Show". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 29 November 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  51. ^ https://darkmofo.net.au Dark Mofo
  52. ^ http://www.festivalofvoices.com Festival of Voices
  53. ^ http://www.hobartfringe.org Hobart Fringe Festival
  54. ^ Bell, John. "Spoilt for choice with wine", The Courier-Mail, 19 May 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
  55. ^ MONA, MONA MOFO program 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
  56. ^ "Hobart Walls"
  57. ^ "Vibrance Festival"
  58. ^ "About us". TasTAFE. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  59. ^ "St. Helen's Private Hospital". Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  60. ^ "Royal Hobart Hospital bracing for mental health load as St Helen's takes holiday break", ABC News (Australia), 15 December 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  61. ^ "Airport works under way". Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  62. ^ "Dennis Miller (II)". IMDb. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
  63. ^ a b c d "Hobart's International Relationships". Hobart City Council. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  64. ^ "Hobart Lord Mayor signs sister city deal with China's Xian". ABC Online. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 20 October 2015.

Further reading

  • Frank Bolt (2004). The Founding of Hobart 1803–1804. Peregrine Pty Ltd, Kettering Tasmania. ISBN 0-9757166-0-3.
  • Peter Timms (2009). In Search of Hobart. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney (NSW). ISBN 978-1-921410-54-3 (hbk.).
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hobart.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Hobart.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Hobart".
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