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Třebíč

Coordinates: 49°12′54″N 15°52′54″E / 49.21500°N 15.88167°E / 49.21500; 15.88167
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Třebíč
Town
Aerial view of the centre of Třebíč
Aerial view of the centre of Třebíč
Flag of Třebíč
Flag
Coat of arms of Třebíč
Coat of arms
Etymology: from name Třebek
Třebíč is located in Czech Republic
Třebíč
Třebíč
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49°12′54″N 15°52′54″E / 49.21500°N 15.88167°E / 49.21500; 15.88167
Country Czech Republic
RegionVysočina
DistrictTřebíč
First mentioned1277
Government
 • MayorPavel Pacal (STAN)
Area
 • Total
57.59 km2 (22.24 sq mi)
Elevation
405 m (1,329 ft)
Population
 (2021-01-01)[1]
 • Total
35,107
 • Density610/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
674 01
Websitewww.trebic.cz
Official nameJewish Quarter and St. Procopius Basilica in Třebíč
Criteriaii, iii
Reference1078
Inscription2003 (27th Session)

Třebíč (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtr̝̊ɛbiːtʃ] ⓘ; Template:Lang-de; Template:Lang-yi) is a town in the Moravian part of the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 35,000 inhabitants. It is the administrative capital of the Třebíč District.

The beginnings of the town's history are connected with the establishment of a Benedictine monastery, where the castle is located today. In the age of its expansion, Třebíč was the third most important town in Moravia. The population growth started after World War II.

There are several well-known tourist sights in the town. The Jewish Quarter and St. Procopius Basilica are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[2] The town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as urban monument zone.

Administrative parts

Administrative parts of Třebíč

The town is made up of 17 town parts and villages:

History

Komenského Square and a municipal tower, west side of Karlovo Square is visible in the left corner, cultural complex Forum is in the middle.
  • 1101 Establishment of Benedictine Monastery.
  • 1277 The oldest deed mentioning the town of Třebíč.
  • 1335 Conferring of town rights to Třebíč according to the royal town of Znojmo.
  • 1338 First references of Jewish settlement.
  • 1468 Třebíč was conquered and destroyed by Matthias Corvinus of Hungary.
  • 19th century Expansion of tannery and shoemaking.
  • 1871 Opening of Národní dům (National House), establishment of grammar school with Czech as teaching language (Gymnázium Třebíč).
  • 1886 First train runs through Třebíč.
  • 1930 Development of shoe making production and construction of workers' colonies – present Borovina
  • 1970s – 80s The town is stigmated by the construction of new housing estates, population increases.
  • 1990s Fast renovation of the town.
  • 2003 Registration of Jewish Quarter and St. Procopius Basilica into UNESCO List of Cultural and Natural Heritage

Sights

The entrance of the Jewish quarter

The historical treasury of Třebíč includes the old Jewish Quarter and the large Romanesque St. Procopius Basilica, which incorporates some later Gothic features, including a rare example of a ten-part (also known as 'botanical') rose window. Such designs reflect the five or ten parts of the family Roseaceae flowers and fruit, based on their five sepals and petals or the usual ten segments of their fruit. Botanical rose windows contrast with more complex Gothic windows that contain more segments (usually multiples of traditional gothic units of design – three trefoil, or four quatrefoil). Another thesis says that these decorations are based on an ancient design, inspired by forerunners in the wheel of life, associated with eastern religions nowadays, or may allude to the Virgin Mary.[3]

The famous Basilica originated in the early 12th century as a Benedictine monastery. It was endowed so well, that it led to the establishment of a local commercial centre; the town of Třebíč. The monastery was rebuilt during the reign of King Wenceslaus I (1230–53), and again at the end of the 15th century. During the first half of the 16th century some of Třebíč's historic monastic buildings were remodeled into a castle, and were later renovated in Baroque style.[3]

In the early eighteenth century changes were introduced on the basilica by the Czech architect František Maxmilián Kaňka; windows were enlarged, buttresses were added, a southwest tower was rebuilt, and a new west front with two towers was constructed in a gothic baroque style.[3]

The historical town of Třebíč, which extends on both sides of the river Jihlava, was declared a urban monument zone in 1990. The Jewish Quarter and St. Procopius Basilica, together with the castle and gardens, are all included within the urban monument zone.[4]

Geography

Třebíč is situated 35 km southeast of Jihlava and 65 km west of Brno on the Jihlava River. The town's elevation is between 392 and 503 metres above sea-level.

Třebíč has a temperate climate with occasional rains. Average annual temperature is 7.5 °C, average temperature in July is 18.5 °C and −3.4 °C in January.

Demography

Historical populations[5][6]
YearPop.±%
17633,149—    
17723,439+9.2%
17914,743+37.9%
17995,010+5.6%
18306,005+19.9%
18436,803+13.3%
18508,002+17.6%
186910,328+29.1%
YearPop.±%
188011,999+16.2%
189013,726+14.4%
190015,309+11.5%
191016,347+6.8%
192117,191+5.2%
193017,555+2.1%
195020,257+15.4%
196120,387+0.6%
YearPop.±%
197022,555+10.6%
198029,017+28.6%
199138,355+32.2%
200139,021+1.7%
201136,998−5.2%
202135,107−5.1%

Transport

See also: Transport in Třebíč
The expressway (I/23) in Třebíč

Important trade routes, that had been leading near Třebíč already in ancient times were called: Habry Route, Lovětín Route and Libice Route.

Nowadays, Třebíč is an important traffic junction of the region. The main roads crossing Třebíč are I/23 (Brno – České Budějovice) and II/360, which connects Třebíč with the highway D1. Road II/405, passing near the town, connects Třebíč with the capital city of Vysočina Region – Jihlava.

The railway has the east–west direction in Třebíč. This railway No. 240 connects Třebíč with cities of Brno and Jihlava. There are two train stations serving the town: Třebíč and Třebíč-Borovina.

There is the small sport airport in the outskirts.

A trolley line was proposed in the past but has never been built.

In Třebíč there are several segregated cycle facilities, including a bike route leading from Jihlava to Raabs an der Thaya, which was built in 2009.

Culture

Festivals

  • Theatre Třebíč (Divadelní Třebíč) – festival of Amateur theatre
  • Šamajim – festival of Jewish culture
  • Třebíč potato festival (Bramborobraní) – folklore festival – music and dance
  • Jubilee Unesco (Oslavy Unesco) – jubilee celebration of town entrance to the UNESCO list
  • Theatre 2-3-4 actors (Divadla 2-3-4 herců) – festival of professional theatre
  • Zámostí – cultural and music festival[7]
  • Concentus Moraviae – concerts of classical music

Education

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the Czech Republic

Třebíč is twinned with:[15][16]

References

  1. ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2021". Czech Statistical Office. 30 April 2021.
  2. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Jewish Quarter and St Procopius' Basilica in Třebíč". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Sváček, Libor (2015). UNESCO. pp. 100–107. ISBN 978-80-7339-067-9.
  4. ^ "Třebíč". pamatkovykatalog.cz (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  5. ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Třebíč" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 21 December 2015. pp. 13–14.
  6. ^ Janák, Jan (1981). Třebíč – Dějiny města II (in Czech) (1st ed.). Blok Brno for ZMM in Třebíč. p. 224.
  7. ^ Zamosti.cz Zamosti.cz
  8. ^ Spst.cz
  9. ^ KGtrebic.cz
  10. ^ Oatrebic.cz
  11. ^ Szstrebic.cz
  12. ^ Sosos.cz
  13. ^ Spsstavebni.trebic.net
  14. ^ Sour-tr.euweb.cz
  15. ^ "Partnerská města" (in Czech). Město Třebíč. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  16. ^ "Čínské město I-čchang požádalo partnerské město Třebíč o pomoc s koronavirem" (in Czech). Český rozhlas. 28 January 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
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