Unless specified otherwise, data is obtained from RDSO diagram books, given in references.
The EMD GT46PAC or WDP4 is a passenger-hauling diesel-electric locomotive with AC electric transmission designed by General Motors Electro-Motive Division and built by both GM-EMD and under license by Banaras Locomotive Works (BLW) of Varanasi, India for Indian Railways as the classes WDP4, WDP4B and WDP4D.[1] The GT46PAC is a passenger version of the previous Indian Railways EMD GT46MAC freight locomotive. The locomotive has a 16-cylinder 710G3B diesel engine and is one of the fastest diesel-electric locomotives in service in Indian Railways.[2]
Variants
There are three variants of this loco - the original WDP-4 which is a 4,000 hp (2,980 kW) loco, the WDP-4B which is a 4,500 hp (3,360 kW)121.2 t (119.3 long tons; 133.6 short tons) weighted loco with a single cab and the newest WDP-4D which is a 4,500 hp (3,360 kW) loco with dual cabs.[3]
WDP-4
SGUJ based WDP4 20081 at Katihar
The WDP-4 was the loco originally designed by GM EMD and 10 of them were dispatched to India by June 2001. Later on Banaras Locomotive Works, Varanasi started building them initially using knocked-down kits and later indigenously. Starting 2003, the locomotives were produced in large numbers by DLW. The locomotive features self diagnostics control using EM2000 onboard microprocessor which was a new technology for Indian Railways back then.
Unlike the Co-Co wheel arrangement featured on most locomotives, including its freight hauling variant, WDG-4, this loco has a Bo1-1Bo wheel arrangement meaning that it has two powered and one unpowered axle per bogie. This was done to reduce the weight of the loco to make it suitable for passenger operations and also to reduce maintenance.[4]
Visibility Issue
The use of the locomotive with the long hood forward configuration has been criticised with respect to the driver's visibility as it is affected due to the protruding radiator section at the hood-end. This criticism has been rejected by the Railways.[5] However, in response, the cab profile of some WDP-4s were widened to increase the field of view from the control cab and the WDP-4B variant was also produced with the same widened cab profile.
This was the first attempt of the Railways to improve upon the successful WDP-4 locomotive. The Bo1-Bo was found inadequate for hauling 24 coach passenger trains due to the reduced tractive effort. As a result, DLW, reconfigured the chassis to be Co-Co instead. This led to better adhesion with the rails to provide better acceleration with heavy trains. Moreover, the original EMD 710 engine was tweaked to produce an output of 4,500 HP instead of the original 4,000 HP. One more important change added to this loco was the inclusion of Blended Brake System. This was added to maximise the use of Dynamic brakes by the loco-pilot and therefore minimise the wear and tear on the fixed brake rigging of the coaches and the locomotive. The addition of blended brake is responsible for the subclass to be designated with a 'B'. Some more features are the widening of the cab profile to aid visibility, change in the Traction Motor blower by installing a higher power motor and increase in the axle load to 20.2 tonnes (19.9 long tons; 22.3 short tons). The locomotive also has a self load test feature that allows it to test the net output of the engine. In Siemens and EMD systems, the loco has been provided with 2 traction inverters (TCC-1 and TCC-2, for the respective bogies) while in the Medha system, it has 6 traction inverters, one for each traction motor.[6]
The final alterations to the GT46PAC came in the form of the WDP-4D. The locomotive is the most distinctively identifiable of the three thanks to the addition of a second cab at the long hood end of the locomotive. Due to the heat generated from the radiator at the second cab end of the locomotive, DLW had to install air conditioning to protect both the electrical components and the loco-pilot from the high temperatures. The existing features from WDP-4B have been carried forward to this class and it exclusively features the widened cab profile. The loco features a completely different desk control stand, provided by Medha with digital display screens allowing for remote fault diagnostics. Many locos also have GSM-R based transmission antennae to transmit critical loco info for use by maintenance and signalling staff. It features electro-pnuematic microprocessor based control adapted from the WDP-4B and brake system equipment of KNORR/NYAB CCB type.[7]
Road number
The locomotives are numbered from No. 20000 upwards till 20103 and further numbering of the loco along with its WDP-4B/4D variants is from 40001 up until 40608. The jump in the numbering is due to the 20XXX series almost breaching the start of the numbering of another locomotive class, the WCG-2 which is a DC electric locomotive whose numbering started from 20105.[8]
The WDP-4D class variant of GT46PAC
Builders
The first set of 10 locos starting from road number 20000 to 20009 were manufactured by the Electro Motive Diesel (EMD) of (General Motors) while road numbers 20011 upwards have been manufactured by Banaras Locomotive Works (DLW) of Varanasi in collaboration with GM (General motors). Siemens and Medha are part of this group providing a large number of components of the electronics on board this loco such as the control stand and traction inverters.[9] Additional components are acquired through tenders and a bidding process.
File:UBL WDP4B.jpgUBL based WDP-4B with Konkan Kanya ExpressFile:BGKT WDP4B.jpgBGKT based WDP-4B with an express trainSGUJ WDP 4 at KatiharSGUJ WDP 4 hauling Rajdhani ExpressBGKT WDP-4B with Sapt Kranti ExpressSGUJ WDP-4D at NGC yardSiliguri WDP-4D with Amarnath ExpressSGUJ WDP-4 in Baaz liveryFile:WDP4D 40590.jpgPune based WDP-4D with Karnataka ExpressBhagat Ki Kothi based WDP-4B with Shramjeevi ExpressTKD WDP-4B (HOG) equipped locomotive
Indian Railway was planning for a dual mode locomotive from 2015. In 2019 Banaras Locomotive Works Varanasi, RDSO and CLW together have got the successes of producing a new class of dual mode locomotive named WDAP-5 which can run on both diesel and electric. The design of the locomotive is based on WDP-4D and the bogies were taken from WDG-5. It has been designed for a speed capable of 135kmph. It will produce 4500Hp in diesel mode and 5500Hp in electric mode. Fuel tank capacity 3000 liters which is half than WDP-4 due to weight saving. Only 1 unit has been produced till now and it is in trial with RDSO.
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