User:Citing/sandbox3
Description
The basic cause of population structure in sexually reproducing species is non-random mating between groups: if all individuals within a population mate randomly, then the frequencies of alleles between groups should be similar. Population structure commonly arises from physical separation by distance or barriers, like mountains and rivers, followed by genetic drift. Other causes include gene flow from migrations, population bottlenecks and expansions, founder effects, evolutionary pressure, random chance, and (in humans) cultural factors. Even in lieu of these factors, individuals tend to stay close to where they were born, which means that alleles will not be distributed at random with respect to the full range of the species.[1][2]
Measures
Heterozygosity (and substructure)
F-statistic
Hardy–Weinberg
Refs
- ^ Cardon LR, Palmer LJ (February 2003). "Population stratification and spurious allelic association". Lancet. 361 (9357): 598–604. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12520-2. PMID 12598158. S2CID 14255234.
- ^ McVean G (2001). "Population Structure" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-11-23. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
- ^ Coop, Graham Coop (2019). "Chapter 2". Population and Quantitative Genetics (3rd ed.).
- ^ Meirmans, Patrick G.; Hedrick, Philip W. (2010). "Assessing population structure:FST and related measures". Molecular Ecology Resources. 11 (1): 5–18. doi:10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02927.x. ISSN 1755-098X.
- ^ Barroso, Gustavo V.; Moutinho, Ana Filipa; Dutheil, Julien Y. (2020), Dutheil, Julien Y. (ed.), "A Population Genomics Lexicon", Statistical Population Genomics, vol. 2090, New York, NY: Springer US, pp. 3–17, doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0199-0_1, ISBN 978-1-0716-0198-3, retrieved 2021-05-31
- ^ Liu, Chi-Chun; Shringarpure, Suyash; Lange, Kenneth; Novembre, John (2020), Dutheil, Julien Y. (ed.), "Exploring Population Structure with Admixture Models and Principal Component Analysis", Statistical Population Genomics, vol. 2090, New York, NY: Springer US, pp. 67–86, doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0199-0_4, ISBN 978-1-0716-0198-3, retrieved 2021-05-31
- ^ Gillespie, John H. (1998). "4". Population genetics : a concise guide. Baltimore, Md: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-5754-6. OCLC 36817311.
- ^ Hartl, Daniel L.; Clark, Andrew G. (1997). "4". Principles of population genetics (3rd ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-87893-306-9. OCLC 37481398.