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Charles Sudetic, Historical Setting, Wikidata Q100998544
Country study cleanup:
- Law enforcement in China
- Economic history of China (1949–present)
- Politics of Finland
- Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Adivasi
- Saudi Arabian National Guard
- Cyprus Convention
- Free Thai Movement
- Country Profile. xxv
- Introduction. xli
- Chapter 1. Historical Setting. 1
- EARLY HISTORY. 3
- Kush. 4
- Meroe. 5
- Christian Nubia. 7
- THE COMING OF ISLAM . 8
- The Arabs. 10
- The Decline of Christian Nubia. 11
- The Rule of the Kashif. . 12
- The Funj. 12
- The Fur. 13
- Southern Groups. 14
- THE TURKIYYAH, 1821-85 . 14
- THE MAHDIYYAH, 1885-98 . 17
- The Khalifa. 20
- The Reconquest of Sudan. 21
- THE ANGLO-EGYPTIAN CONDOMINIUM, 1899-1955 . 22
- Britain’s Southern Policy. 26
- The Rise of Sudanese Nationalism. 27
- The Road to Independence. 28
- The South and the Unity of Sudan. 29
- INDEPENDENT SUDAN . 31
- The Politics of Independence. 31
- The Abbud Military Government, 1958-64. 33
- Return to Civilian Rule, 1964-69. 34
- THE AL-NUMAYRI ERA, 1969-85 . 36
- The Revolutionary Command Council. 36
- The Southern Problem. 38
- Political Developments. 39
- National Reconciliation. 40
- Economic Developments since Independence. 41
- THE TRANSITIONAL MILITARY COUNCIL . 42
- SADIQ AL-MAHDI AND COALITION
- GOVERNMENTS . 43
- UMAR AL-BASHIR AND THE ISLAMIST REVOLUTION . 44
- Hassan al-Turabi and the Islamization of Sudan. 50
- Sudan and International Terrorism. 53
- The Peace Process in Southern Sudan. 56
- EARLY HISTORY. 3
- Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment. 59
very general, hard to see this fitting in
- PHYSICAL SETTING. 62 outdated
- Geographic Regions. 63
Geography of Sudan - Soils. 66 Geography of Sudan
- Hydrology. 67 Geography of Sudan
- Climate. 70 Geography of Sudan
- Geographic Regions. 63
- POPULATION. 71
Demographics of Sudan - MIGRATION AND REFUGEES . 73
- ETHNICITY AND LANGUAGES. 76
- Ethnicity. 76
- Languages. 77 Languages of Sudan
- ETHNIC GROUPS . 79
- Muslim Peoples. 79
- Non-Muslim Peoples. 87
- Regionalism and Ethnicity. 93
- RELIGIOUS LIFE. 96
- Islam: Tenets and Practice. 96 Islam in Sudan
- Islamic Movements and Religious Orders. 100 Islam in Sudan
- Christianity. 103 Christianity in Sudan
- Indigenous African Religions. 106 not clear on what to do with this one; seems to principally relate to South Sudan
- Islam: Tenets and Practice. 96
- SOCIAL ORDER. 109 Sudanese society
- Northern Society. 110 Sudanese society
- Southern Communities. Ill relevant to South Sudan, may revisit later
- Urban and National Elites. 114 Sudanese society
- Women and the Family. 118 We already have the relatively well-developed Gender inequality in Sudan; need to sort out what may be new
- Northern Society. 110
- EDUCATION. 120
- Development of the Education System. 121 Education in Sudan
- Primary and Secondary Education. 123 Education in Sudan
- Educational Opportunity. 125 Education in Sudan
- Female Education . 127 Education in Sudan
- Higher Education . 128 Education in Sudan
- Development of the Education System. 121
- HEALTH. 132
- Regional Disparities. 132 Health in Sudan
- Healthcare. 134
- Diseases. 136 Health in Sudan, HIV/AIDS in Sudan
- Regional Disparities. 132
- PHYSICAL SETTING. 62
- Chapter 3. The Economy. 141
- HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT. 144 Economic history of Sudan
- The Colonial Period. 144 Economic history of Sudan
- The Postcolonial Period. 144 Economic history of Sudan
- The Colonial Period. 144
- STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY. 147
- Overview of the Economy. 147
- Gross Domestic Product. 148
- Prices and Inflation. 150 Inflation in Sudan
- Privatization. 150
- Foreign Investment. 151
- ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT. 153
- Development Planning and the Debt. 153
- The Budget. 155
- Foreign Aid. 156 Foreign aid to Sudan
- MONEY AND BANKING. 160
- Currency. 160
- Banking. 161 Banking in Sudan
- Islamic Banking. 163 Banking in Sudan
- LABOR FORCE, WAGES, AND UNIONS . 164
- Labor Force. 164 Labor force in Sudan
- The Informal Sector. 166
- Wages. 168 Minimum wage in Sudan, 1997 Labour Code
- Unions. 169 Labor unions in Sudan
- Labor Force. 164
- AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK, FISHERIES, AND FORESTRY. 171 Mainly Agriculture in Sudan, as indicated below
- Land Use. 172 Agriculture in Sudan
- Land Tenure. 173 Agriculture in Sudan
- Agriculture. 174 Agriculture in Sudan, History of irrigation in Sudan
- Crops. 181 Agriculture in Sudan
- Livestock. 183 Agriculture in Sudan
- Fisheries. 186 Fishing in Sudan
- Forestry. 187 Forestry in Sudan
- Land Use. 172
- INDUSTRY. 189
- Manufacturing. 189 Manufacturing in Sudan
- Energy. 192 Energy in Sudan
- Mining. 196 Mining industry of Sudan
- Petroleum. 197 Petroleum industry in Sudan
- Manufacturing. 189
- TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS . . 201
- Railroads . 201 Rail transport in Sudan
- Roads. 205 Transport in Sudan
- Inland Waterways. 206 Transport in Sudan
- Civil Aviation. 208 Transport in Sudan
- Marine Ports and Shipping. 209 Transport in Sudan
- Pipelines. 210 Transport in Sudan
- Telecommunications. 211 Telecommunications in Sudan
- Railroads . 201
- INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND BALANCE OF PAYMENTS. 213 Foreign trade of Sudan
- International Trade. 213 Foreign trade of Sudan
- Balance of Payments. 215 Foreign trade of Sudan
- International Trade. 213
- PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE . 216 not appropriate for an encyclopedia
- HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT. 144
- Chapter 4. Government and Politics. 221
- THE AL-BASHIR ERA. 224
- Institutions of Government. 227
- Recent Constitutional Developments. 228 Constitution of Sudan
- The Federal System. 229
- Elections. 232 1986 Sudanese parliamentary election; 1996 Sudanese general election; 2000 Sudanese general election; Elections in Sudan (2010 Sudanese general election is already well developed)
- Corruption and Governance Issues. 234 Corruption in Sudan is already well developed.
- The Presidency. 235
- National Council of Ministers. 237
- South Sudan Council of Ministers. 238
- National Legislature. 239
- South Sudan Legislative Assembly. 240
- Civil Service. 241 Civil service in Sudan
- State and Local Government. 242 Politics of Sudan
- THE LEGAL SYSTEM . 244 Legal system of Sudan
- The Courts. 245 Legal system of Sudan
- Sharia Law. 248 Legal system of Sudan
- Human Rights. 249
- The Courts. 245
- POLITICAL GROUPS. 251
- National Congress Party. 253
- Popular Congress Party. 254 Popular Congress Party, Hassan al-Turabi, Islamism in Sudan
- Umma. 256
- Democratic Unionist Party. 258
- National Democratic Alliance . 259
- Sudanese National Alliance . 260 Sudanese National Alliance
- Sudan Communist Party. 260
- Other Northern Political Groups. 261 Sudanese Socialist Union
- Western Political Groups. 261 added some to National Movement for Reform and Development
- Eastern Political Groups. 262 articles already relatively well developed
- Sudan People’s Liberation Movement. 263
- Other Southern Groups. 264
- REGIONAL DYNAMICS AND CONFLICT . 266
- South Sudan. 267
- Western Sudan. 269
- Eastern Sudan. 270
- INFORMATION MEDIA. 271
- Print Media. 272 Media of Sudan
- Radio, Television, and Internet. 274 Media of Sudan
- Print Media. 272
- FOREIGN RELATIONS . 275
- Egypt. 277 Egypt–Sudan relations
- Libya. 278 Libya–Sudan relations
- Ethiopia and Eritrea. 280 Eritrea–Sudan relations, Ethiopia–Sudan relations
- Chad and the Central African Republic. 282 Central African Republic–Sudan relations, Chad–Sudan relations.
- The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Kenya. 284
- African Regional Organizations. 286 Foreign relations of Sudan
- Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. 287 Iran–Sudan relations, Foreign relations of Sudan, Foreign relations of Iraq, Foreign relations of Yemen
- Arab and Islamic Organizations. 288 Foreign relations of Sudan
- China, Russia, India, and Malaysia. 289 Malaysia–Sudan relations, India–Sudan relations; China–Sudan relations is already well-developed; Russia–Sudan relations
- European Union, Britain, and France. 291 Foreign relations of Sudan, Foreign relations of France, Sudan–United Kingdom relations
- United States. 292 Sudan–United States relations
- United Nations. 294 Foreign relations of Sudan
- Egypt. 277
- OUTLOOK. 296 not appropriate for an encyclopedia
- THE AL-BASHIR ERA. 224
- Chapter 5. National Security. 299
- THE MILITARY IN NATIONAL LIFE. 302
- Early Development of the Armed Forces. 302
- World War I. 303
- The Interwar Period. 304
- The Italian-Ethiopian War and World War II. 305
- Role in Government. 306
- The Armed Forces in Sudanese Society. 310
- EXTERNAL SECURITY CONCERNS . 312
- Relations with Neighboring States. 312
- United States-Sudanese Relations. 316 Sudan–United States relations
- CIVIL WARFARE IN THE SOUTH AND WEST. 317
- First Southern Civil War, 1955-72 . 317
- Second Southern Civil War, 1983-2005 . 318
- Security Provisions of the CPA. 321
- The War in Darfur, 2003-11 . 324
- AU and UN Forces in Darfur. 329
- THE SUDAN ARMED FORCES . 330
- Army. 331
- Air Force. 333 Sudanese Air Force
- Navy. 334
- Personnel. 334
- Training. 336
- Defense Expenditures. 337
- THE SUDANESE PEOPLE’S LIBERATION MOVEMENT/ARMY . 337
- PARAMILITARY GROUPS AND FORCED MIGRATION. 340
- Militias. 340
- Forced Migration. 343
- FOREIGN MILITARY ASSISTANCE. 344 Sudanese Armed Forces
- INTERNAL SECURITY AGENCIES. 348
- The Sudan Police Force. 348 Law enforcement in Sudan
- Security and Intelligence Apparatus . 351
- The Sudan Police Force. 348
- THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM . 353
- Criminal Courts and Laws. 353
- The Prison System. 356 Prisons in Sudan
- FUTURE PROSPECTS . 358
- THE MILITARY IN NATIONAL LIFE. 302