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Jathedar of the Akal Takht

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{{Infobox official post | post = Jathedar | body = Akal Takht | native_name = ਜੱਥੇਦਾਰ ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ ਸਾਹਿਬ | flag = Nishan_Sahib.svg | flagsize = 150px | flagborder = | flagcaption = Flag of Akal Takht | insignia = | insigniasize = | insigniacaption = | image = | imagesize = | alt = | incumbent = Giani Harpreet Singh ([[]])
{{{1}}}
Harpreet Singh (SGPC)
{{small|since | acting = yes | incumbentsince = | type = | status = | department = | style = Bhai Sahib
Honorable Jathedar (Formal)
Singh Sahib (Formal) | member_of = Khalsa | reports_to = Waheguru | residence = | seat = Akal Takht | nominator = | appointer = Sarbat Khalsa
SGPC | appointer_qualified = | termlength = | termlength_qualified = | constituting_instrument = | precursor = | formation = 17th century | first = Bhai Gurdas
as Custodian of Akal Takht


The Jathedar of the Akal Takht (Template:Lang-pa), is the appointed head of the Akal Takht and the Sikhs of the world. Sikh clergy consists of five Jathedars, one each from five Takhts.

Originally known as Akal Bunga,[1] the building directly opposite the Darbar Sahib was built by Guru Hargobind as a place of justice and consideration of temporal issues; the highest seat of earthly authority of the Khalsa and the place of the Jathedar, the highest spokesman of the Sikhs.

Origin

In 1606, after the execution of Guru Arjan, Guru Hargobind, bearing the two swords of politics (miri) and spirituality (piri), declared himself sovereign, and defied the royal edict of the Mugal empire.[2] Recognising the necessity of coordinating efforts against the Mughal empire, the Guru simultaneously began the process of militarising the Sikhs. The first hukamnama issued from Akal Takht commanded the Sikhs to offer arms and horses.[3] Before leaving Amritsar for imprisonment, Guru Hargobind assigned the original scribe of Guru Granth Sahib, Bhai Gurdas as the custodian of Akal Takht, and instructed him to act jointly with Baba Buddha as the representative of the Sikhs.[citation needed]

Following the establishment of the Khalsa, which took effect on 13 April 1699, Guru Gobind Singh sent Mani Singh and five other Khalsas to Amritsar with instructions to take possession of the Darbar Sahib complex. The Khalsas assigned Mani Singh as the head granth of Darbar Sahib and the jathedar of Akal Takht. After the passing of Guru Gobind Singh, the Sikh divisions accepted the common leadership and sovereignty of Akal Takht.[4]

Selection process

During the 18th and 19th century, Jathedars of Akal Takht were appointed by the Sarbat Khalsa, a biannual deliberative assembly of the Sikhs held at Amritsar, Punjab.

From 1921, Jathedars of Takhts have been appointed by Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC), an elected body of the Sikhs controlled by Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD), a political party in the state of Punjab and an ally of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

A Sarbat Khalsa convened by Sikh organisations in 2015 appointed Jagtar Singh Hawara as the Jathedar of Akal Takht. The SGPC president at that time, Avtar Singh Makkar, however condemned the convening as against the principles of Sikhism and it's decisions null and void. He added that the removal of Jathedars came under Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925 and no one could challenge the SGPC's authority.[5]

List

Colour key

  Sarbat Khalsa   SGPC

No. Name
(Birth–Death) 		Portrait Assigned by Term of office Ref
Custodians of Akal Takht
style="background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"| 1 Bhai Gurdas
(1551–1636) 		Guru Hargobind 1618 1636
style="background:Template:Independent politician/meta/color;"| 2 Mani Singh
(1644–1737) 		File:Execution of Bhai Mani Singh.jpg Guru Gobind Singh 1721 24 June
1734 		[6]
[7]
[8]
Jathedars of Akal Takht
3 Darbara Singh
(1644–1734) 		Sarbat Khalsa 1722 1734 [9]
4 Kapur Singh Virk
(1697–1753) 		Sarbat Khalsa 1737 1753 [10]
[9]
[11]
5 Jassa Singh Ahluwalia
(1718–1783) 		File:PicKingRaja.jpg Sarbat Khalsa 1753 1783 [12]
[13]
6 Phula Singh
(1761–1823) 		Sarbat Khalsa 1800 1823 [9]
7 Hanuman Singh
(1755–1846) 		Sarbat Khalsa 1823 1846 [9]
8 Prahlad Singh
 Sarbat Khalsa 1846 Unknown [14]
9 Sardar Jassa Singh
 Sarbat Khalsa 1848 Unknown [14]
10 Arur Singh Naushera
(1865-1926) 		Sarbat Khalsa 1907 August
1920 		[15]
11 Teja Singh Bhuchar
 Sarbat Khalsa 12 October
1920 		1921 [16][17][7]
12 Teja Singh Akarpuri
(1892-1975) 		SGPC 29 April
1921 		13 October
1923 		[18]
13 Udham Singh Nagoke
(1894-1966) 		SGPC 1923 1924 [16]
14 Acchar Singh
(1893-1976) 		SGPC 09 February
1924 		10 January
1926 		[19]
15 Udham Singh Nagoke
(1894-1966) 		SGPC 10 January
1926 		short period [19]
16 Teja Singh Akarpuri
(1892-1975) 		SGPC 27 November
1926 		21 January
1930 		[18]
17 Didar Singh
 SGPC 1925 short period [16]
[17]
18 Jawaher Singh Mattu Bhaike
 SGPC 1926 short period [16][17]
19 Gurmukh Singh Musafir
 SGPC 1931 1934 [16][17]
20 Wasakha Singh Dadehar
(1877-1957) 		SGPC October
1934 		December
1934
21 Mohan Singh Nagoke
(1898-1969) 		SGPC 1935 1952 [17]
22 Partap Singh
(1904-1984) 		SGPC 1952 1954 [20]
23 Acchar Singh
(1893-1976) 		SGPC 23 May
1955 		08 November
1962 		[19]
24 Mohan Singh Tur
(1916-1979) 		SGPC [21]
25 Sadhu Singh Bhaura
(1905-1984) 		SGPC 1964 1980
26 Gurdial Singh Ajnoha
(1927-1982) 		SGPC 2 March
1980 		1983
27 Kirpal Singh
(1918-1993) 		SGPC 1983 26 July
1986 		[22]
28 Jasbir Singh Rode
 Sarbat Khalsa[citation needed] 9 March
1988 		1989
29 Darshan Singh
(born 1940) 		SGPC 1989 1990
30 Manjit Singh
 SGPC 1994 1997
31 Ranjit Singh
SGPC 1997 1999
32 Puran Singh
 SGPC 1999 2000
33 Joginder Singh Vadanti
SGPC 2000 2008
34 Gurbachan Singh
(born 1948) 		SGPC 06 August
2008 		18 October
2018 		[23][24]
35 Jagtar Singh Hawara
(born 1973) 		Sarbat Khalsa 10 November
2015 		Incumbent [25]
Acting Jathedars of Akal Takht
1 Partap Singh
(1904-1984) 		SGPC 1938 1948 [20]
2 Kirpal Singh
(1918-1993) 		SGPC 1963 1965 [22]
3 Gurdev Singh Kaunke
(1949-1993) 		Sarbat Khalsa 26 January
1986 		1993 [26]
4 Gurbachan Singh Manochahal
(1954-1993) 		Sarbat Khalsa 27 April
1986 		26 January
1987 		[26][27]
5 Darshan Singh
(born 1940) 		SGPC 31 December
1986 		9 March
1988 		[27][26][28]
6 Dhian Singh Mand
 Sarbat Khalsa 10 November
2015 		Incumbent [25][29]
7 Harpreet Singh
 SGPC 22 October
2018 		Incumbent [24]

References

  1. ^ "Akal Bunga". The Sikh Encyclopedia. Gateway to Sikhism Foundation. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  2. ^ Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh (1980). The Akal Takht. Jalandhar: Sikh University Press.
  3. ^ Singh, Surinderpal. "Celebrating the foundation day of Akal Takht Sahib (Akal Bunga)". Sikhri. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  4. ^ Chauhan, G.S. (2005). The Gospel Of The Sikh Gurus. New Delhi: Hemkunt Publishers. p. xiv. ISBN 81-7010-353-3.
  5. ^ At Sarbat Khalsa, hardliners appoint Hawara Akal Takht Jathedar
  6. ^ Dilgeer, Dr. Harjinder Singh. Akal Takht Sahib. Guru Nanak Institute of Sikh Studies. p. 107.
  7. ^ a b Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh (January 1995). Akal Takht Sahib: Concept and Role (2 ed.). Singh Brothers. ISBN 2-930247-38-X.
  8. ^ Singh, Sukhdayal (1991). Siri Akal Takhat Sahib Sarbat Khalsa Ate Gurmatta. Punjab University, Patiala. p. 3. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
  9. ^ a b c d "Jathedars (7th till 1st)". Shiromani Panth Akali Budha Dal (Panjwan Takhat). Archived from the original on 8 May 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  10. ^ "Nawab Kapur Singh Virk (1697-1753)". Sikhism History. Sikhism History. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  11. ^ Nabha, Kahan Singh (13 April 1930). Gur Shabad Ratanakar Mahankosh (1 ed.). Languages Department of Punjab, Patiala. p. ਕਪੂਰ ਸਿੰਘ. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  12. ^ Nabha, Kahan Singh (13 April 1930). Gur Shabad Ratanakar Mahankosh (1 ed.). Languages Department of Punjab, Patiala. p. ਜੱਸਾ ਸਿੰਘ. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  13. ^ Bedi, Daljit Singh. "ਸੁਲਤਾਨ-ਉਲ-ਕੌਮ ਜੱਸਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਆਹਲੂਵਾਲੀਆ ਨੂੰ ਯਾਦ ਕਰਦਿਆਂ..." Ajit Jalandhar. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  14. ^ a b "Jathedars (14th till 8th)". Shiromani Panth Akali Budha Dal (Panjwan Takhat). Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
  15. ^ Mittal, Satish Chandra (1997). Freedom Movement in Punjab (1905-29) (1 ed.). Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. p. 149.
  16. ^ a b c d e Singh, Balkar (April 1995). Akal Takht Sahib Jot Te Jugat. Chandigarh: Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. p. Appendices.
  17. ^ a b c d e Dilgeer, Harjinder Singh (1980). The Akal Takht. Jalandhar: Punjabi Book Company Jullundur. p. 98.
  18. ^ a b Mikhayhu, Alain (2011). Teja Singh Akarpuri. Tempor. ISBN 9786138779568.
  19. ^ a b c Bharti, Mahinder Singh (3 August 1997). Sankep Jeevani Singh Sahib Jathedar Aachar Singh Ji. Bhai Chatar Singh Jiwan Singh. p. 6.
  20. ^ a b Nirankari, Dr Maan Singh (1900s). Giani Partap Singh Ji. Darbar Printing Press. p. 17.
  21. ^ Anttal, Gurpreet Singh. "ਬਰਸੀ 'ਤੇ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼-ਜਥੇਦਾਰ ਮੋਹਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਤੁੜ". Ajit Jalandhar. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  22. ^ a b "Kirpal Singh, Singh Sahib Giani". The Sikh Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 25 October 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  23. ^ Why a road-safety rule has upset some Sikhs
  24. ^ a b "Giani Harpreet Singh is acting jathedar of Akal Takht". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
  25. ^ a b Deep, Ajay. "Jagtar Singh Hawara is the new Akal Takht Jathedar via Sarbat Khalsa". Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  26. ^ a b c Singh, Harjinder (2011). Game of Love (2 ed.). Walsall: Akaal Publishers. pp. 96–97. ISBN 9780955458712.
  27. ^ a b Walia, Varinder. "'Misdeeds' of stalwarts during militancy Amritsar ex-DC reveals it all". The Tribune. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
  28. ^ Chima, Jusdep Singh (2010). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India. New Delhi: SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd. p. 141. ISBN 9788132103028.
  29. ^ "Parallel Jathedar Mand's bid to give sandesh at Golden Temple foiled". 2017-10-20.
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