Deductible
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In an insurance policy, the deductible is the amount paid out of pocket by the policy holder before an insurance provider will pay any expenses.[1] In general usage, the term deductible may be used to describe one of several types of clauses that are used by insurance companies as a threshold for policy payments.
Deductibles are typically used to deter the large number of claims that a consumer can be reasonably expected to bear the cost of. By restricting its coverage to significant enough events to incur large costs, the insurance firm expects to pay out slightly smaller amounts much less frequently, incurring much higher savings.[citation needed] As a result, insurance premiums are typically cheaper when they involve higher deductibles. For example, health insurance companies offer plans with high premiums and low deductibles or plans with low premiums and high deductibles. One plan may have a premium of $1,087 a month with a $6,000 deductible, while a competitive plan may have a premium of $877 a month with a $12,700 deductible. The consumer with the $6,000 deductible will have to pay $6,000 in health care costs before the insurance plan pays anything. The consumer with the $12,700 deductible will have to pay $12,700.[2]
Deductibles are normally provided as clauses in an insurance policy that dictate how much of an insurance-covered expense is borne by the policyholder. They are normally quoted as a fixed quantity and are a part of most policies covering losses to the policy holder. The insurer then becomes liable for claimable expenses that exceed this amount (subject to the maximum sum claimable indicated in the contract). Depending on the policy, the deductible may apply per covered incident, or per year. For policies where incidents are not easy to delimit (health insurance, for example), the deductible is typically applied per year.
Several deductibles can be set by the insurer based on the cause of the claim. For example, a single housing insurance policy may contain multiple deductible amounts for loss or damage arising from theft, fire, natural calamities, evacuation, etc.
There are also deductible reimbursement programs that reimburse a deductible in the event of an automobile, home, boat/yacht, or health insurance claim.
Difference from franchise
A deductible should not be confused with a franchise. A deductible represents a part of the expense for which the insurer is not liable, but the franchise is a pure threshold beyond which liability for the entire expense is transferred to the insurer. For example, with a franchise of $20,000, a claim of $19,900 is borne entirely by the policyholder, and a claim of $20,100 is borne entirely by the insurer.
High deductibles after windstorms or hailstorm are becoming the normal state of affairs. As a matter of course, insurance agents should explore and offer their clients "deductible buy down" coverage. During the claims process, experts warn there are moments in which people can be taken expolited.
If the repair costs are fair, but the deductible is higher expected, Texas allows consumers to finance their deductible through certain companies to pay for it over a period of time.
Also, a contractor who claims to help get money from the insurance company should be ignored.[3]
Difference from excess
An excess can refer to one of two very different insurance terms.
Excess post-hospitalization is the extra costs borne by the insured over the maximum coverage that the insurance company pays. This terminology is especially common in areas of insurance sensitive to loss (like liability insurance) and is addressed by the insurance market through excess line insurance companies through mechanisms such as excess insurance, gap insurance, and umbrella insurance.
Excess pre-hospitalization is an insurance exception that is often interchangeably but wrongly referred to also as an excess or a deductible. It is "the first amount of the claim which the insured has to bear. If the insured has an excess of $500 and the total repair costs $3,000, then the insured has to pay $500 while the insurer pays the remaining $2,500."[4]
Automobile and property insurance
In a typical automobile insurance policy, a deductible applies to claims arising from damage to or loss of the policyholder's own vehicle whether the damage or loss is caused by accidents for which the holder is responsible or by vandalism or theft. Depending on the policy, the deductible may differ by the type of expense incurred that triggers the insurance claim.[4]
Third-party liability coverages including auto liability, general liability, garage keepers, inland marine, professional liability, and workers compensation are also written with deductibles. the deductibles on commercial liability policies are known as third-party deductibles or liability deductibles. Because the insured and claimant are not the same entity, insurers cannot pay the claim minus the deductible. That creates a receivable owed from the insured to the insurer. The complexity of identifying these third-party deductible receivables often causes many to be missed by the insurer and millions of dollars to go uncollected.[5]
An insured has the option to accept an appearance allowance that can be used towards their deductible. Appearance allowances help manage repair costs by allowing the insured to choose not to fix expensive parts with minor damage and use the money towards their deductible.[6]
Health and travel insurance
Most health insurance policies and some travel insurance policies have deductibles as well. The type of health insurance deductibles can also vary, as individual amounts and family amounts.
The nature of the medical treatment makes the insured often face multiple medical expenses spread over several days for a single illness or injury. Therefore, health insurance deductibles often tend to be imposed on a term basis (e.g. annually), rather than a per visit threshold.[7] However, major medical insurance policies may have a per visit excess, which often does not cover the cost of routine visits to a GP unless it is certified to be a part of continuous treatment, and the bills can be collated in a single claim.
Industrial and commercial insurance
Industrial risks commonly have the deductible expressed as a percentage of the loss, often though not always with a minimum and maximum amount. That is similar to co-insurance in which the company pays a certain percentage of the losses, coupled with minimum and maximum payment thresholds. For example, with a deductible of 10% with a minimum of $1,500 and a maximum of $5,000, a claim of $25,000 would incur a deductible of $2,500 (i.e. 10% of the loss), and the resulting payment would be $22,500. A claim below $15,000 would incur the minimum deductible of $1,500, and a claim above $50,000 would incur the maximum deductible of $5,000.
See also
References
- ^ O'Sullivan, Arthur; Sheffrin, Steven M. (2003). Economics: Principles in Action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 524. ISBN 0-13-063085-3.
- ^ How 'affordable' are Obamacare plans? By Tami Luhby, CNN, November 21, 2013
- ^ Deductible. FMD
- ^ a b From Vehicle Owners FAQ on Singapore's Auto Insurance: http://www.vehicleowners.com/FAQExcessFreeInfo.php Archived 2013-05-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Warnagiris, Joseph (February 2009). "Collecting Third Party Deductibles". Claims Magazine.
- ^ Lee, Sharon M.; Edmonston, Barry (2010). ""Canadian" as National Ethnic Origin: Trends and Implications". Canadian Ethnic Studies. 41 (3): 77–108. doi:10.1353/ces.2010.0040. ISSN 1913-8253.
- ^ What is the difference between co-payments, coinsurance, and deductibles?
External links
- Connelly, Joseph (March 3, 2008). "Homeowner's Insurance & the Claims Process - Radio Interview March 3, 2008". WPBR - The Justice Hour with Lisa Macci. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
- Warnagiris, Joseph (February 2009). "Collecting Third Party Deductibles". Claims Magazine.
