LMS Patriot Class 5551 The Unknown Warrior

LMS Patriot Class 5551 The Unknown Warrior
An almost complete looking 5551 inside the shed at Crewe Heritage Centre, on this day it was to have its new crest unveiled.
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer Sir Henry Fowler (original designer) Builder Original - LMS Crewe Works, Replica - The LMS Patriot Project Build date Original - May 1934, Replica - 2008–present
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 4-6-0 Gauge 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge Leading dia. 3 ft 3 in (0.991 m) Driver dia. 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) Length 62 ft 8+3⁄4 in (19.120 m) Loco weight 80.75 long tons (82.05 t; 90.44 short tons) Tender weight 42.70 long tons (43.39 t; 47.82 short tons) Total weight 123.45 long tons (125.43 t; 138.26 short tons) Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 5.5 long tons (5.6 t; 6.2 short tons) Water cap. 3,900 imp gal (18,000 L; 4,700 US gal) Firebox: ​  • Grate area 30+1⁄2 sq ft (2.83 m2) Boiler G9½S Boiler pressure 200 psi (1.4 MPa) Heating surface: ​  • Firebox 183 sq ft (17.0 m2)  • Tubes and flues 1,552 sq ft (144.2 m2) Superheater: ​  • Heating area 365 sq ft (33.9 m2) Cylinders 3 Cylinder size 18 in × 26 in (457 mm × 660 mm) Valve gear Walschaerts Valve type Piston valves Train brakes Vacuum (primary), Air
Performance figures Tractive effort 26,520 lbf (118.0 kN)
Career Class Patriot Class Numbers 5551 (LMS Colours) 45551 (BR Colours) 98651 (TOPS) Official name The Unknown Warrior First run Original - May 1934, Replica - Retired June 1962 Disposition Original locomotive scrapped, replica under construction

No.5551 The Unknown Warrior is a replica LMS Patriot Class steam locomotive which is under construction at the in the Midland Railway – Butterley's West Shed.

The locomotive is a replica of the final 'Patriot' class locomotive to be built, No.5551. The original locomotive was built in May 1934, and withdrawn in June 1962 (it was scrapped that October). Unlike the original engine, which never received a name, the replica will be named "The Unknown Warrior"; the name was chosen by public poll.

All of the original un-rebuilt LMS Patriot Class locomotives were withdrawn by November 1962 and the whole class was withdrawn by December 1965 with none of the engines (un-rebuilt or rebuilt) surviving into preservation.

Original engine

The original 5551/45551 was built at Crewe Works in May 1934 and unlike many other members of its class which were given names, it alongside nine other class members was not named. Sheds that it was allocated to over the years included: Crewe North (5A), Carlisle Upperby (12B), Camden (1B), Willesden (1A) and Edge Hill (8A). Edge Hill was the last shed it was allocated to, being transferred there in June 1961 and remaining there for twelve months until withdrawal.

It was also one of thirty four members of its class to be kept in its original unrebuilt condition prior to its final withdrawal in June 1962, its final working life was twenty eight years and one month. It was later cut up for scrap in October of the same year at its birthplace Crewe Works.

Replica

Overview

The LMS-Patriot Project, a registered charity in England and Wales (No. 6502248 / No. 1123521), is constructing a replica locomotive at the West Shed, an engineering base for the Princess Royal Class Locomotive Trust, at the Midland Railway – Butterley.

The project was inspired by the success by the A1 Steam Locomotive Trust which built the LNER Peppercorn Class A1 60163 Tornado, and it was decided to construct another long lost class of engine, in this case the LMS Patriot Class. Like Tornado, The Unknown Warrior is being built with differences as the plan is to run the completed engine on the mainline, so one main difference being the modifications to the tender so that more water and less coal can be carried. It is also planned to have an entirely British-built boiler constructed for the engine which is As of 2017 ongoing.

As of April 2017 the project engineering update showed that the engine has had its wheels fitted and also the brake system, pistons, valves, motion plus boiler are all being worked on. In November it was announced by the group who were building "The Unknown Warrior" that there had been a few problems arising with the Royal British Legion who were supporting the construction of the engine, and with deep regret it was announced that the RBL could no longer support the loco group which also meant that the RBL's crest above the engines nameplates would have to be removed. A new set of crests would be placed above the engines nameplates as a result but the RBL will still support the patriot project and vice versa as its still planned for the completed engine to be known as "The National Memorial Steam Engine".

In October 2018 the Llangollen Railway, where the locomotive had been assembled to date, announced that they were no longer able to build 5551, the decision being made due to the length of the list for the railways own locomotives that needed overhauls and repairs undertaking alongside other new build loco projects at the line including 6880 Betton Grange. The locomotive is currently at PRCLT's west shed on the Midland Railway near Butterly, An invitation to tender had been sent to four contractors who have expressed interest. The Princess Royal Class Locomotive Trust being chosen as they were deemed to best fit the requirements of 5551's board. Construction of the engine's boiler is now being undertaken at Heritage Boiler Steam Services Ltd in Liverpool.

Name, number and liveries

The chassis of The Unknown Warrior inside the shed at Llangollen, the firemans side of the cab was painted in BR Lined Green.

The Unknown Warrior's driver side nameplate with the RBL (Royal British Legion) crest placed above the nameplate.

The Unknown Warrior's drivers side nameplate with the new crest placed above it replacing the RBL's crest which needed to be removed.

5551's drivers side cabside painted in its former LMS colours of crimson lake.

The original 5551/45551 never carried a name during its career under LMS & BR ownership, a competition was set up to choose a name for the new engine with examples of nameplates being: Patriot, Hero, Remembrance, Wilfred Owen, British Legion and The Falklands. Alongside names based on regiments, the military & war heroes there were other names entered into the competition which included: Henry Fowler, Winston Churchill, Sir Edward Elgar, Fred Dibnah, Robert Riddles, Baby Scot (nickname for class), Jack Mills (Great Train Robbery), Crewe & Llangollen. Following a public vote to decide on the engines' name, the engine was named "The Unknown Warrior", after the tomb in London which holds an unidentified soldier who was killed on the battlefront during the First World War. It was also decided for the engine to carry the Royal British Legion's crest above its nameplates. Following a request by the RBL their crest had to be removed from the engine, a replacement crest was unveiled during a recent event in Crewe.

The liveries that the original Patriots wore included: LMS Crimson Lake, LMS Black, BR Black & BR Green. For a while during the locomotive's construction, the engine wore crimson lake on the left side of its cab and BR Green on the right, this being to give an idea to the public of what it would look like in either livery when completed and running. It was announced in November 2016 during the Patriot Group's annual meeting at Crewe Heritage Centre that the first livery that "The Unknown Warrior" would wear on completion would be LMS Crimson Lake, with the three remaining liveries applied at later dates.

Project launch

The project was formally launched at the Llangollen Patriot Gala in April 2008, by the project's first commercial sponsor, John Buxton, Managing Director of Cambrian Transport. The Frames Appeal was also announced at the gala and a membership scheme was later launched.

Project milestones

• Jan/Feb 2008 (Jan/Feb 2008): Name "The Unknown Warrior" chosen by public poll
• Aug 2008 (Aug 2008): Project Launched by John Buxton
• Mar 2009 (Mar 2009): Cutting of frames commenced
• Nov 2009 (Nov 2009): First nameplate unveiled by The Royal British Legion
• Sept 2010 (Sept 2010): First driving wheel cast
• Dec 2010 (Dec 2010): Patriot Project acquired tender for engine
• Dec 2011 (Dec 2011): Loco's dragbox completed
• Jul 2012 (Jul 2012): Second tender acquired
• Nov 2013 (Nov 2013): Engine visited the National Memorial Arboretum
• Aug 2014 (Aug 2014): Engine attended the Great Dorset Steam Fair
• Sept 2014 (Sept 2014): First parts of engine's boiler ordered
• May 2015 (May 2015): LMS Fowler 2-6-4T no 42424 announced as next project after "The Unknown Warrior"
• Sept 2015 (Sept 2015): Engine visited Barrow Hill Roundhouse for the first time
• Jan 2016 (Jan 2016): Construction of engine's boiler started at Crewe Heritage Centre
• Mar 2016 (Mar 2016): Galatea Locomotive Trust to fund engines mainline equipment
• Nov 2016 (Nov 2016): Loco's first livery confirmed as LMS Crimson Lake
• Nov 2017 (Nov 2017): Replacement contractor for boiler construction announced
• Nov 2017 (Nov 2017): Engine's boiler moved to Butterley from Crewe
• Dec 2017 (Dec 2017): Construction of engine's boiler re-started
• Feb 2018 (Feb 2018): Inner firebox put together
• May 2018 (May 2018): Foundation ring trial fitted
• May 2018 (May 2018): Return cranks delivered to Llangollen
• Jun 2018 (Jun 2018): Frames became rolling chassis
• Jul 2018 (Jul 2018): Boiler crown stays completed
• Jul 2018 (Jul 2018): Replacement nameplate crest chosen
• Aug 2018 (Aug 2018): Inner firebox trial fitted to outer wrapper
• Oct 2018 (Oct 2018): Construction of engine moved to Crewe Heritage Centre
• Nov 2018 (Nov 2018): Boiler trial fitted to frames
• Nov 2018 (Nov 2018): Replacement crest unveiled to public
• Aug 2019 (Aug 2019): Loco moved to Midland Railway for completion of construction
• June 2021 (June 2021): New axle material supplier found for steam locomotive

Construction

Although most parts that are being manufactured for "The Unknown Warrior" are brand new, a number of parts off fellow preserved engines will also be used. An example of parts that will be used in the construction of the Patriot include the leading front wheelset from LMS 8F 2-8-0 no 48518, a set of LMS Fowler Tenders (both of which being from Woodham Brothers scrapyard at Barry Island) are also going to be used in the project. Examples of new parts that will be constructed for "The Unknown Warrior" alongside the frame include the driving wheels and the second Fowler tender (the first having usable parts but not fit for re-use itself due to corrosion).

Frames

On 31 March 2009, two frame plates were cut at Corus Group plc Steel, Cradley Heath in the West Midlands. Measuring 39 ft in length 4 ft high and 1 1/8 in thick (28 mm), the frame plates were then taken to the Boro Foundry, at Lye, West Midlands, for machining and drilling, before being taken to the Llangollen Railway Works where assembly is in progress. The dragbox has been fitted to the frames, the front buffer beam fitted, the bogie bolster has been cast and has been fitted, all five of the five frame stretchers have been cast and are fitted to the frames.

Wheels

In September 2010, the first driving wheel was cast at the Boro Foundry, using the pattern made for LMS Jubilee Class 45699 Galatea. The two classes share the same size 6'9" driving wheels. The six new driving wheels have been cast by The Boro Foundry Stourbridge and machined and assembled by the South Devon Railway, who machined and fitted the plain axles, crank axle, tyres, and crank pins. The six driving axle boxes have been cast by Johnson Porter of Stourbridge, machined at FHT Southam Warwicks and final machined and fitted to the wheels at Tyseley Locomotive Works.

Cylinders

The three cylinders have now been cast and machined and were fitted to the frames during January 2015. This is the first use of polystyrene patterns (made by Premier Patterns of Smethwick), for locomotive cylinders which were cast at Coupe Foundry Preston and machined at Harco Engineering of Brierley Hill. The motion girders, motion brackets, cylinder covers and slidebar have now been fitted and sandboxes fabricated.

Bogie

All the components for the bogie have been manufactured and it is being assembled at Tyseley Locomotive Works with completion scheduled for November 2015. The remaining wheelset was assembled by the South Devon Railway in Buckfastleigh Devon. The locomotive has become a 4-6-0 now that the bogie is completed.

Tender

An ex LMS Fowler tender that remained at Woodham Brothers Barry Scrapyard and was later stored in the ex EWS wagon depot, was secured for use with 'The Unknown Warrior'. The first tender provided the group with the three wheel-sets they needed for the engine's new tender as well as two sets of axle boxes, the other four not being usable due to damage alongside the salt air at Barry Island causing corrosion. The springs despite being exposed to the elements and salt air were fit for reuse and were removed for refurbishment at Rowan Springs in Rotherham. The frames, however, were in very poor condition so they alongside the other unusable parts were cut up and sent for scrap.

The Project later purchased a second tender from the East Lancs Railway, Bury. The frame plates were in good enough condition to be used along with two of its axle boxes, (the remaining two acquired with the engine's tender not being usable and the two missing axle boxes are now in use with another engine). Alongside the acquisition of the second tender which provided the society with two more usable axle boxes they also now had two spare tender wheel sets for use in the future when required. The remaining two axle boxes need to be either acquired from another donor tender or manufactured from new. New drawings have also been produced to help in the construction of the engine's tender as it is planned to be built slightly wider than the originals to enable an increase in water capacity from 3,500 gallons to 3,900 gallons. The amount of coal that the engines would have carried in steam days will be reduced to aid in the increase of the water capacity. The water-scoop will also be removed. Higher water supplies for engines being a recommendation now due to there being no water trough's left on the mainline and very few water cranes, except at certain locations like Hellifield and Appleby.

Boiler

At The LMS Patriot Project's 2010 AGM on 14 November, it was announced that the boiler for 'The Unknown Warrior' would be built by L&NWR Heritage at Crewe. The new boiler will be of traditional construction with a copper firebox. A fundraising campaign for the boiler for £1/2million has been launched. The smokebox and front tubeplate have been manufactured and were fitted to the locomotive in July 2013. The copper firebox was under construction at L&NWR Heritage at Crewe and was expected to be complete by the end of 2015, with construction of the boiler proper scheduled to begin in January 2016 with completion scheduled for the end of 2016. On 9 May 2017, L&NWR Heritage informed The LMS Patriot Project that it had decided to end all sub-contract work, and would not be completing the boiler. L&NWR Heritage did a little more work on the boiler, culminating in riveting the foundation ring to the inner firebox. The newly-formed Heritage Boiler Steam Services Ltd. was selected to complete the boiler, and on 30 November 2017 the partially-completed boiler was moved to HBSS' new facility.

Miscellaneous parts

Much of the engine's motion has been reclaimed from scrapped LMS Jubilee Class locomotives and will be refurbished over the next year. A new connecting rod has been forged and machined and other items are currently being sourced. There have been a number of parts offered to the project as well, such as 4 original LMS buffers from a scrapped crane at Ruddington (GCR N), original LMS lamps, a genuine whistle, the surviving chimney from 45539 E C Trench and many other smaller components. The replica engine unlike the original will be fitted with air brakes, however its primary brakes will remain as vacuum.

Completion

The completion date was intended to be 2018 with a formal dedication planned for the 100th anniversary of the end of the First World War. That target was not met. It was later estimated that the locomotive might be in steam by late 2020. Again this was not met, not helped by the ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic. The engine, like 60163 Tornado and 6880 Betton Grange, is being built for mainline running and it is hoped that the engine will be completed sometime this year.

See also

• Steam locomotives of the 21st century
  • LNER Peppercorn Class A1 60163 Tornado
  • Pennsylvania Railroad 5550
  • GWR 6800 Class 6880 Betton Grange

External links

• Official website
  • Engineering news
  • Project news
• The Unknown Warrior on ITV news
• Dedication of the engine's frames by the Royal British Legion
• The Unknown Warrior's crest unveiling