Jump to content

Abdul Ghani Baradar

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Tariqsuperkhan 786 (talk | contribs) at 23:22, 16 August 2021. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Hrhr

Early life and career

Baradar was born in 1968 in the Weetmak village of Deh Rahwod District in Uruzgan Province of Afghanistan.[1] He is a Durrani Pashtun of the Popalzai tribe.[2] He fought during the 1980s in the Soviet–Afghan War in Kandahar (mainly in the Panjwayi area) and served in the Afghan mujahideen against the Soviet-backed Afghan government.[3] He later operated a madrassa in Maiwand, Kandahar Province, alongside his former commander, Mohammad Omar. According to Western media, Omar and Baradar may be brothers-in-law via marriage to two sisters.[4] In 1994, he helped Omar found the Taliban in southern Afghanistan.[5]

During Taliban rule (1996–2001), Baradar held a variety of posts. He was reportedly governor of Herat and Nimruz provinces,[6][7] and/or the Corps Commander for western Afghanistan.[4] An unclassified U.S. State Department document lists him as the former Deputy Chief of Army Staff and Commander of Central Army Corps, Kabul[8] while Interpol states that he was the Taliban's Deputy Minister of Defense.[1]

War in Afghanistan

Main article: War in Afghanistan (2001–present)

Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, the United States invaded Afghanistan and deposed the Taliban with the help of Afghan forces. Baradar fought against the U.S.-supported Northern Alliance and, according to Newsweek, "hopped on a motorcycle and drove his old friend [Omar] to safety in the mountains" in November 2001 as Taliban defenses were crumbling.[4] One story holds that a U.S.-linked Afghan force actually seized Baradar and other Taliban figures sometime that month, but Pakistani intelligence secured their release.[9] Another story reported by Dutch journalist Bette Dam contends that Baradar actually saved Hamid Karzai's life when the latter had entered Afghanistan to build an anti-Taliban force.[10]

The new Afghan government was organized in accordance with the December 2001 Bonn Agreement; Hamid Karzai served as interim leader and later President of Afghanistan. Baradar now found himself fighting international forces and the newly formed Afghan government. Many fellow Taliban commanders were killed over the years following the initial invasion, including Baradar's rival Mullah Dadullah who was killed in Helmand Province in 2007. Baradar eventually rose to lead the Quetta Shura and became the de facto leader of the Taliban, directing the insurgency from Pakistan. Temperament-wise he has been described as acting as "an old-fashioned Pashtun tribal head" and a consensus builder.[4]

Despite his military activities, Baradar was reportedly behind several attempts to begin peace talks, specifically in 2004 and 2009,[4] and widely seen as a potentially key part of a negotiated peace deal.[11][12]

Imprisonment

On February 8, 2010, he was arrested near Karachi during a morning raid,[13][14][15][16][17] and U.S. officials claimed the arrest could represent a "turning point" in the struggle with the Taliban.[15] Pakistan only confirmed the arrest more than a week later and there was no confirmation from Pakistani officials that it was a joint U.S.-Pakistani operation,[18] in fact the Pakistani Interior Minister Rehman Malik denied that it was.[19] Other sources have suggested that the arrest was a lucky accident, with Baradar picked up along with others in a raid based on intelligence supplied by the United States.[20] Besides the newspaper Dawn, the story was largely ignored in the Pakistani press when it initially broke.[21]

Although some analysts saw Baradar's arrest as a significant shift in Pakistan's position,[22] others claimed that Pakistan arrested Baradar to stop his negotiations with the Karzai government, so that Pakistan would get a seat at the table[23] – because an agreement between the Taliban and the Karzai government could deprive Pakistan of influence in Afghanistan.[24]

Another view contends that Pakistani General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani is using the series of Taliban arrests to help extend his own career beyond his slated November retirement date, the theory being that this would raise his standing among American policymakers and thus press the Pakistani government to retain him.[25]

Aftermath

The Afghan government was reportedly holding secret talks with Baradar and his arrest is said to have infuriated President Hamid Karzai.[26] Despite repeated claims that Pakistan would deliver Baradar to Afghanistan if formally asked to do so,[27] and that his extradition was underway,[28] he was expressly excluded from the list of Taliban leaders planned to be released by Pakistan in November 2012.[29]

Mullah Abdul Qayyum Zakir became the Taliban military leader after Baradar's arrest. Nine Taliban leaders, not including Baradar, were released on 23 November 2012.[30]

Release

US representative Zalmay Khalilzad (left) and Baradar (right) sign the Agreement for Bringing Peace to Afghanistan in Doha, Qatar on 29 February 2020

On 25 October 2018, the Taliban confirmed that Pakistan released Mullah Baradar.[31] He was subsequently appointed to be the chief of the Taliban's diplomatic office in Doha, Qatar.[32] Washington special envoy Zalmay Khalilzad claimed that Mullah Baradar was released at the request of the United States.[33]

Further career

In February 2020, Baradar signed the agreement on the withdrawal of US forces from Afghanistan on behalf of the Taliban.[34]

It was rumoured that Baradar will become the president of Afghanistan following the overthrow of the government of Ashraf Ghani by the Taliban in August 2021.[35][36]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Interpol was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Giustozzi, Antonio (2008). Koran, Kalashnikov, and laptop: the neo-Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan. Columbia University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-231-70009-2. Archived from the original on 2021-08-12. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  3. ^ Green, Matthew (2010-02-16). "Taliban strategist was seen as future negotiator". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 17 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
  4. ^ a b c d e Moreau, Ron (2009-07-25). "America's New Nightmare". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 8 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
  5. ^ "Profile: Mullah Abdul Ghani Beradar". BBC News. 2010-02-16. Archived from the original on 18 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
  6. ^ "The Hunt For Bin Laden". Time. 2001-11-26. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
  7. ^ Adamec, Ludwig W. (2005). Volume 30 of Historical dictionary of Afghan wars, revolutions, and insurgencies. Rowman & Littlefield. p. lxxxiii. ISBN 0-8108-4948-8. Archived from the original on 2021-08-12. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  8. ^ "B1, 1.4(D)" (PDF). US State Department. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
  9. ^ Mazzetti, Mark; Filkins, Dexter (2010-02-16). "Secret Joint Raid Captures Taliban's Top Commander". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
  10. ^ Dam, Bette (2010-02-16). "Mullah Beradar: friend or foe?". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 2010-02-19. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
  11. ^ "Afghanistan’s peace hopes rest on Mullah Beradar" Archived 2012-08-25 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters, August 23, 2012
  12. ^ "Pakistan grants Afghan officials access to a top Taliban leader" Archived 2012-09-06 at the Wayback Machine, Abdulaziz Ibrahimi and Michael Georgy, Reuters / August 12, 2012
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference BBC20100216 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Shah, Saeed (2010-02-16). "Afghanistan's No. 2 Taliban leader captured in Pakistan". McClatchy News Service. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
  15. ^ a b "Capture may be turning point in Taliban fight". CNN. 2010-02-16. Archived from the original on 2012-11-07. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
  16. ^ "Taliban leader's arrest a new blow to insurgents". Yahoo! News. Associated Press. 16 Feb 2010. Archived from the original on 22 February 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  17. ^ A White house spokesman shortly afterwards described his capture "a big success for our mutual efforts in the region", Patricia Zengerle (17 Feb 2010). "White House hails capture of Taliban leader". AP Newswire. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  18. ^ "Pakistan confirms Taliban arrest". BBC News. 2010-02-17. Archived from the original on 17 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-17.
  19. ^ "Mullah Baradar arrest reports propaganda: Rehman Malik". Dawn. 2010-02-16. Archived from the original on 17 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-16.
  20. ^ "a lucky accident," as one American official called it. "No one knew what they were getting," he said.Scott Shane and Eric Schmitt (18 February 2010). "In Pakistan Raid, Taliban Chief was Extra Prize". The New York Times.
  21. ^ Khan, M Ilyas (2010-02-17). "'Muted' Pakistan media response to Taliban arrest". BBC News. Archived from the original on 18 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-17.
  22. ^ The capture of Beradar and the Afghan Taliban governors is only the most recent and highly visible signal of the possible shift. Eric Rosenbach (21 Feb 2010). "Pakistan Smart to Hit Taliban". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  23. ^ American Embassy in Kabul (10 Feb 2010). "Leaked US diplomatic cable Wikileaks ref number 10KABUL693". WikiLeaks. Archived from the original on 2010-12-08. Retrieved 2010-12-08.
  24. ^ An agreement between the Taliban and the Karzai government could deprive Pakistan of influence in next-door Afghanistan. Editorial (22 Feb 2010). "Pakistan's Complicated Motives". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
  25. ^ Shahzad, Syed Saleem (2010-02-23). "Pakistan: Detained Taliban leaders 'linked to ISI'". Adnkronos. Archived from the original on 24 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-25.
  26. ^ "Aide: Karzai `very angry' at Taliban boss' arrest" Archived 2016-03-10 at the Wayback Machine, DEB RIECHMANN and KATHY GANNON, The Associated Press March 15, 2010
  27. ^ Hussain, Zahid (2010-02-24), "Pakistan Offers Taliban Official to Afghans", The Wall Street Journal, archived from the original on 25 February 2010, retrieved 2010-02-24
  28. ^ Salahuddin, Sayed (2010-02-25). "Pakistan to hand over Taliban No 2, says Afghanistan". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2021-08-12. Retrieved 2010-02-25.
  29. ^ "Pakistan agrees to set free Taliban leaders" Archived 2012-11-14 at the Wayback Machine, 14 Nov 2012, Baqir Sajjad Syed, Dawn.com
  30. ^ Ali K. Chishti (2012-11-24). "Change of Heart?". The Friday Times. Archived from the original on 2012-11-28. Retrieved 2012-11-28. "We are disappointed that the Pakistanis did not release Mullah Beradar", a member of an Afghan peace delegation said, "but we are very happy that it made the decision to release some of the detainees".
  31. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-11-01. Retrieved 2018-10-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  32. ^ Roggio, Bill (January 24, 2019). "Mullah Beradar appointed head of Taliban's 'political office' in Qatar". Long War Journal. Archived from the original on January 27, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2019. "In accordance with the decree issued by the Leader of Islamic Emirate, the esteemed Mullah Abdul Ghani Beradar has been appointed as the deputy of the Leader in Political Affairs and the chief of the Political Office of the Islamic Emirate," the Taliban statement said.
  33. ^ Cite error: The named reference auto was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  34. ^ "Trump says Taliban deal to 'bring our people home'". BBC News. 2020-02-29. Archived from the original on 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  35. ^ "Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar declared Afghanistan's new President". ummid. Retrieved 2021-08-15.
  36. ^ "Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, One of the Co-founders of Taliban, Likely to be Afghanistan's New President". News18. 2021-08-16. Retrieved 2021-08-15.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Ghani_Baradar&oldid=1039142156"