UEFA coefficient
In European football, the UEFA coefficients are statistics used for ranking and seeding teams in club and international competitions. Introduced in 1979 for men's football tournaments,[1] and after applied in women's football and futsal, the coefficients are calculated by UEFA, who administer football within Europe.
For men's competitions (discussed in this article), three sets of coefficients are calculated:
- National team coefficient: used to rank national teams, for seeding in the UEFA Euro qualifying and finals tournaments
- Association coefficient: used to rank the collective performance of the clubs of each member association, for assigning the number of places, and at what stage clubs enter the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League and the UEFA Europa Conference League
- Club coefficient: used to rank individual clubs, for seeding in the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, Cup Winners' Cup (until 1999) and UEFA Europa Conference League (since 2021)
Whilst not discussed in this article, coefficients are calculated in a similar fashion for women's competitions such as the UEFA Women's Champions League[2][3] as well as for youth tournaments such as the UEFA Euro U-21 tournament.[4]
Men's National team coefficient
The UEFA national team coefficient is derived from the results of each European national football team, and is only calculated by UEFA every second year in November; defined as being the point of time when all UEFA nations have completed the qualification stage of the upcoming World Cup or European Championship tournament.
The purpose of calculating the coefficients is to compile an official UEFA rank, to be used as seeding criteria for the European nations, when drawing up qualification groups and the final tournament groups of the European Championship. Previously, up until 2006, the UEFA national team coefficient was also used for the seeded draw of World Cup qualification groups in Europe, while the draw for final tournament groups of the World Cup was always seeded on the basis of the official FIFA World Rankings. UEFA stopped using UEFA national team coefficients for the seeding of World Cup qualification groups at the request of FIFA to only use the official FIFA ranking for all seeded draws related to the World Cup tournament.
Old ranking and calculation method
It was first introduced in 2003 and used for seeding the 2004 European Final tournament and 2006 World Cup qualification. Until the end of the Euro 2008 tournament, the UEFA national team coefficient was calculated by dividing the number of all points scored (three points for a win, one for a draw) by the number of all matches played, in the last two qualification rounds of the World Cup or European Championship. Results from the final tournaments, Play-off matches and friendly games were all ignored. In those cases where a nation did not take part at one of the two latest qualifying rounds, due to being directly qualified as a host, only one qualifying round would be taken into account.
If two or more nations ended up with exactly the same coefficient, the following ranking criteria was applied:
- Highest coefficient from the matches played in the most recent qualifying competition.
- Biggest average goal difference per game, found by dividing the sum of all goal differences by the number of ranked matches.
- Highest average number of goals scored per game.
- Highest average number of away goals scored per game.
- Drawing of lots.
The last three times UEFA used this calculation method was for the final UEFA coefficients in 2003, 2005 and 2007.
Current ranking and calculation method
On 20 May 2008, UEFA announced changes to the coefficient ranking system.[5][6][7] The ranking will continue to be calculated every second year in November, but under the new system, teams now gain ranking points for each game played in the most recently completed full cycle (defined as all qualifying games and final tournament games) of both the World Cup and European Championship, with addition of ranking points for each game played at the latest completed half cycle (defined as all games played in the latest qualifying round). Ranking points for all games played inside those two and a half cycles, will be awarded according to the rules listed below.
- 10,000 points are awarded for each match played, regardless of the match result.
- Each team earns an additional 30,000 for winning and 10,000 for drawing.
- In case of a game decided by penalty shoot-out, the points are allocated as a draw, with the winner of the shoot-out gaining an additional 10,000 points.
- Each match at the final tournament, or play-offs to determine qualification, are also granted bonus points, ranging from 6,000 points for all play-offs or World Cup group stage games, to 38,000 points for playing a final.
- 500 points are earned for each goal scored, and -500 are given for each goal conceded.
- Coefficients are calculated for each two and a half cycle, by dividing the sum of earned points with the number of games played.
- When calculating the overall average coefficient for the cycles, the latest full cycle and half cycle will each have double the weight, compared to the oldest full cycle.
- Special arrangements are in place for those nations that did not participate in one of the previous qualifying tournaments due to hosting the competition.
2017 ranking
The coefficients from 2017 used for the seeding and pot placements in the draw for 2018–19 UEFA Nations League, were calculated for each country by averaging:
- 40% of the average ranking points per game earned in the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifying stage.
- 40% of the average ranking points per game earned in the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying stage and final tournament.
- 20% of the average ranking points per game earned in the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying stage and final tournament.
The seeding and pot placements of the teams in the draw for the 2018–19 UEFA Nations League were based on the UEFA coefficients, determined on 11 October 2017, which were as follows:[8]
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History
After the recalculation of the coefficient rankings for the 2007 cycle, Italy were ranked top following their FIFA World Cup victory in 2006. Runners-up France lay behind them in second place, followed by the Czech Republic. Spain overtook Italy to gain first place following their UEFA Euro 2008 win, with beaten finalists Germany moving into second; the Netherlands were third.
Spain consolidated their top spot by winning the 2010 FIFA World Cup, with the Netherlands jumping above Germany by finishing second in the tournament. In the 2013 rankings, Spain maintained top spot by winning their third major competition in a row - UEFA Euro 2012. Germany regained second, with the Dutch falling back to third place after failing to make it out of their group.
Germany climbed to the top of the 2015 rankings as a result of their 2014 FIFA World Cup success; Spain dropped behind them. England reached their highest position in the rankings - placed third. Germany held on to top spot in 2017, with new European champions Portugal in second; Belgium were third.
| Year | First | Second | Third | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Team | Coeff. | Team | Coeff. | Team | Coeff. | |
| 2007[6] |  Italy
|
36,986 |  France
|
36,219 |  Czech Republic
|
36,025 |
| 2009[9] |  Spain
|
39,964 |  Germany
|
38,294 |  Netherlands
|
37,821 |
| 2011[10] | 43,116 | Netherlands
|
40,860 | Germany
|
40,446 | |
| 2013[11] | 42,158 | Germany
|
41,366 | Netherlands
|
38,541 | |
| 2015[12] | Germany
|
40,236 | Spain
|
37,963 |  England
|
35,963 |
| 2017[8] | 40,747 |  Portugal
|
38,655 |  Belgium
|
38,123 | |
Women's National team coefficient
Old ranking and calculation method
See same category in men's.
Current ranking and calculation method
See same category in men's.
2017 ranking
- UEFA Women's Euro 2013 final tournament and qualifying competition (20%)
- 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup final tournament and qualifying competition (40%)
- UEFA Women's Euro 2017 qualifying competition (40%)
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History
| Year | First | Second | Third | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Team | Coeff. | Team | Coeff. | Team | Coeff. | |
| 2017 | Germany |
42,957 | France |
42,355 | England |
39,880 |
Men's Association coefficient
The association coefficient is used to rank the football associations of Europe, and thus determine the number of clubs from an association that will participate in the UEFA Champions League, the UEFA Europa League and the UEFA Europa Conference League.
The UEFA ranking determines the number of teams competing in the season after the next, not in the first season after the publication of the ranking. Thus, the rankings at the end of the 2021–22 season determine the team allocation by association in the 2023–24 (not 2022–23) UEFA season. This is unrelated to the selection of teams which will fill each allocation through the individual association leagues and national cups (which is decided in the preceding season).
This coefficient is determined by the results of the clubs of the associations in the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League and the UEFA Europa Conference League games over the past five seasons. Two points are awarded for each win by a club, and one for a draw (points are halved in the qualifying rounds). Results determined by extra time do count in determining the allocation of points, but results determined by penalty-shootouts do not affect the allocation of points, other than for bonus points given for qualification into the latter rounds. The number of points awarded each season is divided by the number of teams that participated for that association in that season. This number is then rounded down to three decimal places (e.g. 2+2⁄3 would be rounded to 2.666).[14][15]
To determine an association's coefficient for a particular season, the coefficients for the last five seasons are added. Bonus points are added to the number of points scored in a season. Bonus points are allocated for:[16]
- Clubs that reach the group stage (4 bonus points for the Champions League).
- Group winners (4 bonus points for the Europa League, 2 bonus points for the Europa Conference League).
- Group runners-up (2 bonus points for the Europa League, 1 bonus point for the Europa Conference League).
- Clubs that reach the round of 16 (5 bonus points for the Champions League, 1 bonus point for the Europa League).
- Clubs that reach the quarter-finals (1 bonus point for the Champions League and the Europa League).
- Clubs that reach the semi-finals or final (1 bonus point for the Champions League, Europa League and Europa Conference League).
UEFA uses this coefficient system to decide which teams gain automatic entry to the group stage and which teams must go through qualifying. For instance, the teams who occupy the top four league places in the associations ranked 1 to 4 in UEFA competition, the top two teams of the association ranked 5 and 6, and the champions in the associations ranked 7 to 10 gain automatic entry into the group stages for the following season's Champions League competition.
- Further information on Liechtenstein's status and similar cases
According to the UEFA regulations a National League needs to consist of at least eight clubs to be considered valid, otherwise no participants of such a league will be allowed to enter European competitions.
- There are only seven clubs that are active in Liechtenstein, all of which play in neighbouring Switzerland's league competitions.
- Prior to the introduction of the Welsh Premier League in 1992 Wales also had a single participant in European competitions, the winner (or best placed Welsh team as several English teams also competed) of the Welsh Cup, in the now defunct UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.
- Impact of COVID-19 pandemic
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, two-legged ties in the knockout stages of the 2019–20 UEFA Champions League and 2019–20 UEFA Europa League, and in the qualifying stages of the 2020–21 UEFA Champions League and 2020–21 UEFA Europa League, were changed to single-leg matches. In those cases where there is such format change, the following points will be awarded instead:[17][18]
- 3 points for a win (1.5 points for qualifying and play-off matches)
- 2 points for a draw (1 point for qualifying and play-off matches)
- 1 point for a loss (0.5 points for qualifying and play-off matches)
This translates to the original system (2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss) by considering the "unplayed leg" as a draw.
Current ranking
The ranking below takes into account of each association's performance in European competitions from 2017–18 to 2021–22, with the 2021–22 season currently taking place.
The final ranking at the end of the 2021–22 season will be used to determine the number of places for each association in the 2023–24 UEFA club competitions.
As of 30 September 2021 the coefficients are as follows:[19][20]
| Ranking | Member association (L: League, C: Cup, LC: League cup[a]) |
Coefficient | Teams[b] | Places in 2023–24 season | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | Mvmt | 2017–18 | 2018–19 | 2019–20 | 2020–21 | 2021–22 | Total | UCL | UEL | UECL | Total | ||
| 1 | 1 |  —
|
England (L, C, LC[a])
|
20.071 | 22.642 | 18.571 | 24.357 | 5.000 | 90.641 | 7/7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 7 |
| 2 | 2 | —
|
Spain (L, C)
|
19.714 | 19.571 | 18.928 | 19.500 | 4.857 | 82.570 | 7/7 | ||||
| 3 | 3 | —
|
Italy (L, C)
|
17.333 | 12.642 | 14.928 | 16.285 | 4.714 | 65.902 | 7/7 | ||||
| 4 | 4 | —
|
Germany (L, C)
|
9.857 | 15.214 | 18.714 | 15.214 | 5.214 | 64.213 | 7/7 | ||||
| 5 | 5 | —
|
France (L, C)
|
11.500 | 10.583 | 11.666 | 7.916 | 4.750 | 46.415 | 6/6 | 3 | 6 | ||
| 6 | 6 | —
|
Portugal (L, C)
|
9.666 | 10.900 | 10.300 | 9.600 | 4.750 | 45.216 | 4/6 | 1 | 2 | ||
| 7 | 7 | —
|
Netherlands (L, C)
|
2.900 | 8.600 | 9.400 | 9.200 | 6.400 | 36.500 | 5/5 | 2 | 5 | ||
| 8 | 10 |  +2
|
 Austria (L, C)
|
9.750 | 6.200 | 5.800 | 6.700 | 4.400 | 32.850 | 4/5 | ||||
| 9 | 8 |  –1
|
 Russia (L, C)
|
12.600 | 7.583 | 4.666 | 4.333 | 2.500 | 31.682 | 3/5 | ||||
| 10 | 11 | +1
|
 Scotland (L, C)
|
4.000 | 6.750 | 9.750 | 8.500 | 2.300 | 31.300 | 2/5 | ||||
| 11 | 12 | +1
|
 Ukraine (L, C)
|
8.000 | 5.600 | 7.200 | 6.800 | 3.000 | 30.600 | 3/5 | ||||
| 12 | 16 | +4
|
 Serbia (L, C)
|
6.375 | 6.000 | 6.000 | 5.500 | 5.000 | 28.875 | 2/4 | ||||
| 13 | 9 | –4
|
Belgium (L, C)
|
2.600 | 7.800 | 7.600 | 6.000 | 4.000 | 28.000 | 4/5 | ||||
| 14 | 19 | +5
|
 Switzerland (L, C)
|
6.500 | 3.900 | 6.400 | 5.125 | 5.000 | 26.925 | 2/4 | ||||
| 15 | 18 | +3
|
 Croatia (L, C)
|
5.125 | 5.750 | 4.375 | 5.900 | 3.750 | 24.900 | 1/4 | ||||
| 16 | 17 | +1
|
Czech Republic (L, C)
|
5.500 | 6.500 | 2.500 | 6.600 | 3.300 | 24.400 | 3/5 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| 17 | 15 | –2
|
 Cyprus (L, C)
|
7.000 | 6.125 | 5.125 | 4.000 | 2.125 | 24.375 | 2/4 | ||||
| 18 | 20 | +2
|
 Greece (L, C)
|
5.100 | 5.100 | 4.900 | 5.100 | 4.000 | 24.200 | 2/4 | ||||
| 19 | 13 | –6
|
 Turkey (L, C)
|
6.800 | 5.500 | 5.000 | 3.100 | 3.500 | 23.900 | 3/5 | ||||
| 20 | 22 | +2
|
 Norway (L, C)
|
4.000 | 5.375 | 3.750 | 6.500 | 3.625 | 23.250 | 1/4 | ||||
| 21 | 23 | +2
|
 Sweden (L, C)
|
5.375 | 4.125 | 5.750 | 2.500 | 4.875 | 22.625 | 1/4 | ||||
| 22 | 14 | –8
|
 Denmark (L, C)
|
5.250 | 4.875 | 5.125 | 4.125 | 3.200 | 22.575 | 4/5 | ||||
| 23 | 21 | –2
|
 Israel (L, C)
|
5.625 | 2.625 | 2.375 | 7.000 | 4.500 | 22.125 | 2/4 | ||||
| 24 | 24 | —
|
 Bulgaria (L, C)
|
4.000 | 4.000 | 4.125 | 4.000 | 3.125 | 19.250 | 2/4 | ||||
| 25 | 25 | —
|
 Romania (L, C)
|
2.900 | 2.375 | 5.875 | 3.750 | 1.750 | 16.650 | 1/4 | ||||
| 26 | 30 | +4
|
 Poland (L, C)
|
2.875 | 2.250 | 2.125 | 4.000 | 4.625 | 15.875 | 1/4 | ||||
| 27 | 28 | +1
|
 Hungary (L, C)
|
1.625 | 3.250 | 4.500 | 4.250 | 2.250 | 15.875 | 1/4 | ||||
| 28 | 26 | –2
|
 Azerbaijan (L, C)
|
4.375 | 2.375 | 3.375 | 2.500 | 2.875 | 15.500 | 1/4 | ||||
| 29 | 27 | –2
|
 Kazakhstan (L, C)
|
4.250 | 4.250 | 3.375 | 1.000 | 2.625 | 15.500 | 1/4 | ||||
| 30 | 31 | +1
|
 Slovenia (L, C)
|
4.625 | 3.125 | 2.000 | 2.250 | 2.500 | 14.500 | 1/4 | ||||
| 31 | 32 | +1
|
 Slovakia (L, C)
|
1.875 | 5.125 | 3.000 | 1.500 | 2.875 | 14.375 | 1/4 | ||||
| 32 | 29 | –3
|
 Belarus (L, C)
|
3.250 | 5.000 | 2.500 | 1.500 | 0.250 | 12.500 | 0/4 | ||||
| 33 | 45 | +12
|
 Moldova (L, C)
|
2.750 | 1.125 | 0.750 | 1.375 | 4.500 | 10.500 | 1/4 | ||||
| 34 | 34 | —
|
 Lithuania (L, C)
|
2.375 | 2.625 | 1.625 | 1.625 | 1.750 | 10.000 | 0/4 | ||||
| 35 | 36 | +1
|
 Bosnia and Herzegovina (L, C)
|
1.375 | 2.000 | 1.500 | 2.625 | 1.625 | 9.125 | 0/4 | ||||
| 36 | 35 | –1
|
 Luxembourg (L, C)
|
0.875 | 2.625 | 3.000 | 1.000 | 1.250 | 8.750 | 0/4 | ||||
| 37 | 40 | +3
|
 Latvia (L, C)
|
0.750 | 1.625 | 2.250 | 1.375 | 2.625 | 8.625 | 0/4 | ||||
| 38 | 44 | +6
|
 Finland (L, C)
|
1.250 | 0.875 | 1.625 | 1.375 | 3.250 | 8.375 | 1/4 | ||||
| 39 | 48 | +9
|
 Kosovo (L, C)
|
0.000 | 2.500 | 1.500 | 1.833 | 2.333 | 8.166 | 0/3 | ||||
| 40 | 37 | –3
|
 Republic of Ireland (L, C)
|
1.125 | 1.000 | 1.250 | 1.875 | 2.875 | 8.125 | 0/4 | ||||
| 41 | 42 | +1
|
 Northern Ireland (L, C)
|
0.750 | 0.500 | 2.375 | 2.833 | 1.625 | 8.083 | 0/4 | ||||
| 42 | 41 | –1
|
 Albania (L, C)
|
2.625 | 1.000 | 0.750 | 2.000 | 1.625 | 8.000 | 0/4 | ||||
| 43 | 39 | –4
|
 Armenia (L, C)
|
0.625 | 1.500 | 2.750 | 1.375 | 1.625 | 7.875 | 1/4 | ||||
| 44 | 47 | +3
|
 Faroe Islands (L, C)
|
0.750 | 1.125 | 1.125 | 2.750 | 1.500 | 7.250 | 0/3 | ||||
| 45 | 46 | +1
|
 Malta (L, C)
|
1.375 | 1.500 | 0.750 | 1.500 | 1.875 | 7.000 | 0/4 | ||||
| 46 | 43 | –3
|
 Georgia (L, C)
|
0.125 | 1.625 | 2.250 | 1.750 | 1.250 | 7.000 | 0/4 | ||||
| 47 | 38 | –9
|
 North Macedonia (L, C)
|
3.125 | 1.000 | 0.500 | 1.750 | 0.625 | 7.000 | 0/4 | ||||
| 48 | 33 | –15
|
 Liechtenstein (C)[c]
|
2.000 | 1.500 | 2.500 | 0.500 | 0.000 | 6.500 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 49 | 53 | +4
|
 Estonia (L, C)
|
0.625 | 0.500 | 0.875 | 1.375 | 2.333 | 5.708 | 1/3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| 50 | 51 | +1
|
 Wales (L, C)
|
0.500 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.500 | 1.500 | 5.500 | 0/4 | ||||
| 51 | 49 | –2
|
 Gibraltar (L, C)
|
0.500 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.666 | 1.250 | 5.416 | 1/4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 52 | 52 | —
|
 Iceland (L, C)
|
1.125 | 1.500 | 0.625 | 0.625 | 1.500 | 5.375 | 0/4 | ||||
| 53 | 50 | –3
|
 Montenegro (L, C)
|
1.125 | 0.375 | 1.000 | 1.625 | 0.750 | 4.875 | 0/4 | ||||
| 54 | 54 | —
|
 Andorra (L, C)
|
0.166 | 0.833 | 1.500 | 0.666 | 1.500 | 4.665 | 0/3 | ||||
| 55 | 55 | —
|
 San Marino (L, C)
|
0.166 | 0.500 | 0.000 | 0.500 | 0.166 | 1.332 | 0/3 | ||||
- ^ a b The winner of the league cup of England is given a place in the UEFA Europa Conference League by special permission from UEFA (replacing the lowest-ranked league team which would have qualified).
- ^ Number of teams still active from association in UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League or UEFA Europa Conference League.
- ^ The Liechtenstein Football Association does not organise a national league competition and all its seven clubs compete in the Swiss football league system.[21][22] As a result, the only competitor from Liechtenstein in European competitions is the Liechtenstein Cup winners, who qualify for the UEFA Europa Conference League.[22]
History
Following the introduction of the UEFA Cup in 1971, the competition began to grow in complexity having more clubs than the European Champions Cup and the Cup Winners' Cup, reaching up to four from a single country. UEFA began to publish rankings in 1979,[1] to identify the number of participants for each association in the UEFA Cup.
Subsequently, for statistical purposes, various rankings were introduced to portray the history of competitions. According to the prorated (extended) calculation system, only four leagues have succeeded in being ranked as the top European league.[23]
Following the Heysel Stadium disaster, all English teams were banned from UEFA competitions in 1985. The ban was only lifted after five seasons, with the knock-on effects continuing to impact on the First Division and then the Premier League for a total of nine years from 1986 to 1994.[24] Having been top in 1985, England were un-ranked in 1990[25] and would not regain the top position until 2008.[26]
Top leagues by period
The following data indicates the three top-ranked leagues in each five-year period.[27] Data prior to 1975–1979 period has been calculated, but precedes the first published by the Confederation and has merely informative value.[27]
The table shows the ranking of nations with respect to the total number of years in the top three of the rankings:
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Women's Association coefficient
Current ranking
The ranking below takes into account of each association's performance in European competitions from 2017–18 to 2021–22, with the 2021–22 season currently taking place.
The final ranking at the end of the 2021–22 season will be used to determine the number of places for each association in the 2023–24 UEFA Women's Champions League.
As of 6 October 2021 the coefficients are as follows:[28]
| Ranking | Member association (L: League) |
Coefficient | Teams[a] | Places in UWCL 2023–24 season | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | Mvmt | 2017–18 | 2018–19 | 2019–20 | 2020–21 | 2021–22 | Total | |||
| 1 | 1 | — |
France (L)
|
17.500 | 19.500 | 20.000 | 15.000 | 5.000 | 77.000 | 2/3 | 3 |
| 2 | 2 | — |
Germany (L)
|
13.000 | 15.000 | 16.500 | 16.500 | 5.333 | 66.333 | 3/3 | |
| 3 | 3 | — |
England (L)
|
17.500 | 10.500 | 11.500 | 17.500 | 4.000 | 61.000 | 2/3 | |
| 4 | 4 | — |
Spain (L)
|
8.000 | 14.000 | 15.000 | 15.500 | 5.000 | 57.500 | 2/3 | |
| 5 | 6 | +1 |
Czech Republic (L)
|
11.000 | 8.000 | 5.500 | 7.000 | 2.333 | 33.833 | 0/3 | |
| 6 | 5 | –1 |
Sweden (L)
|
10.000 | 8.500 | 4.500 | 7.500 | 3.000 | 33.500 | 1/3 | |
| 7 | 7 | — |
Denmark (L)
|
4.000 | 5.500 | 8.500 | 7.000 | 2.750 | 27.750 | 1/2 | 2 |
| 8 | 10 | +2 |
Italy (L)
|
7.000 | 6.000 | 3.000 | 5.000 | 4.000 | 25.000 | 1/2 | |
| 9 | 8 | –1 |
Netherlands (L)
|
5.000 | 8.000 | 6.000 | 3.000 | 2.500 | 24.500 | 0/2 | |
| 10 | 11 | +1 |
Iceland (L)
|
8.000 | 3.000 | 8.000 | 2.000 | 2.750 | 23.750 | 1/2 | |
| 11 | 9 | –2 |
Kazakhstan (L)
|
6.000 | 5.000 | 7.000 | 3.500 | 1.500 | 23.000 | 0/2 | |
| 12 | 12 | — |
Norway (L)
|
5.000 | 7.500 | 2.000 | 5.500 | 2.500 | 22.500 | 0/2 | |
| 13 | 13 | — |
Scotland (L)
|
3.500 | 6.000 | 7.000 | 3.000 | 2.000 | 22.000 | 0/2 | |
| 14 | 15 | +1 |
Belarus (L)
|
3.000 | 2.000 | 8.000 | 5.000 | 1.500 | 19.500 | 0/2 | |
| 15 | 16 | +1 |
Austria (L)
|
2.500 | 2.000 | 3.000 | 9.000 | 2.000 | 18.500 | 0/1 | |
| 16 | 14 | –2 |
Switzerland (L)
|
4.000 | 5.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 2.500 | 17.500 | 1/2 | |
| 17 | 23 | +6 |
Portugal (L)
|
2.000 | 2.000 | 4.000 | 3.000 | 5.000 | 16.000 | 1/1 | 1 |
| 18 | 22 | +4 |
Ukraine (L)
|
1.500 | 3.000 | 2.000 | 5.000 | 4.000 | 15.500 | 1/1 | |
| 19 | 19 | — |
Lithuania (L)
|
7.000 | 3.000 | 1.500 | 2.000 | 2.000 | 15.500 | 0/1 | |
| 20 | 18 | –2 |
Cyprus (L)
|
3.000 | 5.000 | 2.000 | 2.000 | 3.000 | 15.000 | 0/1 | |
| 21 | 17 | –4 |
Russia (L)
|
4.500 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 2.000 | 1.750 | 14.250 | 0/2 | |
| 22 | 20 | –2 |
Serbia (L)
|
2.000 | 3.000 | 4.000 | 3.000 | 2.000 | 14.000 | 0/1 | |
| 23 | 27 | +4 |
Albania (L)
|
2.000 | 2.000 | 3.000 | 2.000 | 3.000 | 12.000 | 0/1 | |
| 24 | 25 | +1 |
Belgium (L)
|
2.000 | 2.000 | 4.000 | 2.000 | 2.000 | 12.000 | 0/1 | |
| 25 | 23 | –2 |
Poland (L)
|
3.000 | 2.000 | 1.500 | 3.000 | 1.500 | 11.000 | 0/1 | |
| 26 | 29 | +3 |
Finland (L)
|
1.500 | 3.000 | 2.000 | 1.000 | 2.000 | 9.500 | 0/1 | |
| 27 | 24 | –3 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina (L)
|
1.000 | 3.000 | 2.000 | 2.000 | 1.500 | 9.500 | 0/1 | |
| 28 | 28 | — |
Hungary (L)
|
1.000 | 1.500 | 2.500 | 2.000 | 2.000 | 9.000 | 0/1 | |
| 29 | 26 | –3 |
Romania (L)
|
3.000 | 2.000 | 1.000 | 2.000 | 1.000 | 9.000 | 0/1 | |
| 30 | 33 | +3 |
Croatia (L)
|
2.000 | 1.500 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 3.000 | 8.500 | 0/1 | |
| 31 | 31 | — |
Greece (L)
|
3.000 | 2.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 2.000 | 8.000 | 0/1 | |
| 32 | 30 | –2 |
Turkey (L)
|
2.000 | 1.500 | 2.000 | 1.000 | 1.500 | 8.000 | 0/1 | |
| 33 | 32 | –1 |
Slovenia (L)
|
1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 3.000 | 2.000 | 7.000 | 0/1 | |
| 34 | 34 | — |
Republic of Ireland (L)
|
2.000 | 1.000 | 2.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 7.000 | 0/1 | |
| 35 | 38 | +3 |
Bulgaria (L)
|
1.000 | 1.000 | 0.500 | 2.000 | 1.500 | 6.000 | 0/1 | |
| 36 | 35 | –1 |
Kosovo (L)
|
0.000 | 0.000 | 3.000 | 1.000 | 1.500 | 5.500 | 0/1 | |
| 37 | 36 | –1 |
Slovakia (L)
|
1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.500 | 5.500 | 0/1 | |
| 38 | 40 | +2 |
Estonia (L)
|
1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.500 | 5.500 | 0/1 | |
| 39 | 41 | +2 |
Montenegro (L)
|
0.500 | 0.500 | 1.500 | 1.000 | 1.500 | 5.000 | 0/1 | |
| 40 | 39 | –1 |
Wales (L)
|
0.000 | 0.500 | 2.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 4.500 | 0/1 | |
| 41 | 42 | +1 |
Georgia (L)
|
0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 3.000 | 1.000 | 4.000 | 0/1 | |
| 42 | 37 | –5 |
Israel (L)
|
0.500 | 0.500 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 4.000 | 0/1 | |
| 43 | 44 | +1 |
Northern Ireland (L)
|
0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.500 | 3.500 | 0/1 | |
| 44 | 47 | +3 |
Luxembourg (L)
|
0.000 | No entry[b]
|
0.000 | 1.000 | 2.000 | 3.000 | 0/1 | |
| 45 | 44 | –1 |
Faroe Islands (L)
|
1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 3.000 | 0/1 | |
| 46 | 45 | –1 |
Malta (L)
|
0.000 | 0.500 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 2.500 | 0/1 | |
| 47 | 47 | — |
Latvia (L)
|
0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 2.000 | 0/1 | |
| 48 | 47 | –1 |
North Macedonia (L)
|
0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 2.000 | 0/1 | |
| 49 | 47 | –2 |
Armenia (L)
|
No entry[b]
|
0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 2.000 | 0/1 | ||
| 50 | 46 | –4 |
Moldova (L)
|
0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 2.000 | 0/1 | |
| —[c] | — | — | Azerbaijan (L)
|
No entry[b]
|
(NR)[c] | 0/0 | |||||
| —[c] | — | — | Gibraltar (L)
|
No entry[b]
|
(NR)[c] | 0/0 | |||||
| —[c] | — | — | Andorra (NL)[d]
|
No entry[b]
|
(NR)[c] | 0/0 | |||||
| —[c] | — | — | Liechtenstein (NL)[d]
|
No entry[b]
|
(NR)[c] | 0/0 | |||||
| —[c] | — | — | San Marino (NL)[d]
|
No entry[b]
|
(NR)[c] | 0/0 | |||||
- ^ Number of teams still active from association in UEFA Women's Champions League.
- ^ a b c d e f g Did not participate in European competitions that season.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j No rank, association did not enter in any of the seasons used for computing coefficients (NR)
- ^ a b c No women's domestic league (NL)
History
Top leagues by period
The following data indicates the three top-ranked women's leagues in each five-year period.
The table shows the ranking of nations with respect to the total number of years in the top three of the rankings:
|
Men's Club coefficient
The club coefficient is either the sum of the points earned by the club in the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League and UEFA Europa Conference League over the previous five seasons or 20% of the club's association coefficient over the same period, whichever coefficient is higher.[29] This ranking is used by UEFA to determine a club's seeding in club competition draws, including the qualifying and group stages of the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League and the UEFA Europa Conference League.
The clubs receive two points for a win, one point for a draw, and no points for a defeat in games of the main stages of the Champions League, Europa League and Europa Conference League. Results determined after extra-time are included in this method, however results determined after penalty shoot-outs are not (the result is considered a draw). Bonus points for entering the Europa League group stage or Europa Conference League group stage are not additional to win/draw points; they provide a minimum points allowance for participating clubs, whereas bonus points for entering the Champions League group stage (and those for qualifying to the knockout stage) are additional to win/draw points.
Qualifying round results are only taken into account if the team is eliminated in one of the rounds (see table below). Otherwise, the qualifying round results are taken into account only for the calculation of the association's coefficient and are halved.[30] The clubs do not receive any points for elimination in the Champions League or Europa League qualifying because those teams move to the Europa League and/or Europa Conference League and receive points from participation in that competition.[31][32]
2021–22 and future seasons
| Round | Points awarded | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Champions League | Europa League | Europa Conference League | |
| Preliminary Round elimination | – | – | – |
| First qualifying round elimination | – | – | 1 |
| Second qualifying round elimination | – | – | 1.5 |
| Third qualifying round elimination | – | – | 2 |
| Play-off elimination | – | – | 2.5 |
| Group stage participation | 4 | 3 (minimum) | 2.5 (minimum) |
| All wins from group stage onwards (except knockout round play-offs) | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| All draws from group stage onwards (except knockout round play-offs) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Group winner | – | 4 | 2 |
| Group runners-up | – | 2 | 1 |
| Round of 16 participation | 5 | 1 | – |
| Quarter-finals participation | 1 | 1 | – |
| Semi-finals and Finals participation | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Prior to 2021–22 season
| Round | Points awarded | |
|---|---|---|
| Champions League | Europa League | |
| Preliminary Round elimination | – | 0.5 |
| First qualifying round elimination | – | 1 |
| Second qualifying round elimination | – | 1.5 |
| Third qualifying round elimination | – | 2 |
| Play-off elimination | – | 2.5 |
| Group stage participation | 4 | 3 (minimum) |
| Win in group stage or subsequent round | 2 | 2 |
| Draw in group stage or subsequent round | 1 | 1 |
| Round of 16 participation | 5 | – |
| Quarter-finals, semi-finals, and finals participation | 1 | 1 |
Prior to the 2018 club rankings, teams received the sum of their points earned over the last five seasons plus 20% of the club's association coefficient.[30][31]
Before 1999 a number of strong teams in the UEFA Cup were seeded such that those teams did not meet in the first two rounds. To determine these teams, the sum of the ratio of the number of points achieved to the number of games played by each team, was calculated for the past five seasons.
Current team ranking
The ranking below takes into account of each team's performance in European competitions from 2017–18 to 2021–22, with the 2021–22 season currently taking place.
The top 25 clubs as of 30 September 2021 are as follows.[33][34]
| Ranking | Club | Association | Coefficient | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | Mvmt | 2017–18 | 2018–19 | 2019–20 | 2020–21 | 2021–22 | Total | ||
| 1 | 1 | — |
Bayern Munich | Germany
|
29.0 | 20.0 | 36.0 | 27.0 | 8.0 | 120.0 |
| 2 | 3 | +1 |
Manchester City | England
|
22.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 35.0 | 6.0 | 113.0 |
| 3 | 9 | +6 |
Liverpool | England
|
30.0 | 29.0 | 18.0 | 24.0 | 8.0 | 109.0 |
| 4 | 11 | +7 |
Chelsea | England
|
18.0 | 30.0 | 17.0 | 33.0 | 6.0 | 104.0 |
| 5 | 4 | –1 |
Barcelona | Spain
|
25.0 | 30.0 | 24.0 | 20.0 | 4.0 | 103.0 |
| 6 | 8 | +2 |
Paris Saint-Germain | France
|
19.0 | 19.0 | 31.0 | 24.0 | 7.0 | 100.0 |
| 7 | 2 | –5 |
Real Madrid | Spain
|
32.0 | 19.0 | 17.0 | 26.0 | 6.0 | 100.0 |
| 8 | 5 | –3 |
Juventus | Italy
|
23.0 | 21.0 | 22.0 | 21.0 | 8.0 | 95.0 |
| 9 | 6 | –3 |
Atlético Madrid | Spain
|
28.0 | 20.0 | 22.0 | 16.0 | 7.0 | 93.0 |
| 10 | 7 | –3 |
Manchester United | England
|
20.0 | 19.0 | 22.0 | 26.0 | 6.0 | 93.0 |
| 11 | 12 | +1 |
Sevilla | Spain
|
21.0 | 13.0 | 26.0 | 19.0 | 6.0 | 85.0 |
| 12 | 13 | +1 |
Roma | Italy
|
25.0 | 17.0 | 11.0 | 24.0 | 4.0 | 81.0 |
| 13 | 15 | +2 |
Tottenham Hotspur | England
|
21.0 | 26.0 | 16.0 | 15.0 | 3.0 | 81.0 |
| 14 | 11 | –3 |
Arsenal | England
|
21.0 | 26.0 | 10.0 | 23.0 | 0.0[a] | 80.0 |
| 15 | 14 | –1 |
Borussia Dortmund | Germany
|
10.0 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 22.0 | 8.0 | 76.0 |
| 16 | 16 | — |
Porto | Portugal
|
17.0 | 23.0 | 7.0 | 23.0 | 5.0 | 75.0 |
| 17 | 18 | +1 |
Shakhtar Donetsk | Ukraine
|
19.0 | 10.0 | 22.0 | 14.0 | 5.0 | 70.0 |
| 18 | 21 | +3 |
RB Leipzig | Germany
|
17.0 | 5.0 | 27.0 | 17.0 | 4.0 | 70.0 |
| 19 | 17 | –2 |
Ajax | Netherlands
|
1.5 | 27.0 | 13.0 | 19.0 | 8.0 | 68.5 |
| 20 | 23 | +3 |
Red Bull Salzburg | Austria
|
21.0 | 16.0 | 10.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 61.0 |
| 21 | 20 | –1 |
Napoli | Italy
|
10.0 | 18.0 | 19.0 | 10.0 | 3.0 | 60.0 |
| 22 | 22 | — |
Villarreal | Spain
|
8.0 | 16.0 | 0.0[a] | 30.0 | 5.0 | 59.0 |
| 23 | 19 | –4 |
Lyon | France
|
14.0 | 17.0 | 23.0 | 0.0[a] | 4.0 | 58.0 |
| 24 | 27 | +3 |
Atalanta | Italy
|
11.0 | 2.5 | 20.0 | 17.0 | 7.0 | 57.5 |
| 25 | 26 | +1 |
Inter Milan | Italy
|
0.0[a] | 15.0 | 25.0 | 9.0 | 5.0 | 54.0 |
Top club by period
The following data indicate the top-ranked clubs in each 5-year period.[27] Data prior to 1975–1979 period has been calculated, but precedes the first published by the Confederation and has merely informative value.[27]
|
Top-rated clubs listed by number of times they were top-ranked over a 5-year period since the first period officially analysed (1975–1979):
| Rank | Club | Total |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Real Madrid
|
15 |
| 2 | Juventus
|
7 |
| Barcelona
| ||
| 4 | Bayern Munich
|
4 |
| 5 | Borussia Mönchengladbach
|
2 |
| Liverpool
| ||
| Milan
| ||
| 8 | Ajax
|
1 |
| Anderlecht
| ||
| Chelsea
| ||
| Manchester United
| ||
| Paris Saint-Germain
|
Women's Club coefficient
The season coefficient of a club is calculated by adding the total number of points it obtains in a given season and 20% of its association's coefficient for that same season. A club's five-season coefficient is the cumulative total of its five season coefficients from the reference period and 20% of its association's five-season association's coefficient.[35] This ranking is used by UEFA to determine a club's seeding in club competition draws, including the qualifying and group stages of the UEFA Women's Champions League.
The distribution of points is symmetrical to the distribution of points in association ranking.
2021–22 and future seasons
| Round | Points awarded |
|---|---|
| Women's Champions League | |
| Preliminary Round elimination | 0.5 |
| The defeated club of the round 1 third-place match | 1 |
| The winner of the round 1 third-place match (four-team mini-tournament)
or defeated team in the MD1 tie (three-team mini-tournament) |
1.5 |
| Round 1 defeated finalist | 2 |
| Round 2 elimination | 3 |
| Group stage participation | 4 |
| Win in group stage or subsequent round | 2 |
| Draw in group stage or subsequent round | 1 |
| Quarter-finals, semi-finals and finals participation | 1 |
Current team ranking
The ranking below takes into account of each team's performance in European competitions from 2017–18 to 2021–22, with the 2021–22 season currently taking place.
The top 25 clubs as of 5 October 2021 are as follows:[36]
| Ranking | Club | Association | Coefficient | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | Mvmt | 2017–18 | 2018–19 | 2019–20 | 2020–21 | 2021–22 | Club | Assn. Part | Total | ||
| 1 | 1 | — |
Lyon | France
|
24.0 | 24.0 | 23.0 | 15.0 | 6.0 | 92.0 | 15.3 | 107.3 |
| 2 | 2 | — |
Barcelona | Spain
|
13.0 | 21.0 | 18.0 | 22.0 | 6.0 | 80.0 | 11.4 | 91.4 |
| 3 | 3 | — |
Wolfsburg | Germany
|
21.0 | 13.0 | 21.0 | 13.0 | 4.0 | 72.0 | 13.2 | 85.2 |
| 4 | 5 | +1 |
Bayern Munich | Germany
|
5.0 | 17.0 | 12.0 | 20.0 | 5.0 | 59.0 | 13.2 | 72.2 |
| 5 | 7 | +2 |
Chelsea | England
|
16.0 | 17.0 | 0.0[a] | 20.0 | 4.0 | 57.0 | 12.1 | 69.1 |
| 6 | 4 | –2 |
Paris Saint-Germain | France
|
0.0[a] | 15.0 | 17.0 | 15.0 | 4.0 | 51.0 | 15.3 | 66.3 |
| 7 | 6 | –1 |
Manchester City | England
|
19.0 | 4.0 | 9.0 | 15.0 | 3.0 | 50.0 | 12.1 | 62.1 |
| 8 | 8 | — |
Slavia Praha | Czech Republic
|
13.0 | 13.0 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 41.0 | 6.8 | 47.8 |
| 9 | 10 | +1 |
Atlético Madrid | Spain
|
3.0 | 7.0 | 12.0 | 9.0 | 0.0[a] | 31.0 | 11.4 | 42.4 |
| 10 | 9 | –1 |
Rosengård | Sweden
|
8.0 | 9.0 | 0.0[a] | 12.0 | 3.0 | 32.0 | 6.8 | 38.8 |
| 11 | 15 | +4 |
Sparta Praha | Czech Republic
|
9.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 10.0 | 3.0 | 28.0 | 6.8 | 34.8 |
| 12 | 11 | –1 |
Brøndby | Denmark
|
4.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 1.5 | 28.5 | 5.6 | 34.1 |
| 13 | 16 | +3 |
Glasgow City | Scotland
|
5.0 | 6.0 | 12.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 29.0 | 4.4 | 33.4 |
| 14 | 13 | –1 |
LSK Kvinner | Norway
|
7.0 | 12.0 | 2.0 | 6.0 | 0.0[a] | 27.0 | 4.5 | 31.5 |
| 15 | 17 | +2 |
Fiorentina | Italy
|
8.0 | 8.0 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 0.0[a] | 26.0 | 4.8 | 30.8 |
| 16 | 14 | –2 |
BIIK Kazygurt | Kazakhstan
|
6.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 2.0 | 26.0 | 4.6 | 30.6 |
| 17 | 22 | +5 |
Arsenal | England
|
0.0[a] | 0.0[a] | 14.0 | 0.0[a] | 4.0 | 18.0 | 12.1 | 30.1 |
| 18 | 12 | –6 |
Fortuna Hjørring | Denmark
|
4.0 | 3.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 0.0[a] | 23.0 | 5.6 | 28.6 |
| 19 | 20 | +1 |
Linköpings | Sweden
|
12.0 | 8.0 | 0.0[a] | 0.0[a] | 0.0[a] | 20.0 | 6.8 | 26.8 |
| 20 | 19 | –1 |
Montpellier | France
|
11.0 | 0.0[a] | 0.0[a] | 0.0[a] | 0.0[a] | 11.0 | 15.3 | 26.3 |
| 21 | 21 | — |
St. Pölten | Austria
|
3.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 9.0 | 2.0 | 22.0 | 3.7 | 25.7 |
| 22 | 23 | +1 |
FC Minsk | Belarus
|
3.0 | 2.0 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 19.5 | 3.9 | 23.4 |
| 23 | 18 | –5 |
Zürich | Switzerland
|
4.0 | 8.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 19.0 | 3.5 | 22.5 |
| 24 | 24 | — |
Ajax | Netherlands
|
5.0 | 8.0 | 0.0[a] | 3.0 | 0.0[a] | 16.0 | 4.9 | 20.9 |
| 25 | —[b] | — | 1899 Hoffenheim | Germany
|
0.0[a] | 0.0[a] | 0.0[a] | 0.0[a] | 6.0 | 6.0 | 13.2 | 19.2 |
Top club by period
The following data indicate the top-ranked women's clubs in each 5-year period.
Top-rated women's clubs listed by number of times they were top-ranked over a 5-year period since the first period officially analysed (2001–2005):
|
Futsal tournaments' coefficient
Men's National team
Since 2020 FIFA Futsal World Cup qualification, coefficients are based on the Elo rating system and are constantly updated to all non friendly matches.[37]This ranking is used to seed national teams on UEFA competitions and to decide the number of clubs from an association that will participate in the UEFA Futsal Champions League. For the UEFA Futsal Euro 2022 qualifying, the rankings were as follows:[38]
|
|
|
Women's National team
2020 Ranking
The coefficients from 2020 used for the seeding and pot placements in the draw for UEFA Women's Futsal Euro 2021, were based on results on 2019 edition.[39]
|
|
Men's Futsal Club coefficient
The club coefficient, used to determine seeds and entrance round on the UEFA Futsal Champions League, is the sum of the points earned by the club in that competition on the previous three seasons and 50% of the club's association coefficient over the same period. The association coefficient is the sum of the points earned by all the clubs of the association. Even though all calculation procedures are public for association and club coefficients, UEFA only publishes the coefficients of the clubs competing on UEFA Futsal Champions League.[40] The coefficients for the top 16 teams competing on 2020–21 UEFA Futsal Champions League are as follows:[41]
|
|
Youth tournaments' coefficient
UEFA Under-19
|
|
|
|
UEFA Under-17
|
|
|
UEFA Women's Under-19
|
|
|
|
UEFA Women's Under-17
|
|
|
|
Youth Club's (Nation)
|
|
|
Youth Club's (Club)
![[icon]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (October 2020) |
Criticisms
The UEFA coefficient system has been criticised for being likely to preserve the status quo for rankings and seedings, as well as for favouring teams from stronger leagues.[42]
See also
- UEFA Respect Fair Play ranking
- AFC Club Competitions Ranking, a similar system used by the Asian Football Confederation
- CAF 5-Year Ranking, a similar system used by the Confederation of African Football
- CONMEBOL ranking of the Copa Libertadores, a similar system used by CONMEBOL (clubs only)
References
- ^ a b Patric Andersson; Peter Ayton; Carsten Schmidt (2009). Myths and Facts about Football: The Economics and Psychology of the World's Greatest Sport. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 136. ISBN 978-14-4381-525-3.
- ^ "UEFA Women's Champions League Association Coefficient Ranking" (PDF). UEFA.com.
- ^ "UEFA Women's Champions League 2012/13 Entry List" (PDF). UEFA.com.
- ^ "Spain and Israel top seeds for Under-21 draw". UEFA.com. 19 October 2012.
- ^ "New coefficient system". UEFA. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
- ^ a b "New UEFA National Team Coefficient Ranking System" (PDF). UEFA. 20 May 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
- ^ "National Team Coefficient Ranking -Technical explanation" (PDF). UEFA. October 2009.
- ^ a b "National Team Coefficients Overview" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 11 October 2017. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
- ^ "National Team Coefficients Overview" (PDF). UEFA. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
- ^ "National Team Coefficients Overview" (PDF). UEFA. 12 October 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
- ^ "National Ranking UEFA 2013". footballseeding.com. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
- ^ "National Ranking UEFA 2015". footballseeding.com. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
- ^ a b c "UEFA Futsal National Teams coefficient rankings 2017/18" (PDF). UEFA.com.
- ^ "UEFA Country Coefficients 2012-2013". UEFA. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
- ^ "Regulations of UEFA Champions League" (PDF). UEFA. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
- ^ "Bonus points". UEFA. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ^ Regulations of the UEFA Champions League, 2020/21 (Annex D.7) (Report). UEFA. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- ^ Regulations of the UEFA Europa League, 2020/21 (Annex D.7) (Report). UEFA. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- ^ "UEFA Country Ranking 2022". kassiesa.home.xs4all.nl. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
- ^ uefa.com. "Member associations - UEFA rankings - Country coefficients – UEFA.com". UEFA.com. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
- ^ "Border crossing". When Saturday Comes (WSC). July 2008. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b "Liechtenstein making strides (Liechtenstein's profile)". UEFA. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
- ^ UEFA European Cup Coefficients Database (Bert Kassies)
- ^ "UEFA Country Ranking 1985". Retrieved 22 April 2014.
- ^ "UEFA Country Ranking 1990". Retrieved 22 April 2014.
- ^ "UEFA Country Ranking 2008". Retrieved 22 April 2014.
- ^ a b c d "UEFA European Cup Coefficients Database". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
- ^ uefa.com. "Women's association club coefficients – UEFA.com". UEFA.com. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- ^ "How the club coefficients are calculated". UEFA.com. July 2018.
- ^ a b "UEFA Coefficients calculation method". Bert Kassies. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
- ^ a b "UEFA Club Coefficients 2012-2013". UEFA. Retrieved 20 November 2012.
- ^ Bonus points (Report). UEFA. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ^ "UEFA Team Ranking 2022". kassiesa.home.xs4all.nl. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
- ^ "Member associations - UEFA rankings - Club coefficients – UEFA.com". UEFA.com. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
- ^ "Regulations of the UEFA Women's Champions League". documents.uefa.com. 24 June 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ uefa.com. "Women's club coefficients – UEFA.com". UEFA.com. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- ^ UEFA.com (10 June 2020). "How the men's futsal national team coefficients are calculated". UEFA.com. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
- ^ "Futsal A National Team Coefficient (28.10.2019)" (PDF). UEFA.com.
- ^ "Women's Futsal National Teams Coefficient Rankings" (PDF). UEFA.com.
- ^ "Regulations of the UEFA Futsal Champions League". documents.uefa.com. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
- ^ "Full coefficient rankings" (PDF). UEFA. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
- ^ Chris Bevan (28 August 2013). "How Uefa's seeding system helps Arsenal & hinders Celtic". BBC Sport. Retrieved 15 July 2014.