Smokey Mountain
Smokey Mountain was the term coined for a large landfill once located in Tondo, Manila.
History
Smokey Mountain operated for more than 40 years,[1] consisting of over two million metric tons of waste. The flammable substances on decomposing waste led fires which has resulted in many deaths.[2]
In 1969, a joint venture agreement, between the National Housing Authority (NHA) and R-II Builders Inc. (RBI) was made to build a low-cost housing project at Smokey Mountain. On 15 August 2007, this agreement was declared valid by the Philippine Supreme Court.[3] The area was officially closed in 1995.[2] The site was turned into public housing for the impoverished people living in the slums surrounding the landfill. The slums were also cleared, which was the home of 30,000 people that make their living from picking through the landfill's rubbish.[1]
In the 1990s Jane Walker arrived in the Philippines on holiday and her taxi took her by Smokey Mountain. She was intrigued by the Tondo slums and she returned back to Southampton where her plan to do something took place. In time she would raise money, raise funds and build businesses that transformed rubbish into products like handbags. She was awarded an MBE in 2006 and in 2012 she was living in the Philippines.[4]
Projects have been enforced by the government and non-government organizations to allow urban resettlement sites for the slum dwellers.[5] According to a UN-Habitat report, over 20 million people in the Philippines live in slums,[6] and in the city of Manila alone, 50% of the over 11 million inhabitants live in slum areas.[7][8]
Migration to The Payatas Dump
When Smokey Mountain closed down in 1995, many scavengers migrated to the Payatas dumpsite, where another large scavenging community arose.[2] In 2000, a landslide at the Payatas dump killed over two hundred scavengers.[2] As of 2007, approximately 80,000 people live at the Payatas dump.[2]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Smokey Mountain Remediation and Development Project: Philippines". Poverty Environmenps://web.archive.org/web/20130718084509/http://povertyenvironment.net/phi-smokey.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher= - ^ a b c d e Medina, Martin (2007). The world's scavengers : salvaging for sustainable consumption and production. Lanham, MD [u.a.]: AltaMira Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-0759109414.
- ^ Torres, Tetch (15 August 2007). "SC upholds Smokey Mountain contract between NHA, R-II". Inquirer.net. Archived from the original on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
- ^ "'Angel of the dump' Jane Walker transforming lives in Philippines". gulfnews.com. Retrieved 2021-10-23.
- ^ "It breaks your heart". Archived from the original on June 15, 2007. Retrieved May 26, 2007.
- ^ Salazar, Teresa (30 June 2007). "High transaction costs, rent control linked to RP slums". Inquirer.net. Archived from the original on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
- ^ http://home.earthlink.net/~lordprozen/PUF/bahang/state.html#ref4 Archived July 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Cruz, Prince Christian (10 July 2008). "Housing Sales and Rental Markets in Asia". Global Property Guide. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2013.