Military ranks of the Soviet Union (1955–1991)

The ranks and rank insignia of the Soviet Armed Forces between 1955 and 1991 were distinguished by the reorganisation of the Soviet armed forces after the death of Stalin, resulting in changes to ranks, insignia, and uniforms.

Changes to distinction insignia

Shoulder straps to field utilization

In December 1956 the coloured border piping on officers' shoulder straps was changed. A cinnamon-brown color was used instead of the burgundy red previously worn by commanders and commanding officers. All other officers and other ranks wore corps colours as follows:

• Motorised & mechanised rifles – raspberry
• Artillery & armored troops – black, red
• Air Force & aviation – blue
• Technical troops of any kind and the navy – black

The regimental numberings of the 1943 system were removed altogether.

Enlisted men, non-commissioned officers, warrant officers, and michman

Army, Air Force

Rank group	Warrant officers		Non-commissioned officers					Enlisted men
Shoulder boards (motorized infantry troops)
Shoulder boards (air force & aviation)
	(introduced 1981)	(introduced 1971)	(from 1964)	(until 1963)
	Ста́рший пра́порщик Stárshiy práporshchik	Пра́порщик Práporshchyk	Старшина́ Starshyná		Ста́рший сержа́нт Stárshiy serzhánt	Сержа́нт Serzhánt	Мла́дший сержа́нт Mládshiy serzhánt	Ефре́йтор Efréĭtor	Рядово́й Ryadovóy
US equivalent	Chief warrant officer	Warrant officer	Command sergeant major		Sergeant major	Master sergeant	Sergeant	Private first class	Private

Colors by type of troops:

• motorized infantry troops – red (scarlet);
• artillery, rocket, tank, engineering, construction, automobile, railway troops, signal-corps, troops of radiation, chemical and biological protection – black;
• air force and airborne troops – sky blue;
• state security troops (KGB troops) – dark blue, instead of the letters "СА" (Советская Армия) the letters "ГБ" (Государственная Безопасность – State Security);
• internal troops (Interior Ministry troops) – crimson (dark red), instead of the letters "СА" (Советская Армия) the letters "ВВ" (Внутренние Войска);
• border troops – green, instead of the letters "СА" (Советская Армия) the letters "ПВ" (Пограничные Войска).

Ratings of the Navy, coastal services and other shore commands

Enlisted ratings			Boatswain/ petty officers					Michman
Shoulder boards to service uniform basic
Rating designation (naval services)	Seaman apprentice	Seaman	Petty Officer 3rd class	Petty Officer 2nd class	Petty Officer 1st class	until 1955 Warrant Officer	1956-1971 Warrant Officer from 1971 Chief Petty Officer	from 1971 Warrant Officer	from 1981 Chief Warrant Officer
	Матрос	Старший матрос	Старшина 2-ой статьи	Старшина 1-ой статьи	Главный старшина	до 1955 Мичман	1956-1971 Мичман с 1971 Главный корабельный старшина	с 1971 Мичман	с 1981 Старший мичман
... (coastal services and other shore commands)	Seaman	Senior Seaman	Junior Sergeant	Sergeant	Senior Sergeant	until 1957 Major Sergeant	from 1958 Major Sergeant	from 1971 Warrant Officer	from 1981 Senior Warrant Officer
	Матрос	Старший матрос	Младший сержант	Сержант	Старший сержант	до 1955 Старшина	1956-1971 Старшина	с 1971 Прапорщик	с 1981 Старший прапорщик

Letter codes from 1972 onward

• The letter imprint "CA" on army shoulder boards stood for "Советская Аpмия (en: Sovetskaya Armiya) " and was the symbol of adherence to the Soviet Army.
• The letter imprint on Soviet navy shoulder boards symbolised the adherence to the appropriate fleet or naval major command.
  • Ф – Fleet (Template:Lang-ru), general personnel of the Navy
  • БФ – Baltic Fleet (Балтийский Флот; Baltiski Flot)
  • ЧМ – Black Sea Fleet (Черноморский Флот, Chernomorski Flot)
  • СФ – Northern Fleet (Северный Флот, Severny Flot)
  • ТФ – Pacific Fleet (Тихоокеанский Флот, Tikhookeanski flot)
• Other letter symbols
  • BB – (Внутренние Войска, Vnutrennie Voiska) – Internal Troops
  • ВМУ – (Военно-музыкальное Училище, Voyenno-musykalnoye Utchilishche) – students of military musician schools or cadets of military bands
• ВС – (Вооружённые Силы, Voorushonnye Sily) – armed forces (Soviet Army, later USSR armed forces, also Armed forces of the USSR)
• ГБ – (Госуда́рственной Безопа́сности, Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti) – Committee for State Security (KGB)
• К – (Курсант, Kursant) – higher military college student
• H – (Нахимовец, Nakhimovez) – cadet in the Nakhimov Naval School
• ПВ – (Пограничные войска, Pogranitshnye voiska) – border troops
• СШ – (Cпециальная школа, Spezialnaya shkola) – special school
• СВУ – (Суворовец, Suvorovez) – cadet at a Suvorov Military School

Army officers and generals (all services)

Designation	Lieutenants			Captain´s rank	Field officers			Higher commanders & commander-in-chief
Shoulder boards to parade uniform land forces (Army)
Air force
Rank designation (Ground and air forces and independent branches)	Junior Lieutenant	Lieutenant	Senior Lieutenant	Captain	Major	Lieutenant Colonel	Colonel	Major general	Lieutenant general	Colonel General	Army General until 1974 and after 1974		Marshal of the Soviet Union
	Мл. лейтенант	Лейтенант	Ст. лейтенант	Капитан	Майор	Подполковник	Полковник	Генерал-майор	Генерал-лейтенант	Генерал-полковник	Генерал аpмии		Маршал Советского Союза

Naval officers and flag officers (all services)

Designation	Lieutenants			Captain lieutenants	Staff officers			Flag officers & higher commanders
Shoulder board to parade uniform Navy
Sleeve insignia
Rank designation (naval services)	Junior Lieutenant	Lieutenant	Senior Lieutenant	Captain-Lieutenant	Captain 3rd Rank	Captain 2nd Rank	Captain 1st Rank	Contra-Admiral	Vice admiral	Admiral	Fleet Admiral		Admiral of the fleet of the Soviet Union
											(1955-1961)	(1962-1994)	(1955-1991)
	Младший лейтенант	Лейтенант	Ст. лейтенант	Капитан-лейтенант	Капитан 3-го ранга	Капитан 2-го ранга	Капитан 1-го ранга	Контр-адмирал	Вице-адмирал	Адмирал	Адмирал флота		Адмирал флота Советского Союза
Rank designation (Shore services of the Navy)	Junior lieutenant	Lieutenant	Senior lieutenant	Captain	Major	Lieutenant colonel	Colonel	Major general	Lieutenant general	Colonel general	No equivalent established
	Мл. лейтенант	Лейтенант	Ст. лейтенант	Капитан	Майор	Подполковник	Полковник	Генерал-майор	Генерал-лейтенант	Генерал-полковник

Top ranks

Marshal ranks and Supreme commanders of the Soviet armed forces
Shoulder board to dress uniform
Rank designation	Marshal of the branch					Chief marshal of the branch					Marshal of the Soviet Union
Supreme commander of the Soviet Navy
Shoulder board to dress uniform	—					—
Rank designation	—					—					Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union (1955-1991)

See also

• History of Russian military ranks
• Ranks and rank insignia of the Russian armed forces until 1917
• Ranks and insignia of the Red Army and Navy 1918–1935, ... 1935–1940, and ... 1940–1943
• Ranks and rank insignia of the Soviet Armed Forces 1943–1955
• Ranks and rank insignia of the Russian Federation´s armed forces 1994–2010