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Fazil Iravani

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Ayatollah al-Uzma
Fazil Iravani
TitleSecond Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus
Personal life
Born1782
Yerevan, Erivan Khanate, Zand dynasty
DiedMarch 3, 1885(1885-03-03) (aged 102–103)
Yerevan, Erivan Governorate, Russian Empire
Religious life
ReligionIslam
SchoolShia
Muslim leader
Based inTbilisi, Russian Empire
PostSheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus
Period in office1846-1852
PredecessorMahammadali Huseinzadeh
SuccessorAhmad Huseinzadeh

Muhammad ibn Muhammad Bagher Iravāni (Template:Lang-fa), in some sources Fazil Iravāni, was an Iranian Islamic jurist, the second Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus and an Ayatollah al-Uzma.

Early life and education

Fazil Iravani was born in Yerevan in either 1782[1] or 1817[2] to Muhammad Baqir Iravani. His grandfather Mir Abdulfattah Iravani was a cleric as well. He got his primary religious education in same city. He went on to continue his education in 1802 to Al-Azhar University. He later went on to be a disciple of Ayatollah Sayyed Ibrahim Qazwini in Karbala and later studied in Najaf. He was also a disciple of Sayyid Husayn Kuhkamara'i, uncle of Muhammad Hujjat Kuh-Kamari.[3] According to Iranian writer Aghighi Bakhshayeshi, he was a successor to Kuhkamara'i[4] and the Turkish faction of Najaf scholars.[5] He later became a marja', having 30 students and disciples of himself, including Sayyid 'Ali Kuhkamara'i, his teacher's brother,[6] Muhammad Hirz al-Din,[7] Abdallah Mazandarani[8] and Sayyed Hussein Khamenei (grandfather of Ali Khamenei).[9] He was akhund of Isfahan and Tabriz in his 40s.

Sheikh ul-Islam

He returned to his native Yerevan in 1827 and became akhund of Blue Mosque. He was appointed as deputy of Sheikh ul-Islam Mahammadali Huseinzadeh in 1843. He succeeded him as Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus prior to former's resignation in 1846. He reformed many clerical issues, including taking nikah rights from mosque mullahs and handing it over to more educated akhunds. He resigned his post in 1852 and was succeeded by Ahmad Huseinzadeh. He died on 3 March 1885, Yerevan in very old age and buried in Najaf.

Works

He was long thought to be the author of famous novel The Rose and the Nightingale (1834),[10] being mistaken for Fazlî Kara, an Ottoman poet.[11] Besides that, he authored at least 15 treatises including Qawaid-i Farsi (1845, Tabriz), Usuli Ibrat.[12]

Family

He had at least 3 children:

  1. Sheikh Mahmud Iravani
  2. Sheikh Morteza Iravani
  3. Sheikh Muhammad Javad Iravani (b. 1870, Najaf - 1962)
    1. Mirza Mohammad Iravani (died young)
    2. Sheikh Kazem Iravani
    3. Sheikh Mohammad Taghi Iravani (b. 1911 - d. 1 November 2005)
      1. Ayatollah Muhammad Baqir al-Irawani (b. 1949, Najaf)
      2. A daughter
        1. Ammar Nakshawani

References

  1. ^ Mammadli, Huseyngulu (2005). Qafqazda İslam və Şeyxülislamlar [Islam and Sheikh-ul-Islams in the Caucasus] (in Azerbaijani). Baku: MBM. p. 42.
  2. ^ Rizvan. "AYƏTULLAH ƏL-ÜZMA ŞEYX MƏHƏMMƏD İRƏVANİ". Rizvan - رضوان (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  3. ^ Asgerova, Lutviyye. "QAFQAZIN II. ŞEYXÜLİSLAMI AXUND FAZİL İRƏVANİ" (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-06-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ Bakhshayeshi, Aghighi (1997). Mafakher-e Azerbaijan [Prides of Azerbaijan] (in Persian). Tabriz: Nashr-e Azerbaijan. p. 243.
  5. ^ "The Irawani Family in Iraq". Alsaraf's Weblog. 2009-10-27. Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  6. ^ "Sayyid Muhammad Hujjat Kuhkamara'i". WikiShia. Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  7. ^ "Muhammad Hirz al-Din". WikiShia. Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  8. ^ www.dsi.co.ir (24 May 1394). "Ayatollah Abdollah Mazandarani". www.iichs.ir. Retrieved 2021-06-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ^ "Detailed biography of Ayatollah Khamenei, Leader of Islamic Revolution". Khamenei.ir. 2013-09-23. Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  10. ^ Fazlî, Muḥammad (1834). Gül u bülbül, das ist: Rose und Nachtigall, ein Gedicht, türk. herausg. und deutsch übers. durch J. von Hammer (in German).
  11. ^ Asgerzade, Lutviyye (2021). "FAZILİRAVANİ AND FAZLI KARA'S ROSE AND NIGHTINGALE (Conflicts and truth)" (PDF). BUTA International Journal of Scientific Research. (in Turkish) (2/1). ISSN 2717-7661.
  12. ^ "محمدفاضل ایروانی - ویکی فقه" [Fazil Irawani]. wikifeqh.ir (in Persian). Retrieved 2021-06-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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