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List of cities by GDP

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GDP of the ten largest metropolitan economies in the OECD, 2001–2018.[1][2]

This is a list of cities in the world by gross domestic product (GDP). The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities may be classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions.[3] The methodology of calculating GDP may differ between the studies and are widely based on projections and sometimes approximate estimations, notably for cities that are not within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Refer to sources for more information. Click on the headers to reorganize columns.

List

Each of the columns in the table is sortable by pressing on the arrows at the head of the column:

Rank City proper /

Metropolitan area

Country/Region UNSD

sub‑region[4]

Official est.GDP

up to date (billion US$)

Brookings[5]2014 est.

PPP-adjusted GDP (billion US$)

Visual Capitalist[6]

2021 est.

(billion US$)

Visual Capitalist[7]

2021 est. GDP

PPP-adjusted GDP

(billion US$)

131 Aachen-Liège-Maastricht European Union Germany Belgium Netherlands Western Europe 99.728
300+ Abbotsford, British Columbia  Canada North America 5.313 (2016)[8]
300+ Aberdeen United Kingdom Scotland Northern Europe 16.986 (2013)[9]
300+ Abidjan  Ivory Coast Africa 27 (2017)[10]
110 Abu Dhabi  United Arab Emirates Western Asia 119[11] 178.256
189 Adelaide  Australia Oceania 64.461 (2018–19)[12] 47.433
208 Ahmedabad  India South Asia 59.00 (2017)
295 Akron  United States North America 36.800 (2018)[13] 32.849
206 Albany  United States North America 59.657 (2018)[13] 58.397
264 Albuquerque  United States North America 42.896 (2018)[13] 39.913
300+ Alexandria  Egypt Africa 32.4
252 Allentown  United States North America 45.024 (2018)[13] 37.297
300 Almaty  Kazakhstan Central Asia 36 (2010)[14] 53.099
50 Amsterdam-Rotterdam European Union Netherlands Western Europe 223.0 (2015)[15] 320.6
300+ Anápolis  Brazil South America 6.740 (2011)[16]
125 Ankara  Turkey Western Asia 104.863
184 Anshan  China East Asia 67.432
300+ Arnhem-Nijmegen European Union Netherlands Western Europe 27.9 (2016)[15] 44.412
141 Athens European Union Greece Southern Europe 93.7 (2015)[15] 129.623
19 Atlanta  United States North America 422.189 (2019)[13] 294.42 432.009 432.009
164 Auckland  New Zealand Oceania 79.662 (2020)[17] 49.52
123 Austin  United States North America 106.784 (2018)[13] 107.364
239 Bakersfield  United States North America 49.514 (2018)[13] 47.866
300+ Ballarat  Australia Oceania 4.460 (2018–19)[12]
51 Baltimore  United States North America 215.487 (2019)[13] 173.747
300+ Bandung ASEAN Indonesia South-East Asia 20.4 (2019)[18]
300+ Batam ASEAN Indonesia South-East Asia 35.3
91 Bangkok ASEAN Thailand South-East Asia 147.97 306.765 252.128 559.911
272 Baotou  China East Asia 40.8 (2017)[19] 94.124
68 Barcelona European Union Spain Southern Europe 173.315 (2017)[15] 171.032
300+ Barrie  Canada North America 5.698 (2016)[20]
218 Basel-Mulhouse  Switzerland France Western Europe 56.166
217 Baton Rouge  United States North America 56.315 (2018)[13] 53.535
13 Beijing  China East Asia 553.9 (2020)[21] 506.137 591.374 950.671
300+ Belfast  United Kingdom Northern Europe 25.5 (2015)[15]
300+ Belgrade  Serbia Southern Europe 17.4 (2014)[22]
300+ Belleville, Ontario  Canada North America 3.542 (2016)[23]
221 Belo Horizonte  Brazil South America 54.996 (2011)[16] 84.686
300+ Bendigo  Australia Oceania 3.961 (2018–19)[12]
119 Bengaluru  India South Asia 110 (2021)[24] 45.313
69 Berlin European Union Germany Western Europe 171.99 (2018)[25] 157.706 243.160
300+ Bhopal  India South Asia 32.5 (2021)[26]
234 Bielefeld-Detmold European Union Germany Western Europe 50.483
293 Bilbao European Union Spain Southern Europe 36.9 (2015)[15] 38.518
157 Birmingham United Kingdom England Northern Europe 81.8 (2016)[15] 121.067
194 Birmingham, Alabama  United States North America 62.881 (2018)[13] 54.164
83 Bogotá  Colombia South America 159.85
273 Bologna European Union Italy Southern Europe 40.6 (2017)[27] 36.331
219 Bordeaux European Union France Western Europe 55.9 (2015)[15] 40.189
16 Boston  United States North America 484.620 (2019)[13] 360.11 513.211 513.211
300+ Brantford  Canada North America 4.081 (2016)[28]
188 Brasília  Brazil South America 65.338 (2015)(8th) 141.916
250 Braunschweig-Wolfsburg European Union Germany Western Europe 45.543
300+ Bremen European Union Germany Western Europe 30.4 (2015)[29] 47.874
146 Bridgeport  United States North America 89.387 (2018)[13] 69.963
65 Brisbane  Australia Oceania 177 (2018–19)[12] 96.621
300+ Bristol United Kingdom England Northern Europe 26.9 (2017)[15] 47.659
133 Brussels European Union Belgium Western Europe 99 (2019)[30] 254.327
192 Bucharest European Union Romania Southern Europe 63.43 (2021)[31] 72.426
212 Budapest European Union Hungary Central Europe 58.5 (2016)[15] 97.957
32 Buenos Aires  Argentina South America 315.885 381.762
225 Buffalo  United States North America 53 (2019)[32] 72.657
162 Bursa  Turkey Western Asia 80.063
45 Busan-Ulsan  South Korea East Asia 241 (2018)[33] 296.51 252.145
300+ Cairns  Australia Oceania 10.709 (2018–19)[12]
129 Cairo  Egypt Africa 102.165
166 Calgary  Canada North America 77.847 (2016)[34] 97.882
274 Campinas  Brazil South America 40.525 (2011)[16] 59.251
300+ Campo Grande  Brazil South America 9.59 (2013)[35]
300+ Campos dos Goytacazes  Brazil South America 5.358 (2016)[36]
300+ Canberra  Australia Oceania 30.909 (2018–19)[12]
210 Cape Town  South Africa Africa 58.863
180 Caracas  Venezuela South America 70 (2012)[37] 51.804
300+ Cardiff-Newport United Kingdom Wales Northern Europe 33.7 (2016)[15] 36.009
289 Casablanca  Morocco Africa 37.888
300+ Chandigarh  India South Asia 17.30 (2017)[26]
138 Changchun  China East Asia 96.7 (2017)[19] 124.455
62 Changsha  China East Asia 189 (2020)[38] 186.412
135 Changzhou  China East Asia 98.1 (2017)[19] 110.874
72 Charlotte  United States North America 169.862 (2018)[13] 126.156
41 Chengdu  China East Asia 273.8 (2020)[39] 233.525 260.409 486.382
165 Chennai  India South Asia 78.6 (2017)[26] 58.625
266 Coimbatore  India South Asia 42 (2021)
7 Chicago  United States North America 709.16 (2019)[13] 563.188 714.697 714.697
185 Chittagong  Bangladesh South Asia 67 (2020)
26 Chongqing  China East Asia 362 (2020)[40] 315.581 407.562 657.985
96 Cincinnati  United States North America 141.052 (2018)[13] 110.897
101 Cleveland  United States North America 135 (2019)[41] 115.142
263 Columbia  United States North America 43.118 (2018)[13] 37.174
103 Columbus  United States North America 134 (2019)[42] 108.904
102 Copenhagen European Union Denmark Northern Europe 134.4 (2017)[43] 127.001[Note 1]
300+ Cork European Union Ireland Northern Europe 24.0 (2015)
300+ Coventry United Kingdom England Northern Europe 7.4 (2008)[44]
214 Curitiba  Brazil South America 58.082 (2011)[16] 57.654
216 Daegu  South Korea East Asia 56.9 (2018)[13] 54.456
281 Daejeon  South Korea East Asia 39.6 (2018)[13] 39.614
120 Dalian  China East Asia 109.1 (2017)[19] 198.805
14 Dallas–Fort Worth  United States North America 523.861 (2019)[45] 412.674 523.854 523.854
300+ Dar es Salaam  Tanzania Africa 10.4 (2019)[46]
280 Daqing  China East Asia 39.7 (2017)[19] 98.451
261 Dayton  United States North America 43.254 (2018)[13] 37.51
53 Delhi  India South Asia 210 (2021) 293.637 272.603 594.884
49 Denver  United States North America 227.395 (2019)[13] 169.737
235 Des Moines  United States North America 50.339 (2018)[13] 39.464
43 Detroit  United States North America 269.850 (2019)[13] 207.538 267.731 267.731
82 Dhaka  Bangladesh South Asia 160 (2020)[47] 210 (2020)[48] 405.872
116 Dongguan  China East Asia 112.3 (2017)[19] 141.129
198 Dongying  China East Asia 61.89 (2018)[19] 83.667
128 Dubai  United Arab Emirates Western Asia 102.67 (2018)[49] 82.867
111 Dublin European Union Ireland Northern Europe 118.72 (2019)[50] 90.137
242 Durban  South Africa Africa 48.908
222 Durham  United States North America 54.687 (2018)[13] 36.966
220 East Rand  South Africa Africa 55.337
267 Edinburgh United Kingdom Scotland Northern Europe 41.8 (2016)[15] 32.497
186 Edmonton  Canada North America 66.836 (2016)[51] 82.958
143 Eindhoven-Den Bosch European Union Netherlands Western Europe 91.539
300+ El Paso  United States North America 32.570 (2018)[13] 32.659
300+ Faisalabad  Pakistan South Asia 10.2
276 Florence European Union Italy Southern Europe 40.1 (2015)[15] 52.536
300+ Fortaleza  Brazil South America 21.7 (2012)[52] 35.153
94 Foshan  China East Asia 141.4 (2017)[19] 184.543
48 Frankfurt European Union Germany Western Europe 229.985
245 Fresno  United States North America 47.408 (2018)[13] 45.508
63 Fukuoka–Kitakyushu  Japan East Asia 185 (2013)[53] 193.34
112 Fuzhou  China East Asia 118.683 (2018)[54] 117.441
300+ Geelong  Australia Oceania 8.725 (2018–19)[12]
256 Geneva  Switzerland Western Europe 43.98
300+ George Town ASEAN Malaysia South-East Asia 22.25 37.993
300+ Gladstone  Australia Oceania 4.464 (2018–19)[12]
187 Glasgow United Kingdom Scotland Northern Europe 66.4 (2016)[15] 56.747
152 Gothenburg European Union Sweden Northern Europe 84.4 (2016)[15] 40.009
300+ Gold Coast  Australia Oceania 26.669 (2018–19)[12]
200 Grand Rapids  United States North America 61.615 (2018)[13] 51.564
262 Greensboro  United States North America 43.154 (2018)[13] 40.883
247 Greenville  United States North America 46.431 (2018)[13] 35.617
300+ Goiânia  Brazil South America 22.763 (2011)[16]
160 Guadalajara  Mexico North America 80.656
22 Guangzhou  China East Asia 385 (2020)[55] 380.264 405.355 664.854
300+ Guelph  Canada North America 7.315 (2016)[56]
300+ Gujranwala  Pakistan South Asia 21 (2017)[19]
294 Gwangju  South Korea East Asia 36.8 (2018)[13] 36.66
275 Haifa  Israel Western Asia 40.4
300+ Halifax, Nova Scotia  Canada North America 15.862 (2016)[57]
223 Hamamatsu  Japan East Asia 54.3 (2010)[58][59] 52.269
99 Hamburg European Union Germany Western Europe 138.04 (2018)[60] 161.437
55 Hangzhou  China East Asia 204.15 (2018)[61] 219.509 248.721 396.722
227 Hannover European Union Germany Western Europe 51.5 (2015)[29] 59.629
241 Hanoi ASEAN Vietnam South-East Asia 49.19
139 Harbin  China East Asia 94.1 (2017)[19] 127.918
278 Harrisburg  United States North America 39.896 (2018)[13] 35.058
132 Hartford  United States North America 99.465 (2018)[13] 101.15
95 Hefei  China East Asia 141.135 (2019)[19] 120.875
144 Helsinki European Union Finland Northern Europe 90.8 (2015)[15] 77.084
201 Hiroshima  Japan East Asia 61.3 (2010)[62][63] 74.932
300+ Hobart  Australia Oceania 11.388 (2018–19)[12]
156 Ho Chi Minh City ASEAN Vietnam South-East Asia 83.16 71.005
29 Hong Kong China Hong Kong East Asia 341.319 (2020)[64] 416.047 368.633 472.395
182 Honolulu  United States North America 69.252 (2018)[13] 58.635
15 Houston  United States North America 512.222 (2019)[13] 483.184 489.377 489.377
284 Hsinchu  Taiwan East Asia 38.379
238 Huhehaote  China East Asia 49.62 (2015)[65] 70.074
300+ Huntsville  United States North America 27.558 (2018)[13]
171 Hyderabad  India South Asia 75.2 (2021)[26] 40.186
97 Indianapolis  United States North America 140.762 (2018)[13] 113.606
277 Indore  India South Asia 40 (2021)[66] [26]
47 Istanbul  Turkey Western Asia 237 (2019)[67] 348.721 247.312 858.706
163 Izmir  Turkey Western Asia 80.061
155 Jacksonville  United States North America 83.186 (2018)[13] 63.789
57 Jakarta ASEAN Indonesia South-East Asia 200.9[68] 321.315 308.250 841.605
81 Jeddah  Saudi Arabia Western Asia 160.617
243 Jerusalem  Israel Western Asia 48.0 (2015)[69]
105 Jinan  China East Asia 132.933 (2018)[19] 136.811
170 Johannesburg  South Africa Africa 76 (2014)[70] 82.918
300+ Jundiaí  Brazil South America 20.081 (2011)[16]
300+ Kabul  Afghanistan South Asia 6
300+ Kagoshima  Japan East Asia 34.318
106 Kansas City  United States North America 132.703 (2018)[13] 105.945
115 Kaohsiung  Taiwan East Asia 113.647
78 Karachi  Pakistan South Asia 164 (2019)[71]
291 Karlsruhe European Union Germany Western Europe 37.6 (2015)[15] 137.071
287 Katowice European Union Poland Central Europe 37.9 (2015)[15] 122.321
300+ Kaunas European Union Lithuania Northern Europe 10.0 (2016)[72]
300+ Kelowna  Canada North America 7.007 (2016)[73]
296 Kyiv  Ukraine Eastern Europe 36.5 (2019)[74]
300+ Kingston, Ontario  Canada North America 6.699 (2016)[75]
300+ Kingston-upon-Hull United Kingdom England Northern Europe 17.7 (2016)[15]
300+ Kitchener, Ontario  Canada North America 21.175 (2016)[76]
300+ Klaipėda European Union Lithuania Northern Europe 6.0 (2016)[77]
259 Knoxville  United States North America 43.307 (2018)[13] 38.347
90 Kolkata  India South Asia 150.1 (2017)[26] 60.447
300+ Krakow European Union Poland Central Europe 22.0 (2015)[15] 33.116
204 Kuala Lumpur ASEAN Malaysia South-East Asia 59.831 (2019)[54] 171.778
279 Kumamoto  Japan East Asia 39.8 (2010)[78][79] 41.824
176 Kunming  China East Asia 72.0 (2017)[19] 88.631
75 Kuwait City  Kuwait Western Asia 166.452
172 Lagos  Nigeria Africa 74.67 (2010)[80]
213 Lahore  Pakistan South Asia 58.14 (2015)[81][82]
300+ Launceston  Australia Oceania 3.961 (2018–19)[12]
109 Las Vegas  United States North America 122.423 (2018)[13] 93.858
254 Leeds United Kingdom England Northern Europe 44.8 (2016)[15] 74.577[Note 2]
246 Leicester United Kingdom England Northern Europe 46.8 (2016)[15]
300+ Leipzig-Halle European Union Germany Western Europe 33.4 (2015)[15] 39.592
300+ Lethbridge  Canada North America 4.697 (2016)[83]
154 Lille European Union France Western Europe 83.3 (2015)[15] 98.484
66 Lima  Peru South America 176.447
288 Linz European Union Austria Central Europe 37.9 (2015)[15] 44.551
177 Lisbon European Union Portugal Southern Europe 72.0 (2015)[15] 96.282
285 Little Rock  United States North America 38.252 (2018)[13] 40.662
244 Liverpool United Kingdom England Northern Europe 47.8 (2016)[15] 65.766
8 London United Kingdom England Northern Europe 642.0 (2019)[84] 835.658 978.402 1,064.297
300+ London, Ontario  Canada North America 18.48 (2016)[85]
3 Los Angeles  United States North America 1,088 (2019)[86][87][88] 860.452 1,133.627 1,133.627
175 Louisville  United States North America 72.093 (2018)[13] 62.397
282 Lucknow  India South Asia 39.1
181 Luxembourg City-Trier European Union LuxembourgEuropean Union Germany Western Europe 69.453 (2019)[89] 62.464
147 Lyon European Union France Western Europe 88.2 (2016)[15] 97.006
300+ Macau China Macau East Asia 26 (2020)[90] 53.888
300+ Mackay  Australia Oceania 6.540 (2018–19)[12]
228 Madison  United States North America 51.481 (2018)[13] 41.803
37 Madrid European Union Spain Southern Europe 290.56 (2020)[15] 262.335 280.937 376.565
290 Makassar ASEAN Indonesia South-East Asia 37.7
300+ Manaus  Brazil South America 30.375 (2014)[91]
114 Manchester United Kingdom England Northern Europe 113.7 (2016)[15] 92.26
59 Manila ASEAN Philippines South-East Asia 192.6 (2018) 182.842
126 Marseille European Union France Western Europe 104.1 (2015)[15] 60.282
258 Medellín  Colombia South America 43.462
226 Medan ASEAN Indonesia South-East Asia 52.4 (2019)[92]
39 Melbourne  Australia Oceania 279.333 (2018–19)[12] 178.392 318.677
168 Memphis  United States North America 76.749 (2018)[13] 65.021
36 Mexico City  Mexico North America 293.259 (2019)[93] 403.561 250.455 547.457
23 Miami  United States North America 377.531 (2019)[94][95] 262.697 388.725 388.725
35 Milan European Union Italy Southern Europe 304.5 (2017) 312.108 329.529 405.516
127 Milwaukee  United States North America 103.731 (2018)[13] 86.548
40 Minneapolis/St. Paul  United States North America 274.191 (2019)[13] 211.398 272.373 272.373
300+ Minsk  Belarus Eastern Europe 14 (2019)[96]
300+ Moncton  Canada North America 5.313 (2016)[97]
134 Monterrey  Mexico North America 98.669 (2019) 122.896
237 Montevideo  Uruguay South America 49.7 (2020)[98]
85 Montreal  Canada North America 156.74 (2016)[99] 155.905
10 Moscow  Russia Eastern Europe 604 (2019)[100] 553.318 504.808 1,004.849
300+ Multan  Pakistan South Asia 17.425 (2016)
33 Mumbai  India South Asia 310 (2017)[26] 400[101] 277.980 606.625
61 Munich European Union Germany Western Europe 190.0 (2016)[15] 219.943 249.764
25 Nagoya  Japan East Asia 368 (2013)[102] 363.751 379.301 403.861
248 Nagpur  India South Asia 46 (2021)[103] [26]
300+ Nairobi  Kenya Africa 14.8 (2019)[104]
174 Nanchang  China East Asia 74.1 (2017)[19] 95.99
52 Nanjing  China East Asia 214.7 (2020) 202.695 363.228
202 Nanning  China East Asia 61.0 (2017)[19] 70.276
230 Nantes European Union France Western Europe 51.0 (2016)[15] 32.014
108 Nantong  China East Asia 126.405 (2018)[19] 128.3
195 Naples European Union Italy Southern Europe 62.8 (2015)[15] 85.476
107 Nashville  United States North America 132.202 (2018)[13] 94.968
224 New Haven  United States North America 53.613 (2018)[13] 53.344
161 New Orleans  United States North America 80.287 (2018)[13] 74.225
1 New York  United States North America 1,861 (2019)[105] 1,403.463 1,874.398 1,874.398
300+ Newcastle  Australia Oceania 11.554 (2018–19)[12]
299 Newcastle United Kingdom England Northern Europe 36.0 (2016)[15] 44.595
298 Nice European Union France Western Europe 36.0 (2016)[15] 45.984
297 Amiens European Union France Western Europe 36.1 (2015)[15]
260 Niigata  Japan East Asia 43.3 (2010)[106][107] 50.271
60 Ningbo  China East Asia 191.68 (2020)[108] 178.985
231 Nottingham-Derby United Kingdom England Northern Europe 50.972
76 Nürnberg-Fürth European Union Germany Western Europe 164.6 (2014)[109] 74.508
193 Okayama  Japan East Asia 63.1 (2010)[110][111] 56.799
159 Oklahoma City  United States North America 81.016 (2018)[13] 70.01
196 Omaha  United States North America 62.760 (2018)[13] 51.207
300+ Orange  Australia Oceania 3.204 (2018–19)[12]
98 Orlando  United States North America 138.947 (2018)[13] 116.233
6 Osaka–Kobe  Japan East Asia 781 (2015) 671.295[Note 3] 699.474 897.418
300+ Oshawa  Canada North America 9.702 (2016)[112]
178 Oslo  Norway Northern Europe 71.68 (2016)[113] 74.356
209 Ottawa  Canada North America 58.982 (2016)[114] 58.206
207 Oxnard  United States North America 59.631 (2018)[13] 46.26
300+ Palembang ASEAN Indonesia South-East Asia 33.5
5 Paris European Union France Western Europe 849 (2018)[115] 715.08 934.168 1,036.925
300+ Patna  India South Asia 27 (2021)[116] [26]
118 Perth  Australia Oceania 111.056 (2018–19)[12] 134.021
300+ Peterborough, Ontario  Canada North America 3.696 (2016)[117]
17 Philadelphia  United States North America 454.692 (2019)[13] 346.455 455.653 455.653
42 Phoenix  United States North America 272.113 (2019)[13] 207.065 278.841 278.841
89 Pittsburgh  United States North America 152.840 (2018)[13] 138.429
77 Portland  United States North America 164.419 (2018)[13] 158.544
300+ Porto European Union Portugal Southern Europe 31.3 (2015)[15] 42.983
251 Porto Alegre  Brazil South America 45.506 (2011)[16] 62.136
300+ Portsmouth-Southampton United Kingdom England Northern Europe 35.5 (2016)[15] 51.641
190 Prague European Union Czech Republic Central Europe 64 (2018)[118] 89.181
236 Pretoria  South Africa Africa 49.948
148 Providence  United States North America 87.414 (2018)[13] 78.114
300+ Puebla  Mexico North America 31.102 (2019)[119] 38.123
183 Pune  India South Asia 69 (2017)[26]
79 Qingdao  China East Asia 163.5 (2017)[19] 208.691
300+ Quebec City  Canada North America 32.956 (2016)[120] 33.421
153 Raleigh  United States North America 83.665 (2018)[13] 64.352
300+ Recife  Brazil South America 22.81 (2014)[121] 40.483
300+ Regina, Saskatchewan  Canada North America 12.936 (2016)[122]
27 Rhine-Ruhr European Union Germany Western Europe 350.30 (2014)[109] 485.218 636.449 698.982
150 Richmond  United States North America 85.792 (2018)[13] 71.589
300+ Riga European Union Latvia Northern Europe 20.0 (2018)[123]
54 Rio de Janeiro  Brazil South America 209.366 (2011)[16] 176.63
58 Riverside–San Bernardino  United States North America 199.640 (2019)[13] 154.904
80 Riyadh  Saudi Arabia Western Asia 163.476
191 Rochester  United States North America 63.870 (2018)[13] 67.823
300+ Rockhampton  Australia Oceania 5.342 (2018–19)[12]
74 Rome European Union Italy Southern Europe 166.8 (2015)[15] 163.243
268 Saarbrücken European Union Germany Western Europe 41.684
92 Sacramento  United States North America 145.479 (2018)[13] 127.401
173 Salt Lake City  United States North America 74.306 (2018)[13] 73.836
300+ St. Catharines–Niagara Falls  Canada North America 11.704 (2016)[124]
300+ Saint John, New Brunswick  Canada North America 4.928 (2016)[125]
300+ St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador  Canada North America 10.164 (2016)[126]
73 St. Louis  United States North America 169.839 (2018)[13] 140.584
64 Saint Petersburg  Russia Northern Europe 179 (2019)[100] 119.613
300+ Salvador  Brazil South America 17.98 (2016)[127][128] 38.469
104 San Antonio  United States North America 133.633 (2018)[13] 102.771
44 San Diego  United States North America 253.117 (2019)[13] 202.49 283.330 283.330
11 San Francisco  United States North America 591.945 (2019)[129] 331.024 593.629 593.629
30 San Jose  United States North America 334.600 (2019)[13] 160.339 359.111 359.111
265 San Juan  Puerto Rico Caribbean 42.729
70 Santiago  Chile South America 171.436
300+ Santos  Brazil South America 28.609 (2011)[16]
300+ São José dos Campos  Brazil South America 30.148 (2011)[16]
300+ São José dos Pinhais  Brazil South America 14.726 (2011)[16]
20 São Paulo  Brazil South America 408.938 (2013)[16][130] 430.51 261.642 583.821
151 Sapporo  Japan East Asia 84.7 (2010)[131][132] 80.464
300+ Saskatoon  Canada North America 14.63 (2016)[133]
18 Seattle  United States North America 424.750 (2019)[13] 267.473 444.337 444.337
271 Semarang ASEAN Indonesia South-East Asia 41.1
199 Sendai  Japan East Asia 61.7 (2010)[134][135] 75.317
4 Seoul  South Korea East Asia 915 (2019)[136] 845.906 926.790 1,125.042
255 Seville European Union Spain Southern Europe 44.665 (2018)[15] 35.796
9 Shanghai  China East Asia 608 (2011)[137] 594.005 633.935 1,018.815
300+ Shantou  China East Asia 34.8 (2017)[138] 38.73
300+ Sheffield United Kingdom England Northern Europe 17.4 (2016)[15] 39.796
140 Shenyang  China East Asia 93.9 (2019)[139] 189.304
21 Shenzhen  China East Asia 401 (2020) 363.228 455.694 704.486
300+ Sherbrooke  Canada North America 6.16 (2016)[140]
158 Shijiazhuang  China East Asia 81.252 (2018)[138] 130.538
300+ Sunshine Coast  Australia Oceania 13.813 (2018–19)[12]
205 Surat  India South Asia 59.8 (2017)[26]
249 Shizuoka  Japan East Asia 45.8 (2010)[141][142] 58.418
24 Singapore ASEAN Singapore South-East Asia 374.394 (2021)[143] 365.928 374.394 600.063
300+ Sofia European Union Bulgaria Southern Europe 22.4 (2018)[144][145] 43.838
300+ Sorocaba  Brazil South America 21.313 (2011)[16]
300+ Springfield  United States North America 34.706 (2018)[13] 32.817
71 Stockholm European Union Sweden Northern Europe 170 (2018)[146] 142.953
292 Strasbourg European Union France Western Europe 37.282
67 Stuttgart European Union Germany Western Europe 173.5 (2016)[15] 157.787
300+ Greater Sudbury  Canada North America 6.93 (2016)[147]
270 Surabaya ASEAN Indonesia South-East Asia 41.1 (2019)[148]
38 Suzhou  China East Asia 280.92 (2018)[19] 339.028 301.510 526.904
28 Sydney  Australia Oceania 348.895 (2018–19)[12] 223.413 398.037
269 Syracuse  United States North America 41.356 (2018)[13] 40.576
113 Taichung  Taiwan East Asia 114.701
169 Tainan  Taiwan East Asia 76.702
31 Taipei  Taiwan East Asia 327.3 (2014) 327.295 407.838 585.867
233 Taiyuan  China East Asia 50.733 (2017) 62.969
300+ Tallinn European Union Estonia Northern Europe 20 (2018)[149]
84 Tampa  United States North America 159.002 (2018)[13] 130.314
283 Tangerang ASEAN Indonesia South-East Asia 38.6
137 Tangshan  China East Asia 96.716 (2018)[138] 162.32
149 Taoyuan  Taiwan East Asia 86.782
300+ Tbilisi  Georgia Eastern Europe 8.0 (2017)[150]
88 Tel Aviv  Israel Western Asia 153.3[151] 153.297
300+ Thessaloniki European Union Greece Southern Europe 19.8 (2011)[152]
300+ Thunder Bay  Canada North America 4.62 (2016)[153]
56 Tianjin  China East Asia 204 (2020)[21] 371.973 235.664 370.885
2 Tokyo  Japan East Asia 1,790 (2019)[154] 1,616.792 2,055.698 2,205.652
300+ Toowoomba  Australia Oceania 7.118 (2018–19)[12]
34 Toronto  Canada North America 305 (2017)[155] 276.313 452.492 475.232
211 Toulouse European Union France Western Europe 58.7 (2015)[15] 47.384
300+ Trois-Rivières  Canada North America 4.851 (2016)[156]
253 Tucson  United States North America 44.876 (2018)[13] 41.216
215 Tulsa  United States North America 57.232 (2018)[13] 48.595
167 Turin European Union Italy Southern Europe 76.9 (2015)[15] 78.836
300+ Townsville  Australia Oceania 9.075 (2018–19)[12]
300+ Uberlandia  Brazil South America 14.728 (2011)[16]
203 Valencia European Union Spain Southern Europe 60.274 (2016)[15] 52.748
100 Vancouver  Canada North America 137 (2017)[157] 109.805
197 Venice-Padua European Union Italy Southern Europe 62.2 (2015)[15] 57.298
300+ Victoria, British Columbia  Canada North America 15.169 (2016)[158]
117 Vienna European Union Austria Central Europe 112 (2019)[159] 183.712[Note 4]
300+ Vilnius European Union Lithuania Northern Europe 23.0 (2019)[77]
130 Virginia Beach  United States North America 100.976 (2018)[13] 92.109
257 Vishakhapatnam  India South Asia 43.5 (2017)[26]
300+ Vitória  Brazil South America 28.357 (2011)[16] 35.632
300+ Wagga Wagga  Australia Oceania 4.392 (2018–19)[12]
124 Warsaw European Union Poland Central Europe 105 (2019)[160] 141.096
12 Washington, D.C.  United States North America 559.061 (2019)[13] 442.212 578.985 578.985
145 Wenzhou  China East Asia 90.63 (2018)[161] 101.941
300+ Wichita  United States North America 32.832 (2018)[162]
300+ Windsor, Ontario  Canada North America 3.542 (2016)[163]
300+ Winnipeg  Canada North America 32.478
300+ Wollongong  Australia Oceania 5.624 (2018–19)[12]
232 Worcester  United States North America 50.934 (2018)[13] 44.733
46 Wuhan  China East Asia 240 (2020)(8th) 231.551 409.508
240 Wulumuqi  China East Asia 49.4 (2019)[164] 59.575
86 Wuxi  China East Asia 155.7 (2017)[19] 211.458
142 Xiamen  China East Asia 92.554 (2020)[19] 76.061
87 Xian  China East Asia 154.2 (2020)[19] 124.186
136 Xuzhou  China East Asia 97.8 (2017)[19] 113.173
122 Yantai  China East Asia 108.7 (2017)[19] 149.022
300+ Yerevan  Armenia Eastern Europe 5.23 (2018)[165]
93 Zhengzhou  China East Asia 144 (2018)[19] 155.696
229 Zhongshan  China East Asia 51.1 (2017)[19] 68.682
286 Zhuhai  China East Asia 38.0 (2017)[19] 41.338
179 Zibo  China East Asia 70.8 (2017)[19] 100.274
121 Zürich  Switzerland Western Europe 109.065
Notes
  1. ^ This includes Malmö.
  2. ^ This includes Bradford.
  3. ^ This includes Kyoto.
  4. ^ This includes Bratislava.

See also

References

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