Atheris hispida
| Atheris hispida | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Viperidae |
| Genus: | Atheris |
| Species: | A. hispida
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| Binomial name | |
| Atheris hispida Laurent, 1955
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| Synonyms | |
Atheris hispida is a venomous viper species endemic to Central Africa. It is known for its extremely keeled dorsal scales that give it a bristly appearance.[2] No subspecies are currently recognized.[3] Common names include rough-scaled bush viper, spiny bush viper,[4][2] hairy bush viper,[2][5] and more.
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Common Names
Rough-scaled bush viper, spiny bush viper [4][2] hairy bush viper,[2][5] rough-scaled tree viper,[5] African hairy bush viper,[6] hairy viper.[7]
Geographic range
Central and East Africa: northern and eastern DR Congo, southwestern Uganda, west Kenya, and northwestern Tanzania. The type locality given is "Lutunguru, Kivu" (DR Congo).[6]
More specifically, Spawls & Branch (1995) describe the distribution as isolated populations in Kivu and Orientale Provinces in DR Congo, southeastern Ruwenzori in Uganda and the Kakamega Forest in western Kenya.[4]
Behavior
Capable of climbing reeds and stalks, this species is often found basking on top of flowers and terminal leaves. Mostly nocturnal.[7]
Feeding
Feeds on mammals, frogs, lizards, and sometimes birds. Sometimes hunts for mammalian prey on the ground.[7]
Reproduction
Females give birth to up to 12 young at a time. Newborns are about 15 cm (5.9 in) in total length. [7]
Venom
Not much is known about their venom except that it is mainly neurotoxic. Besides the neurotoxins, they also carry cytotoxins and fasciculins. Toxicity of individual specimens within the same species and subspecies can vary greatly based on several factors, including geographical region. Even the weather and altitude can influence toxicity (Ernst and Zug et al. 1996). A bite can be fatal to humans without access to proper first aid and subsequent antivenom treatment. Until recently, their venom has often been regarded as less toxic than that of many other species, perhaps because bites are uncommon, but this turned out not to be the case. There are now a number of reports of bites that have led to severe hemorrhaging of internal organs.
References
- ^ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893-77700-6 (series). ISBN 1-893-77701-4 (volume).
- ^ a b c d e Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. ISBN 0-894-64877-2.
- ^ "Atheris hispida". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 10 July 2007.
- ^ a b c Spawls S, Branch B (1995). The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Dubai: Oriental Press (Ralph Curtis Books). p. 192. ISBN 0-883-59029-8.
- ^ a b c Atheris hispida at The World Of Atheris. Accessed 8 September 2007.
- ^ a b Atheris hispida at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 12 January 2020.
- ^ a b c d Mehrtens JM (1987). Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York: Sterling Publishers. p. 480. ISBN 0-8069-6460-X.
Further reading
- Laurent RF. 1955. Diagnoses preliminaires des quelques Serpents venimeux. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. (Revue de zoologie et de botanique africaines) 51: 127–139. (Atheris hispida, p. 138.)