Jester Hairston

Jester Hairston
Jester Hairston as Henry Van Porter on The Amos 'n' Andy Show, 1951.
Born	Jester Joseph Hairston (1901-07-09)July 9, 1901 Belews Creek, North Carolina
Died	January 18, 2000(2000-01-18) (aged 98) Los Angeles, California
Other names	Jasper J. Hairston Jester J. Hairston
Occupation(s)	Composer, songwriter, arranger, choral conductor, actor
Years active	1936–1999
Spouse	Isabelle Margaret Swanigan (1939–1986; her death)

Jester Joseph Hairston (July 9, 1901 – January 18, 2000) was an American composer, songwriter, arranger, choral conductor, and actor. He was regarded as a leading expert on Negro Black spirituals and choral music. His notable compositions include "Amen," a gospel-tinged theme from the film Lilies of the Field and a 1963 hit for The Impressions, and the Christmas song "Mary's Boy Child".

Early life

Hairston was born in Belews Creek, a rural community on the border of Stokes, Forsyth, Rockingham and Guilford counties in North Carolina. His grandparents had been slaves. At an early age he and his family moved to Homestead, Pennsylvania, just outside Pittsburgh, where he graduated from high school in 1921. Hairston was still a small child when his father died in a job-related accident; he was raised by his grandmother while his mother went to work. While growing up, Hairston heard his grandmother and her friends talking and singing about life on the plantations of the southern US. He listened with immense interest and made a promise to himself that he would preserve this history through music.

Hairston initially majored in landscape architecture at Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1920s. While studying landscape architecture, Hairston became involved in various church choirs and choral groups. The accompanist of one, Anna Laura Kidder, saw his potential in music and became his benefactor. Mrs. Kidder offered him financial assistance to study music at Tufts University, from which he graduated in 1929. He was one of the first black students admitted to Tufts. Later he studied music at the Juilliard School.

Hairston pledged Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity, Chi chapter in 1925. He worked as a choir conductor in the early stages of his career. His work with choirs on Broadway eventually led to his singing and acting in plays, films, radio programs, and television shows.

Career

He sang with the Hall Johnson Choir in Harlem for a time but was nearly fired from the all black choir because he had difficulty with the rural dialects that were used in some of the songs. He had to shed his Boston accent and relearn the country speech of his parents and grandparents. Johnson had told him, "We're singing ain't and cain't and you're singing shahn't and cahn't and they don't mix in a spiritual." The Hall Johnson Choir performed in many Broadway shows including The Green Pastures. In 1936, they were asked to go to Hollywood to sing for the film The Green Pastures. At that time, a Russian composer, Dimitri Tiomkin, heard Jester and invited him to collaborate with him. This led to a thirty-year collaboration during which time Jester arranged and collected music for the movies. In 1939, Hairston married Margaret Swanigan. He also wrote and arranged spirituals for Hollywood films as well as for high school and college choirs around the country.

Hairston wrote the song "Mary's Boy Child" in 1956. He also arranged the song "Amen", which he dubbed for the Sidney Poitier film Lilies of the Field, and arranged traditional Negro spirituals Most of Hairston's film work was in the field of composing, arranging, and choral conducting. Hairston also acted in over 20 films, mostly in small roles, some of which were uncredited. Among the films he appeared in were bit parts in some of the early Tarzan movies, St. Louis Blues, To Kill a Mockingbird, In the Heat of the Night, Lady Sings the Blues, I'm Gonna Git You Sucka and Being John Malkovich. Hairston starred in John Wayne's The Alamo (1960).

In 1961, the US State Department appointed Jester Hairston as Goodwill Ambassador. He traveled all over the world teaching and performing the folk music of the slaves. In the 1960s he held choral festivals with public high school choirs, introducing them to Negro Spiritual music, and sometimes leading several hundred students in community performances. His banter about the history of the songs along with his engaging personality and sense of humor endeared him to many students.

No matter where Hairston performed in the US, he checked the phone book for other Hairstons and was responsible for reuniting people on his family tree, both black and white. He composed more than 300 spirituals. All of his research and work has been documented for history. He was the recipient of many honorary doctorates, including a doctorate from The University of Massachusetts in 1972, and another in music from Tufts in 1977.

Hairston appeared on TV's The Amos 'n' Andy Show. He had the role of Leroy on the radio program and as Henry Van Porter on the television program. He also played the role of Wildcat on the show That's My Mama. In his senior years he appeared on the show Amen as Rolly Forbes. His last television appearance was in 1993 on an episode of Family Matters. Hairston also played the role of "King Moses" on radio for the Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall show Bold Venture.

In his later years, Hairston served as a cultural ambassador for American music, traveling to numerous countries with choral groups that he had assembled. In 1985 he took the Jester Hairston Chorale, a multi-racial group, to sing in the People's Republic of China, at a time when foreign visitors were still quite rare in that country.

Death

Hairston died in Los Angeles of natural causes in 2000 at age 98. For his contribution to the television industry, Hairston has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 6201 Hollywood Blvd. He is interred at Inglewood Park Cemetery, Inglewood, California.

Filmography

Film
Year	Title	Role	Notes
1936	The Green Pastures	Member of Hall Johnson Choir	Uncredited
1941	Sundown	Native Boy	Uncredited
1941	Sullivan's Travels	Charlie - Church Projectionist	Uncredited
1942	The Vanishing Virginian	Mover	Uncredited
1942	In This Our Life	Black Man in Jail	Uncredited
1942	Tales of Manhattan	Shantytown Man	(Robeson sequence), Uncredited
1942	Across the Pacific	Passerby	Uncredited
1951	Yes Sir, Mr. Bones	Jester Hairston
1952	We're Not Married!	Leader of Christmas Carolers	Uncredited
1953	So This Is Love	Preacher	Uncredited
1954	Gypsy Colt	Carl
1954	Tanganyika	Singer	Uncredited
1955	Tarzan's Hidden Jungle	Witch Doctor	Uncredited
1955	Pete Kelly's Blues	Mourner, Pre-Credit Sequence	Uncredited
1956	Tension at Table Rock	Black Janitor	Uncredited
1956	Full of Life	Train Porter	Uncredited
1957	Band of Angels	Plantation Slave	Uncredited
1958	St. Louis Blues	Choir Member	Uncredited
1960	Raymie	Ransom
1960	The Alamo	Jethro
1961	Summer and Smoke	Thomas	Uncredited
1962	To Kill a Mockingbird	Spence Robinson, Tom's father	Uncredited
1967	In the Heat of the Night	Butler
1968	Finian's Rainbow	Passion Pilgrim Gospeleer	Uncredited
1972	Lady Sings the Blues	The Butler
1976	The Bingo Long Traveling All-Stars & Motor Kings	Furry Taylor, Has-been player selling souvenirs
1976	The Last Tycoon	Waiter in Stahr's Office	Uncredited
1988	I'm Gonna Git You Sucka	Pop Adam
1999	Being John Malkovich	Adam Hairston	Uncredited, (final film role)
Television
Year	Title	Role	Notes
1951-53	The Amos 'n' Andy Show	Various	10 episodes
1955	You Are There	Thornton	1 episode
1956	Gunsmoke	Wellington	1 episode
	The 20th Century Fox Hour	Jacob	1 episode
1959	Rawhide	Zachariah	1 episode
1961	Thriller	Papa Benjamin	1 episode
1962	Have Gun--Will Travel	Old Man	1 episode
1969	The Outcasts	Daniel	1 episode
	The Virginian	John Douglas	1 episode
1974–1975	That's My Mama	Wildcat	22 episodes
1975	Harry O	Jefferson Johnson	1 episode
1986–1991	Amen	Rolly Forbes	110 episodes
1993	Family Matters	William	1 episode

Sources cited

• Fearn-Burns, Kathleen, ed. (2005). Historical Dictionary of African-American Television (Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts). The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-5335-3.
• Fullen, M.K. (1992). Pathblazers: Eight People who Made a Difference. Open Hand Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9408-8036-8.
• Wiencek, Henry (2000). The Hairstons: An American Family in Black and White. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-3122-5393-6.

External links

• Jester Hairston at IMDb
• Jester Hairston at the Internet Broadway Database
• African American Registry biography
• Sanborn, Pete, Jester Hairston, ChoralNet.org, archived from the original on 2002-06-16, retrieved 2019-09-23
• Jester Hairston at Find a Grave