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Adolph Sutro in his library

The Sutro Library is a branch of the California State Library located in San Francisco on the campus of San Francisco State University. The foundation of the library's collection was assembled by former San Francisco mayor, engineer, entrepreneur, and philanthropist Adolph Sutro. The library was deeded to the State of California by Sutro's heirs with the stipulation that it never leave the city limits of San Francisco, filling his desire to provide the city with a public research library. It was formally given to California State Library in 1913, and opened to the public in 1917.[1] Notably, half of the Sutro collection survived the "Great Fire" after the San Francisco earthquake of 1906.[2][3] Collection highlights include 125,000 rare books, antiquarian maps, and archival collections, as well as a genealogical library.

Background

Adolph Sutro (1830-1898) came to San Francisco in 1850 at the height of the Gold Rush. He made his money as a mining engineer in Virginia City, Nevada - where the Comstock Lode was discovered and where he built an eponymous tunnel.[4] He came back to San Francisco in 1879 and began purchasing land - eventually owning around 1/8th of the real property in the city.[5] [6]

Sutro wanted to provide San Francisco with a public research collection. To this end, Sutro began collecting items for his library in late 1870s and by the time of his death in 1898 had amassed a collection of 300,000 to 500,000 rare books including 4,000 incunabula (the first printed books), which according to contemporary news accounts was the seventh largest in the world.[7] The works in the collection cover science and engineering, religion, natural history, philosophy, British history, Mexican history, and theater. When Sutro realized the magnitude of the task of building a research collection, he hired German and British experts to go to auctions and other book sales to make acquisitions.[8]

History of the Library

The Sutro Library didn't have a permanent location until 2012 when it moved to the fifth and sixth floors of the J. Paul Leonard Library – Sutro Library, located on the campus of San Francisco State University.[9] The library existed in many different locations throughout San Francisco. In 1895 Sutro who held negotiations with the University of California Regents to propose the library site be on the campus of “Affiliated Colleges” of the University of California in San Francisco.[10] However, the same year Sutro became mayor of San Francisco, diverting his attention to politics. That, coupled with his declining health, prevented him from erecting a building to house the library.

When Sutro passed away in 1898, the collection remained in limbo, housed in two warehouses in downtown San Francisco – one in the Montgomery Block and the other at Pine and Battery Street.[11][12] It took a little over a decade for Sutro’s family to settle the estate,- and it was during this period when the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake destroyed approximately two thirds of the original collection. In 1913, the family and the State of California came to a final agreement which “was to the effect that the library be given to the State, providing the State took it over at once. It was also provided that a large oil painting of Adolph Sutro – a painting now at Sutro Heights –be kept and exhibited with the books, and that the whole be thrown open to the public not later than January 1, 1917.” The Sutro Library was officially deeded to the State of California in 1913 by Sutro’s heirs with the stipulation that it never leave the city limits of San Francisco.

Since its donation in 1913, and because Sutro Library is required to remain within the city limits of San Francisco, it has been housed in several locations. After it was accepted by the State of California, the California State legislature passed a bill which appropriated $70,000 for its maintenance. In October 1913, California State Librarian J.L. Gillis leased the third floor of Stanford’s Lane Medical Department, located in San Francisco at the time, to house the Sutro Library.[13] It opened to the public in 1917.[14] [15] During the first year, the collection increased by 12,000 volumes, mainly through gifts.[15] In 1917 the California Genealogical Society’s collection merged with Sutro’s.[16]

Gillis had initially hoped the legislature would agree to fund a building for Sutro Library in San Francisco’s Civic Center.[17] However, that funding never materialized. In 1922 Sutro Library was moved to San Francisco Public Library at Civic Center. Although this move was an effort to make it available to the public, because of its storage in the basement, it had the reverse effect. In 1933 the Great Depression threatened the existence of Sutro. Among other cuts proposed by the State Legislature was to “eliminate Sutro library, San Francisco, transfer books to Sacramento or return to donor.[18] This didn't happen, and instead public pressure forced the State to allow the library to remain at San Francisco Public Library. In the late 1930s the Work Projects Administration's Sutro Library project cataloged, created annotated bibliographies, and other publications regarding Sutro's collection.[19]

In 1959 the Department of Finance deleted the maintenance fund from the State Library budget prompting a search for another location to house the Sutro Library.[20] There was a public debate as to where the new home for the library would be. The University of San Francisco (USF) was proposed as a location, but was met with backlash.[21] Sutro’s granddaughters, Alberta Morbio Pruett and Marguerite Morbio de Mailly felt that “the original donors expected the Sutro Library to be housed in a nonsectarian environment.” And as USF is a private institution, the San Francisco Public Library Commission opposed the move. It was eventually settled in 1959, and a 20-year lease was signed to allow residence of the Sutro Library at the University of San Francisco, and in early 1960 the Sutro Library was transferred to USF’s Gleeson Library.[22]

In 1981, the lease at Gleeson Library expired without an option to renew.[23] The proposal was made and later decided to transport the temporary chambers of the California State Senate to a largely free site at San Francisco State University.[24] In 1983 it was relocated behind San Francisco State University on Winston Drive. In 2002, a bond measure was approved by the governor and state legislature to fund a joint-use facility, and in 2012 the Sutro Library moved to its permanent home in the J. Paul Leonard Library – Sutro Library.[25][26][27]

Sutro Library Collections

Sutro Library bookplate
Sutro Library bookplate, with the motto, Labor omnia vincit (work conquers all). Illustration features the Cliff House, Sutro Heights and the Sutro Tunnel in Dayton, NV.

The Sutro Library is home to resources that cover a broad range of subjects. There is a collection of thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Yemenite Hebraica, as well as fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Italian notarial manuscripts. It houses over 5,000 Renaissance imprints, military science, astronomy, and philosophy; it also has resources from the Middle Ages, the Age of Discovery, the Enlightenment, and the Industrial Revolution. There is heavy representation of British history, including the first British newspapers, resources on the English Civil War, the Commonwealth, and the Restoration. In addition, the library holds religious tracts and church documents, botany and natural history, medical science, science and technology, and has one of the most comprehensive collections on the Mexican Republic in the world. [28] Although not part of the original Adolph Sutro collection, there is large genealogy collection which consists of regional and county histories, directories, gazetteers, biographies, ship passenger lists, periodicals. cemetery records, U.S. census records, and over 8,000 family histories.

Shakespeare

Sutro houses two copies of the First Folio, one bound, and the other in parts. [29] It also has the Second, Third, and Fourth imprints of Shakespeare’s comedies, histories, and tragedies. Additionally, the library contains a collection of Shakespeariana in addition to materials on theater history, and Restoration drama.

Mexican Pamphlets

The Mexican pamphlets date from 1623 through the 1800s. There are approximately 30,000 pamphlets in the collection, primarily on the political history of Mexico during the outbreak of the revolution against Spain (1810, 1811), the promulgation of the Constitution of Cadiz (1812), its reaffirmation (1820), and the establishment of the Mexican Republic (1821-1823). These pamphlets are primary sources to Mexico’s history in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Works include pamphlets by Fernández de Lizardi, Rafael Dávila, and Pablo de Villavicencio (pen name: El Payo del Rosario).[30] Many of the pamphlets in the collection are unique copies.

Hebraica, 1200s-1800s

Adolph Sutro acquired this part of his collection in 1884 from the estate of Moses W. Shapira, a Jerusalem bookseller and antiquities dealer. This collection is primarily Yemenite in origin and documents the intellectual and religious life of Jewish Yemenites.[2] There are approximately 167 items including scrolls, books, and scroll fragments with subjects ranging from Bible commentaries to hermeneutics, lexicons, prayerbooks, philosophy, Cabalistic works, poetry, and medicine. Many of the items are undated and in fragile condition.[31]

English Pamphlets

The collection of English pamphlets at the Sutro Library consists of over 12,000 tracts relating to British politics, religion, and culture from the 1500s through the 1800s. Many pertain to the Poor Laws and the Corn Laws, as well as the English Civil War, the Commonwealth, and the Restoration. In addition to this there are pamphlets relating to the American Revolution.[32]

German Pamphlets

There are approximately 150 sixteenth century German Reformation pamphlets, many by Martin Luther, as well as Melanchthon (an intellectual leader and Luther collaborator).

WPA Sutro Library Project

The Works Progress Administration (WPA) funded library projects throughout the United States and employed around 14,000 people during the Great Depression. The WPA provided cataloging and repair, but they also built 200 new libraries, 3,400 new reading rooms, as well as 5,800 traveling libraries to serve remote communities. From 1938 to 1941, Dr. Paul Radin led the WPA’s Sutro Library Project (WPA project number 665-08-3-236), during which time thousands of items were cataloged, including the English Pamphlet collection and the Mexicana Pamphlets.

Sutro Librarians

Librarians by date range
Date Range Librarian(s)
1888 to 1898 George Moss, Dr. Solomon Roubin (Hebrew scholar),[33] Fredric Beecher Perkins
1898 to 1911 Ellen Armstrong Weaver – Custodian,Will Irwin – Research Scholar/Library Assistant
1917 to 1923 Laura Steffens Suggett
1924 to 1946 William E. Parker
1924 to 1952 Helen M. Bruner
1950 to 1979 Richard H. Dillon
1958 to 1966 Dorothy E. Jones
1964 to 1987 Eleanor Capelle
1966 to 1981 Dorothy Geraldine (Gerry) Davis
1979 to 1980 Gary Kurutz
1981 to 2001 Frank Glover
1985 to 1986 Thomas Fante
1987 to 2003 Clyde Janes
1998 to 2011 Martha Whittaker
2006 to 2015 Haleh Motiey
2016 - Mattie Taormina

References

  1. ^ "San Francisco Call 28 December 1917 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  2. ^ a b "Sutro Library, California State Library", The Shakespeare First Folios: A Descriptive Catalogue, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, doi:10.1057/9780230360341.0063, ISBN 978-0-230-36034-1, retrieved 2020-09-22
  3. ^ Dillon, Richard H. (1970). The anatomy of a library. [Sacramento?. hdl:2027/uc1.31210025350297.
  4. ^ Witters, George R. (November 1999). "History of the Comstock Lode Virginia City, Storey County, Nevada". Rocks & Minerals. 74 (6): 380–390. doi:10.1080/00357529909605175. ISSN 0035-7529.
  5. ^ "Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union Volume 95, Number 2, 14 January 2014". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union. 95 (2): 13–24. 2014-01-14. Bibcode:2014EOSTr..95...13.. doi:10.1002/2014eo02. ISSN 0096-3941.
  6. ^ "San Francisco Call 20 February 1898 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
  7. ^ "Interview in the SAN FRANCISCO CALL", Emma Goldman, Vol. 1, University of Illinois Press, pp. 331–333, 2008, doi:10.5406/j.ctt1cx3vpc.68, ISBN 978-0-252-09941-0, retrieved 2020-09-24
  8. ^ Dillon, Richard H. (May 1965). "Sutro Library's Resources in Latin Americana". The Hispanic American Historical Review. 45 (2): 267–274. doi:10.2307/2510569. JSTOR 2510569.
  9. ^ Kazakoff, Lois (January 19, 2015). "The people's library". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved March 8, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ^ "University and Educational Intelligence". Nature. 52 (1348): 430. August 1895. Bibcode:1895Natur..52..430.. doi:10.1038/052430a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4016200.
  11. ^ "Iconic SF building was home to Bohemians for decades. Then it was destroyed". SFChronicle.com. 2018-10-26. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
  12. ^ Smith, Dennis, 1940- (2005). San Francisco is burning : the untold story of the 1906 Earthquake and fires. New York: Viking. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-670-03442-0. OCLC 60321322.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ "San Francisco Call 6 October 1913 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  14. ^ "San Francisco Call 5 February 1917 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  15. ^ a b "The Library World". Library Journal: 138. February 1918.
  16. ^ "San Francisco Call 5 February 1917 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  17. ^ "SUTRO LIBRARY TO MOVE TODAY: GREAT COLLECTION IS TO BECOME AVAILABLE IN THE NEW LANE MEDICAL BUILDING". San Francisco Chronicle. October 5, 1913.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  18. ^ "Senate offers plan to reduce State costs". Blue Lake Advocate. January 28, 1933.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  19. ^ Radin, Paul (March 1940). "Opportunties for historical research in the Sutro Library". Library News: 14–15.
  20. ^ "Sutro Library endangered!". The Daily Banning Record. February 18, 1959.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  21. ^ "12 Nov 1959, 20 - Oakland Tribune at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  22. ^ "San Bernardino Sun 4 November 1959 — California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  23. ^ Biggens, Christine (May 1982). "Area to get new library collection: 8000 volume Sutro library moving here in Fall". Portalwood Press.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  24. ^ Golis, Pete (December 10, 1981). "Hospital seeks building". The Press Democrat.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  25. ^ "KINDERGARTEN-UNIVERSITY PUBLIC EDUCATION FACILITIES BOND ACT OF 2002". Propositions. 2002-01-01.
  26. ^ "Bill Text - AB-16 Education facilities: Kindergarten-University Public Education Facilities Bond Acts of 2002 and 2004". leginfo.legislature.ca.gov. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
  27. ^ "Renovated Library Mixes the Modern with the Past". School Construction News. 2012-09-12. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
  28. ^ "INTRODUCTION". microformguides.gale.com. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  29. ^ "Comedies, histories, & tragedies : Published according to the true originall copies". California State Library online catalog. Retrieved 2020-10-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  30. ^ R.N.S (1974-11-01). "Independent Mexico: A Collection of Mexican Pamphlets in the Bodleian Library". Hispanic American Historical Review. 54 (4): 742. doi:10.1215/00182168-54.4.742. ISSN 0018-2168.
  31. ^ Hill, Brad Sabin (2016). "A Century of Hebraica at the Library of Congress". Jewish Quarterly Review. 106 (1): 101–129. doi:10.1353/jqr.2016.0005. ISSN 1553-0604. S2CID 163990307.
  32. ^ "ESTC - Search Results". estc.bl.uk. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
  33. ^ Brinner, William M.; ו"מ, ברינר (1969). ""משיח" בן המאה הי"ט מאזרביז'אן / A Nineteenth-Century 'Messiah' from Azerbaijan". Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies / דברי הקונגרס העולמי למדעי היהדות. ה: 6–12. ISSN 0333-9068. JSTOR 23515504.
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