Proving ground
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A proving ground (US) is an installation or reservation in which technology such as weapons, military tactics and automobile prototypes are experimented with or tested. Proving grounds can be operated by government bodies or civilian industries. It is distinct from a military training area which is run by the military and intended for the routine training and exercising of troops across the terrain.
Military and government
Republic of Korea
- Anheung Proving Ground, Taean County (36.680° 126.200°)[1][2]
Russia/former Soviet Union
In Russia, a designated area is usually called a "polygon" (Полигон).
- Kapustin Yar, aerial weapons and rocket test range used by the North Caucasus Military District
- Totskoye range, test range in the Urals where nuclear tests were carried out in 1954
- YakutiaChallenge, winter test proving ground in Yakutia, Eastern Siberia[citation needed]
North America
United States
In the United States, there are several military facilities that have been explicitly designated as proving grounds.
- Aberdeen Proving Ground, a United States Army facility in Aberdeen, Maryland. It is the Army's oldest active proving ground, established on October 20, 1917, six months after the United States entered World War I. It was created so that design and testing of ordnance materiel could be carried out in proximity to the nation's industrial and shipping centers at the time.
- Dugway Proving Ground, an active facility operated by the United States Army Test and Evaluation Command in the Great Salt Lake Desert of Utah. Dugway's mission is to test U.S. and Allied biological and chemical weapon defense systems.
- Fort Belvoir Proving Ground, in Fairfax County, Virginia
- Indian Head Naval Surface Warfare Center, located in Indian Head, Maryland and at one time called the Indian Head Proving Ground
- Jefferson Proving Ground, in Madison, Indiana. It was principally a munitions testing facility of Test and Evaluation Command of the United States Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command. The facility was ordered closed in 1989 as part of the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process.
- Pacific Proving Grounds, an inactive U.S. Department of Energy area in the Marshall Islands that were established by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission in 1946 for nuclear weapons testing. It mainly consists of Bikini Atoll, Enewetak Atoll & the surrounding area, and was deactivated in 1963.
- Sandy Hook Proving Ground, in Sandy Hook, New Jersey, was the nation's first such facility. It was created in 1874 and was used as a proving ground until 1919.
- Scituate Proving Ground, a former proving ground in Scituate, Massachusetts, operational from 1918 to 1921
- Yuma Proving Ground, a United States Army facility situated in southwestern La Paz County and western Yuma County in southwestern Arizona, approximately 30 miles (48 km) northeast of the city of Yuma. The proving ground is used for testing military equipment and encompasses 1,307.8 square miles (3,387.2 km²) in the Sonoran Desert.
Automotive
Automotive proving grounds[3] or automotive test tracks serve the automotive industry for road vehicle testing. In the automotive development process, vehicle manufacturers typically test the behaviour of vehicles in various environments and traffic situations. Conventional vehicle testing usually focuses on the dynamic properties of vehicles. Test tracks generally encompass the engineering tasks of vehicle testing and validation.
With the advent of self-driving cars, new proving grounds specially dedicated for them have appeared, and existing conventional proving grounds have been retooled for the testing of highly automated or fully autonomous vehicles.[citation needed]
Automaker-owned
- Chrysler Proving Grounds
- Ford Proving Grounds
- General Motors Proving Grounds
- ((Hyundai Ulsan proveing ground))
- ((Hyundai Hwaseong proving ground 현대,기아 화성주행시험장 ))
- Mazda Proving Grounds
- Nissan Proving Grounds
- Nardò Ring (Porsche)
- Ehra-Lessien test track (Volkswagen)
Independent
Source: [4]
- Applus+ IDIADA proving ground, Spain
- (( Hwaseong Songsan proving round by www.katri.or.kr , www.ts.go.kr 교통안전공단 자동차안전연구원 주행시험장 ))
- Automotive Testing Papenburg, Germany
- Bruntingthorpe Airfield & Proving Ground, United Kingdom
- Digitrans Automotive Proving Ground, St. Valentin, Austria
- HORIBA MIRA, United Kingdom
- Lang Lang Proving Ground, Australia
- Millbrook Proving Ground, United Kingdom
- Nevada Automotive Testing Center, United States
- Southern Hemisphere Proving Grounds, New Zealand
- TRIWO Automotive Testing Center, near Frankfurt and Saarbrücken, Germany[5]
- UTAC CERAM, France
- ZalaZone Automotive Proving Ground, Hungary
Footnotes
- ^ Lewis, Jeffrey (June 28, 2017). "Anheung Proving Ground". Arms Control Wonk. Archived from the original on June 28, 2017.
- ^ Lewis, Jeffrey (June 24, 2017). "South Korean President Moon watched a missile test. We don't pay enough attention to South Korea's missiles. 1/". Twitter. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
- ^ Szalay, Zs.; Nyerges, Á.; Hamar, H.; Hesz, M. (2017). "Technical Specification Methodology for an Automotive Proving Ground Dedicated to Connected and Automated Vehicles". Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering. 45 (3): 168–174. doi:10.3311/PPtr.10708.
- ^ Szalay, Zs.; Nyerges, Á.; Hamar, H.; Hesz, M. (2017). "Technical Specification Methodology for an Automotive Proving Ground Dedicated to Connected and Automated Vehicles". Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering. 45 (3): 168–174. doi:10.3311/PPtr.10708.
- ^ KFZ-Testcenter, Triwo. "Teststrecken-Kalender | Triwo KFZ-Testcenter". www.triwo-testcenter.de (in German). Retrieved 17 January 2018.
Further reading
- Edwin A. Martini (ed.), Proving Grounds: Militarized Landscapes, Weapons Testing, and the Environmental Impact of US Bases. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2015.