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December 2021 Midwest derecho and tornado outbreak

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December 2021 Midwest derecho and tornado outbreak
Composite of tornado warnings and confirmed tornadoes on December 15–16, 2021
TypeExtratropical cyclone
Winter storm
Derecho
Tornado outbreak
FormedDecember 13, 2021
DissipatedDecember 18, 2021
Highest gust100 mph (160 km/h) near Russell, Kansas (Derecho);[1]
112 mph (180 km/h) at Red Mountain Pass, Colorado (non-thunderstorm)
Lowest pressure967 mbar (28.6 inHg)[2]
Tornadoes
confirmed		100
(Record for a tornado outbreak in December)
Duration of
tornado outbreak2		7 hours, 56 minutes
Maximum snowfall
or ice accretion		60 in (1,500 mm) east of Pinecrest, California[1]
Maximum rainfall8.74 in (222 mm) on Mount Tamalpais[1]
Fatalities5 total
DamageUnknown
Power outages>600,000
Areas affectedWestern United States, Midwestern United States, Canada

2Time from first tornado to last tornado

On December 15, a rapidly-deepening low-pressure area contributed to a historic expanse of inclement weather across the Great Plains and Midwestern United States, resulting in an unprecedented[3] December derecho and tornado outbreak across portions of the Northern United States, a region normally affected by snow and cold weather during this time of year. Non-thunderstorm winds spurred the formation of rapidly-moving fires across Colorado and western Kansas, with attendant dust and debris spreading eastward. From central Kansas northeastward into eastern Wisconsin, the powerful derecho led to hundreds of damaging wind reports. At least 64 hurricane-force wind reports were received by the National Weather Service, signaling the most prolific wind event in the United States dating back to at least 2004.[4] Numerous embedded circulations within this rapidly-progressing derecho produced dozens of tornadoes, including 29 that were rated EF2. The culmination of non-thunderstorm, thunderstorm, and tornadic winds caused widespread damage to structures, trees, power lines, and vehicles across the Plains and Midwest. At least 600,000 people lost power on December 15, and temperatures dropped significantly across the affected region following the event, causing accumulating snow, which hindered cleanup and recovery efforts.[5] The number of tornadoes in this event broke a record for largest outbreak in the month of December that had been set less than a week prior. The event also became one of the largest single-day outbreaks in recorded history, with 100 tornadoes occurring over an eight-hour period.

Meteorological synopsis

Water vapor imagery of the storm system rapidly strengthening on December 15

On December 15, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) noted the potential for a widespread, damaging wind event across the Central United States. An intense, negatively-tilted shortwave trough, with winds up to 145 mph (233 km/h) in the mid-levels of the atmosphere and similarly strong winds up to 90 mph (140 km/h) just above the surface, was forecast to progress from the Four Corners region into the upper Mississippi Valley. An attendant low-pressure area was expected to support a dry line and cold front down into northeastern Missouri.[6]

Ahead of these features, an unseasonable airmass was expected to take shape across multiple states, with temperatures up to 40 °F (22 °C) above average breaking monthly records in Iowa, seeing a record high December temperature of 76 °F (24 °C).[7] Dewpoints surged to the lower 60s Fahrenheit, while convective available potential energy values – a measure of instability – were predicted to reach 500–1,000 J/kg. Given these factors, in conjunction with an eroding capping inversion, forecasters expected a narrow but intense line of severe thunderstorms to develop and overspread the Mid-Missouri and Upper Mississippi valleys. Widespread wind gusts of 60–75 mph (97–121 km/h), with localized gusts up to 100 mph (160 km/h), were messaged. While damaging winds were expected to be the most widespread threat, a few tornadoes were outlined as a possibility, including the potential for one or two strong (EF2+) tornadoes.[8]

The first tornado watch of the day was issued at 19:20 UTC and encompassed areas from northeastern Kansas northeastward into southern Minnesota as a rapidly-moving squall line developed.[9] Much of this area was encompassed in a level 1/5 marginal risk when forecasters first outlined the severe potential on December 13,[10] but it was rapidly upgraded to a level 4/5 moderate risk on the morning of December 15,[11] the first moderate risk ever issued across Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin in December.[7]

Plains wind storm

In addition to damaging winds spurred by severe thunderstorms, damaging non-convective winds were expected to overspread much of the Central United States. Various offices of the National Weather Service placed a cumulative 84 million people under a high wind warning, an unusually large expanse of high wind potential. Indeed, the local weather office in the Twin Cities noted that "today's volatile day of weather has not been seen before in mid-December."[7]

The intensity and breadth of dry winds resulted in very dangerous fire weather conditions across the Central Plains, where the SPC outlined an extremely critical risk area from the Texas Panhandle into central Kansas.[12] By the end of the day, more than 600,000 customers were without power stretching from Colorado to Wisconsin.

Colorado

The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment enacted an Air Quality Alert across the Front Range due to the expected combination of dirt and dust.[13] In anticipation of the inclement weather, numerous school districts were closed or placed on delays. Dozens of state-managed and partner-managed coronavirus community testing, vaccine, and monoclonal antibody sites were closed. The Regional Transportation District in Denver advised that operational disruptions to services were possible. The annual Denver Christkindlmarket, a holiday market celebrating German tradition, and the nearby Monarch Mountain ski resort were closed.[14] Rolling road closures were enacted along Interstate 70 and Interstate 25, the latter of which was the scene of at least six flipped semi-trailers.[15] Closures were enacted across several smaller highways due to safety concerns too. In Pueblo, city bus services were suspended for three hours. In addition to tree damage, cars and fences were blown over, power lines were downed, and roofs were ripped off homes.[16]

Denver International Airport reported 131 canceled flights and 475 delayed flights after it was placed on a ground delay, with an average delay of 129 minutes for travelers. Wind gusts were measured at 107 mph (172 km/h) in Lamar and 112 mph (180 km/h) in higher-elevation Red Mountain Pass[disambiguation needed]. More than 500 separate power outages were reported by Xcel Energy, culminating in more than 60,000 customers without power across the state.[17] These outages impacted Penrose Hospital in Colorado Springs, where procedures and the release of patients were delayed. The Colorado Springs Fire Department responded to a large gas line break at the Chapel Hills Mall and evacuated that structure.[18] Strong winds felled trees, causing damage to several homes in Englewood.[17] One woman was injured when strong winds pushed her over and resulted in a broken hip.[18]

Kansas

See also: 2021 Kansas wildfire outbreak

In preparation for inclement weather, multiple school districts in southwestern Kansas canceled classes.[19] Strong winds stirred up dust across Kansas, causing the state's department of transportation to close numerous highways. Interstate 70 from the Colorado–Kansas state line eastward to Salina was closed because of crashes blocking the roadway.[19] Two separate car crashes led to the deaths of three people across Kansas owing to poor visibility.[20] A "life-threatening grass fire" was reported in Russell County by the Wichita, Kansas National Weather Service.[21][22] In Dodge City, wind gusts up to 84 mph (135 km/h), caused widespread damage to trees, power lines, roofs, and traffic lights in the city; this value far exceeded any previous wind reports measured in the month of December there.[23]

Derecho

Derecho moving across eastern Nebraska and western Iowa

During the afternoon hours of December 15, a narrow but intense line of thunderstorms developed across Nebraska and Kansas. This line of convection intensified as it moved rapidly northeastward,[24] reaching eastern Iowa and western Wisconsin by the end of the day. Given the breadth of damaging winds associated with this thunderstorm activity, with over 400 instances of severe wind across a wide expanse of the Midwest, the severe weather event was officially classified as a derecho. The SPC logged at least 64 hurricane-force, 75 mph (121 km/h) or greater wind reports, making December 15 the most prolific wind event in United States history.[4][25]

First reports of damage filtered in from western and central Kansas. In Russell, gusts measured at 100 mph (160 km/h) blew roofs off homes and uprooted trees.[19] Strong winds of 94 mph (151 km/h) were reported near Junction City, where hangars were damaged at the airport, siding was ripped from buildings, and metal signs were bent. In southern Topeka, the Frito Lay Plant sustained damage. Kansas Governor Laura Kelly issued an inclement weather declaration for Shawnee County, sending executive branch agency personnel home. Semi-trucks were overturned in at least four locations across north-central Kansas. Over 200,000 residents across Kansas were without power at the height of the power outages, resulting in some of the most widespread damage statewide power provider Evergy had seen. Over 1,110 workers began to assess the aftermath of the storm, and requests for assistance were extended to neighboring states.[19]

In neighboring Nebraska, winds up to 85 mph (137 km/h) were measured at Grand Island, where nearby rail cars were blown over. Widespread reports of toppled trees, overturned semi-trucks, downed power lines, and blown out vehicle windows were received by local authorities. Lancaster County was principally hard hit, with structural damage to an apartment complex's roof; Lincoln Airport recorded a gust of 93 mph (150 km/h). In that city alone, more than 6,000 Lincoln Electric System customers were without power in the wake of the storms.[26]

In Iowa, where the department of transportation closed bridges and the United States Army Corps of Engineers restricted access to the Saylorville Lake Dam in preparation for the weather event, similarly destructive winds were observed. Hundreds of reports of power outages filtered in across the state as widespread hurricane-force gusts were recorded,[27] reaching 88 mph (142 km/h) in Audubon.[28] One man was killed after a gust overturned his tractor trailer. In neighboring Minnesota, another man died after a tree landed on him.[20]

Tornado outbreak

The tornado outbreak set a new record for the most tornadoes to hit Iowa in a single day with 43 tornadoes, exceeding the previous record of 35 tornadoes set on August 31, 2014. Additionally, 17 of the tornadoes in Iowa were rated EF2 which beat the previous record 16 EF2/F2 or greater tornadoes set on June 7, 1984. Prior to this event, there had only been five December tornadoes in Iowa, all in southeast Iowa.[3] This outbreak also marked the first time that tornadoes were recorded in Minnesota in the month of December.[29]Additionally, it was the first time since record keeping began in 1986 that our National Weather Service Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, SD had to issue both severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings during the month of December, with 6 and 8 issued respectively. All of the severe storms took place in their coverage areas in northwest Iowa.[30]

Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
3 19 49 29 0 0 0 100

Confirmed tornadoes

List of confirmed tornadoes – Wednesday, December 15, 2021[note 1]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width Summary
EF0 N of Minden to SW of Gibbon Kearney, Buffalo NE 40°34′59″N 98°56′21″W / 40.5831°N 98.9391°W / 40.5831; -98.9391 (Minden (Dec. 15, EF0)) 19:27–19:38 11.17 mi (17.98 km) 150 yd (140 m) Center irrigation pivots were overturned, a couple of power poles were damaged, and some roofing material was peeled back at a sanctuary; a wind gust of 83 mph (134 km/h) was measured there.[31]
EF0 S of Campbell to SW of Roseland Franklin, Webster, Adams NE 40°16′03″N 98°43′43″W / 40.2676°N 98.7285°W / 40.2676; -98.7285 (Campbell (Dec. 15, EF0)) 19:29–19:41 14.11 mi (22.71 km) 100 yd (91 m) A building, an irrigation pivot, and some power poles were damaged in Webster County. A home was damaged and several irrigation pivots were tipped in Adams County.[32]
EF0 E of Lowell Kearney, Buffalo NE 40°39′23″N 98°48′54″W / 40.6563°N 98.8151°W / 40.6563; -98.8151 (Lowell (Dec. 15, EF0)) 19:33–19:41 7.19 mi (11.57 km) 120 yd (110 m) A garage was destroyed. Center irrigation pivots and trees were damaged.[31]
EF1 WSW of Blue Hill to W of Glenvil Webster, Adams NE 40°19′17″N 98°30′09″W / 40.3214°N 98.5025°W / 40.3214; -98.5025 (Blue Hill (Dec. 15, EF1)) 19:44–19:56 15.01 mi (24.16 km) 180 yd (160 m) Some irrigation pipe was strewn into a tree line, and trees were damaged west of Blue Hill. Several power poles were snapped southeast of Ayr.[32]
EF1 NNE of Juniata to S of Doniphan Adams, Hall NE 40°39′18″N 98°27′28″W / 40.6551°N 98.4578°W / 40.6551; -98.4578 (Juniata (Dec. 15, EF1)) 19:53–20:01 8.65 mi (13.92 km) 150 yd (140 m) One home suffered a partial roof collapse, an outbuilding collapsed, and several pivots were overturned.[32]
EF0 SSW of Trumbull to SW of Giltner Adams, Clay, Hamilton NE 40°39′58″N 98°16′43″W / 40.6662°N 98.2786°W / 40.6662; -98.2786 (Trumbull (Dec. 15, EF0)) 20:00–20:06 7.29 mi (11.73 km) 60 yd (55 m) A horse barn and several irrigation pivots were damaged. A tree was snapped.[32]
EF1 SSE of Giltner to Aurora Hamilton NE 40°43′26″N 98°06′41″W / 40.724°N 98.1115°W / 40.724; -98.1115 (Giltner (Dec. 15, EF1)) 20:11–20:19 11.12 mi (17.90 km) 400 yd (370 m) Several power poles were snapped. Numerous irrigation pivots were damaged along the path. Metal cladding was peeled off of storage buildings near the Hamilton County Fairgrounds in Aurora.[32]
EF1 ESE of Marquette to N of Polk Hamilton, Polk NE 40°58′08″N 97°54′55″W / 40.9688°N 97.9153°W / 40.9688; -97.9153 (Marquette (Dec. 15, EF1)) 20:26–20:37 12.09 mi (19.46 km) 400 yd (370 m) A hog facility was heavily damaged, and power poles were snapped. A large metal building was destroyed just before the tornado dissipated north of Polk.[32]
EF1 ESE of Polk to NW of Stromsburg Polk NE 41°03′40″N 97°43′54″W / 41.061°N 97.7318°W / 41.061; -97.7318 (Polk (Dec. 15, EF1)) 20:35–20:43 7.58 mi (12.20 km) 350 yd (320 m) Multiple stretches of power poles were snapped. Several pivots were overturned along the path.[32]
EF1 Platte Center Platte NE 41°31′44″N 97°29′13″W / 41.5288°N 97.4869°W / 41.5288; -97.4869 (Platte Center (Dec. 15, EF1)) 21:03–21:04 0.79 mi (1.27 km) 30 yd (27 m) Two sections of an irrigation pivot were tipped over. A large metal building had its roof lifted off and walls collapsed. A house lost most of its roof. A garage was damaged. Trees were downed.[33]
EF2 Columbus Platte NE 41°26′10″N 97°22′51″W / 41.4361°N 97.3808°W / 41.4361; -97.3808 (Columbus (Dec. 15, EF2)) 21:04–21:06 2.72 mi (4.38 km) 50 yd (46 m) An attached garage and the entire roof of a ranch home were removed. Many homes sustained minor to moderate roof and siding damage along the path. Power poles were snapped. Trees were damaged along the path.[33]
EF2 SE of Dorchester to ESE of Malcom Saline, Seward, Lancaster NE 40°37′04″N 97°04′20″W / 40.6179°N 97.0722°W / 40.6179; -97.0722 (Dorchester (Dec. 15, EF2)) 21:11–21:29 23.94 mi (38.53 km) 70 yd (64 m) Numerous irrigation pivots were overturned. The top half of a 100-year-old barn was torn off, and the structure itself was pulled from its rebar attachment to the foundation. Outbuildings, grain bins, power poles, and trees were damaged.[33]
EF1 Howells Colfax NE 41°43′01″N 97°00′07″W / 41.717°N 97.002°W / 41.717; -97.002 (Howells (Dec. 15, EF1)) 21:27 1.5 mi (2.4 km) 30 yd (27 m) A portion of a building attached to a feed and seed was removed. Trees and a house's roof were damaged.[33]
EF2 NNE of Howells Cuming NE 41°45′59″N 96°58′49″W / 41.7663°N 96.9803°W / 41.7663; -96.9803 (Howells (Dec. 15, EF2)) 21:31–21:36 6.25 mi (10.06 km) 100 yd (91 m) A strong impacted impacted numerous animal barns, many of which had large sections of their roofs removed. On a farm, one shed was blown 100 yd (91 m) and a new, larger one was demolished. Another nearby shed was also destroyed. Yet another shed and a house sustained minor roof and siding damage. Trees and five power poles were damaged.[33]
EF1 W of West Point Cuming NE 41°47′01″N 96°48′33″W / 41.7836°N 96.8093°W / 41.7836; -96.8093 (West Point (Dec. 15, EF1)) 21:37 4.85 mi (7.81 km) 50 yd (46 m) Power poles were snapped, and a shed was damaged.[33]
EF1 W of West Point Cuming NE 41°49′20″N 96°50′15″W / 41.8223°N 96.8375°W / 41.8223; -96.8375 (West Point (Dec. 15, EF1)) 21:37–21:38 1.82 mi (2.93 km) 50 yd (46 m) Five wooden power poles were snapped. Trees were damaged.[33]
EF1 SSE of Beemer Cuming NE 41°53′36″N 96°47′30″W / 41.8933°N 96.7916°W / 41.8933; -96.7916 (Beemer (Dec. 15, EF1)) 21:41 0.36 mi (0.58 km) 50 yd (46 m) A 40–60 ft (12–18 m) shed was destroyed. A farm gravity wagon was moved about 100 yd (91 m). Trees were damaged, and a house sustained minor roof damage.[33]
EF1 E of Ceresco to NNW of Yutan Saunders NE 41°03′40″N 96°33′52″W / 41.061°N 96.5644°W / 41.061; -96.5644 (Ceresco (Dec. 15, EF1)) 21:41–21:54 16.6 mi (26.7 km) 100 yd (91 m) Several barns and outbuildings were damaged, some of which were completely destroyed. Several pivot irrigation systems was overturned, and several wooden power poles were snapped. Several buildings on the University of Nebraska Farm sustained damage. The tornado was associated with significant downburst winds on its eastern flank.[33]
EF2 ESE of Beemer to SSE of Pender Cuming NE 41°54′44″N 96°45′06″W / 41.9122°N 96.7518°W / 41.9122; -96.7518 (Beemer (Dec. 15, EF2)) 21:44–21:54 11.22 mi (18.06 km) 200 yd (180 m) Several barns, some large and well built, were destroyed. Several power poles were snapped. Trees were damaged.[33]
EF1 N of Ithaca Saunders NE 41°10′45″N 96°33′06″W / 41.1791°N 96.5516°W / 41.1791; -96.5516 (Ithaca (Dec. 15, EF1)) 21:46–21:47 0.72 mi (1.16 km) 100 yd (91 m) Several outbuildings and a grain bin sustained major damage. A cattle feeder secured to the ground by concrete posts was ripped up and thrown 250 ft (76 m). Trees were damaged.[33]
EF1 SW of Bancroft to NNW of Rosalie Cuming, Thurston NE 41°58′45″N 96°36′43″W / 41.9793°N 96.6119°W / 41.9793; -96.6119 (Bancroft (Dec. 15, EF1)) 21:51–21:59 9.03 mi (14.53 km) 20 yd (18 m) Outbuildings were damaged, shingles were ripped off the roof of a house, a windmill was collapsed, and large trees were snapped.[33]
EF2 W of Avoca Otoe, Cass NE 40°47′N 96°10′W / 40.78°N 96.16°W / 40.78; -96.16 (Avoca (Dec. 15, EF2)) 21:55–21:59 3.3 mi (5.3 km) 20 yd (18 m) A large shed was destroyed. Vehicles and farm equipment sustained substantial damage.[33]
EF1 NW of Nebraska City Otoe NE 40°45′16″N 95°55′42″W / 40.7544°N 95.9283°W / 40.7544; -95.9283 (Nebraska City (Dec. 15, EF1)) 22:05 0.13 mi (0.21 km) 200 yd (180 m) Power poles were snapped.[33]
EF1 ENE of Summerfield Pawnee NE 40°02′42″N 96°15′02″W / 40.0449°N 96.2506°W / 40.0449; -96.2506 (Summerfield (Dec. 15, EF1)) 22:05 0.18 mi (0.29 km) 20 yd (18 m) An outbuilding was destroyed.[33]
EF2 NE of Nehawka Cass NE 40°51′25″N 95°56′47″W / 40.8569°N 95.9464°W / 40.8569; -95.9464 (Nehawka (Dec. 15, EF2)) 22:05–22:07 3.59 mi (5.78 km) 150 yd (140 m) A home lost its roof and was moved slightly off its foundation. A roof over a garage was uplifted and displaced. A farm outbuilding was destroyed. Power poles and trees were damaged.[33]
EF0 W of Du Bois Pawnee NE 40°01′16″N 96°05′50″W / 40.021°N 96.0973°W / 40.021; -96.0973 (Du Bois (Dec. 15, EF0)) 22:06–22:08 2.18 mi (3.51 km) 20 yd (18 m) Half of a large outbuilding was destroyed.[33]
EF1 E of Pawnee City Pawnee NE 40°07′12″N 96°05′14″W / 40.1199°N 96.0872°W / 40.1199; -96.0872 (Pawnee City (Dec. 15, EF1)) 22:07 0.8 mi (1.3 km) 100 yd (91 m) Several outbuildings were destroyed, and a wrap-around porch to a home was removed.[33]
EF2 E of Murray Cass NE 40°55′11″N 95°52′46″W / 40.9197°N 95.8794°W / 40.9197; -95.8794 (Murray (Dec. 15, EF2)) 22:09–22:11 2.59 mi (4.17 km) 200 yd (180 m) A roof was torn off a home. Another house had its extension destroyed and horse trailer rolled. Trees were snapped or uprooted.[33]
EF1 WNW of Tabor to NW of Malvern Mills IA 40°55′21″N 95°45′09″W / 40.9226°N 95.7525°W / 40.9226; -95.7525 (Tabor (Dec. 15, EF1)) 22:14–22:23 9.97 mi (16.05 km) 100 yd (91 m) A well-built metal building and two sheds were destroyed. Numerous houses and other outbuildings were damaged, trees were downed, and numerous power poles were snapped.[33]
EF0 SSW of Council Bluffs Pottawattamie IA 41°11′N 95°54′W / 41.19°N 95.90°W / 41.19; -95.90 (Council Bluffs (Dec. 15, EF0)) 22:16–22:17 0.9 mi (1.4 km) 30 yd (27 m) Minor tree damage occurred in an open area of the Missouri River bottom.[33]
EFU SW of Salix Woodbury IA 42°17′17″N 96°18′13″W / 42.2881°N 96.3037°W / 42.2881; -96.3037 (Salix (Dec. 15, EFU)) 22:16–22:17 0.8 mi (1.3 km) 20 yd (18 m) A brief tornado in an open field caused no damage.[34]
EF1 E of Sergeant Bluff Woodbury IA 42°21′59″N 96°18′08″W / 42.3663°N 96.3022°W / 42.3663; -96.3022 (Sergeant Bluff (Dec. 15, EF1)) 22:20–22:24 4.56 mi (7.34 km) 75 yd (69 m) Four farmsteads were struck by the tornado, resulting in several damaged outbuildings.[35]
EF2 W of Weston Pottawattamie IA 41°18′50″N 95°45′56″W / 41.3140°N 95.7655°W / 41.3140; -95.7655 (Weston (Dec. 15, EF2)) 22:24–22:27 2.34 mi (3.77 km) 50 yd (46 m) A home lost the majority of its roof. Several other homes were damaged.[33]
EF2 S of Lawton to NW of Moville Woodbury IA 42°25′45″N 96°10′57″W / 42.4291°N 96.1824°W / 42.4291; -96.1824 (Lawton (Dec. 15, EF2)) 22:26–22:32 8.44 mi (13.58 km) 100 yd (91 m) A home was unroofed and several farmsteads were damaged by the tornado. Minor shingle damage was inflicted on additional homes. Two transmission towers collapsed on U.S. Route 20 east of Lawton.[35]
EF1 S of Henderson Mills IA 41°05′02″N 95°26′23″W / 41.0839°N 95.4398°W / 41.0839; -95.4398 (Henderson (Dec. 15, EF1)) 22:31–22:32 0.63 mi (1.01 km) 50 yd (46 m) A metal building structure was destroyed, with debris from the roof being scattered northeast, and two trucks inside were flipped. Several wooden power poles were snapped as well.[33]
EF2 E of Underwood to NNE of Neola Pottawattamie IA 41°23′12″N 95°38′12″W / 41.3867°N 95.6366°W / 41.3867; -95.6366 (Underwood (Dec. 15, EF2)) 22:31–22:36 6.68 mi (10.75 km) 75 yd (69 m) One home had its roof blown off and wall blown out. A nearby garage was moved off its foundation. Large metal buildings sustained substantial damage, two of which were destroyed. At least ten mature trees were uprooted.[33]
EF1 E of Macedonia to E of Oakland Pottawattamie IA 41°11′N 95°22′W / 41.18°N 95.36°W / 41.18; -95.36 (Oakland (Dec. 15, EF1)) 22:34–22:42 9.57 mi (15.40 km) 50 yd (46 m) Trees, outbuildings, and homes were damaged.[36][37]
EF1 ENE of Moville to NE of Kingsley Woodbury, Plymouth IA 42°30′16″N 95°59′30″W / 42.5045°N 95.9918°W / 42.5045; -95.9918 (Moville (Dec. 15, EF1)) 22:35–22:43 8 mi (13 km) 75 yd (69 m) The roof of one barn collapsed, while the roof of another was ripped off. One garage was destroyed and a second was collapsed. Trees and outbuildings were damaged on two additional farmsteads.[34]
EF1 WSW of Battle Creek to N of Ida Grove Ida IA 42°17′33″N 95°40′01″W / 42.2924°N 95.6669°W / 42.2924; -95.6669 (Battle Creek (Dec. 15, EF1)) 22:42–22:51 12.9 mi (20.8 km) 75 yd (69 m) Several outbuildings were damaged or destroyed, a home lost shingles, a power poles were snapped, and several trees were damaged.[34]
EFU NNE of Willey to E of Lidderdale Carroll IA 42°00′32″N 94°48′34″W / 42.0088°N 94.8095°W / 42.0088; -94.8095 (Willey (Dec. 15, EFU)) 22:45–22:51 9.7 mi (15.6 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed a tornado. Preliminary survey.[38]
EF2 SW of Atlantic to NW of Exira Cass, Audubon IA — 22:50–23:08 26.1 mi (42.0 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF2 tornado. Preliminary survey.[39]
EF1 NW of Galva to WSW of Alta Ida, Cherokee, Buena Vista IA 42°31′34″N 95°26′05″W / 42.5261°N 95.4346°W / 42.5261; -95.4346 (Galva (Dec. 15, EF1)) 22:58–23:06 11.1 mi (17.9 km) 75 yd (69 m) A home and at least four farmsteads were damaged. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted.[34]
EF1 SSW of Aurelia to S of Peterson Cherokee, Buena Vista IA 42°38′16″N 95°29′14″W / 42.6378°N 95.4873°W / 42.6378; -95.4873 (Aurelia (Dec. 15, EF1)) 22:59–23:12 18 mi (29 km) 600 yd (550 m) A hog farm was collapsed, and the roofs and siding of homes and farm outbuildings were damaged. A grain elevator was damaged, several empty rail cars were overturned, power poles were knocked loose, and trees were snapped.[34]
EF1 Larrabee to SE of Sutherland Cherokee, O'Brien IA 42°51′28″N 95°32′28″W / 42.8577°N 95.5411°W / 42.8577; -95.5411 (Larrabee (Dec. 15, EF1)) 23:05–23:11 7.7 mi (12.4 km) 100 yd (91 m) An outbuilding, machine shed, chicken barn, and four silos were destroyed. One barn, and the roof of a second barn, were damaged. Trees were snapped.[34]
EF1 SW of Wichita to SSW of Bayard Guthrie IA 41°41′59″N 94°42′16″W / 41.6997°N 94.7044°W / 41.6997; -94.7044 (Wichita (Dec. 15, EF1)) 23:13–23:16 9.7 mi (15.6 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF1 tornado. Preliminary survey.[38]
EF2 WNW of Breda to SE of Lytton Carroll, Sac, Calhoun IA 42°12′N 95°04′W / 42.20°N 95.06°W / 42.20; -95.06 (Breda (Dec. 15, EF2)) 23:13–23:27 18.5 mi (29.8 km) 100 yd (91 m) An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF2 tornado. Preliminary survey.[40]
EF2 NW of Wichita to NW of Jefferson Guthrie, Greene IA 41°37′14″N 94°41′26″W / 41.6206°N 94.6906°W / 41.6206; -94.6906 (Wichita (Dec. 15, EF2)) 23:17–23:31 23.8 mi (38.3 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF2 tornado. Preliminary survey.[38]
EF2 SE of Sioux Rapids Buena Vista IA 42°50′03″N 95°10′12″W / 42.8341°N 95.1701°W / 42.8341; -95.1701 (Sioux Rapids (Dec. 15, EF2)) 23:18–23:22 4.8 mi (7.7 km) 100 yd (91 m) Power poles and trees were snapped. Outbuildings were damaged on two farmsteads.[34]
EF2 W of Fansler to NW of Winkelmans Guthrie, Greene IA 41°45′N 94°30′W / 41.75°N 94.50°W / 41.75; -94.50 (Fansler (Dec. 15, EF2)) 23:21–23:34 24.65 mi (39.67 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF2 tornado. Preliminary survey.[39]
EF2 SW of Jefferson Greene IA 41°55′04″N 94°30′24″W / 41.9179°N 94.5068°W / 41.9179; -94.5068 (Jefferson (Dec. 15, EF2)) 23:26–23:34 7.1 mi (11.4 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF2 tornado. Preliminary survey.[38]
EF2 E of Bagley to Grand Junction to NE of Dana Guthrie, Greene IA 41°50′N 94°24′W / 41.84°N 94.40°W / 41.84; -94.40 (Bagley (Dec. 15, EF2)) 23:28–23:45 23.54 mi (37.88 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF2 tornado. Preliminary survey.[40]
EF2 W of Jefferson Greene IA 41°59′11″N 94°28′47″W / 41.9863°N 94.4796°W / 41.9863; -94.4796 (Jefferson (Dec. 15, EF2)) 23:32–23:35 5.9 mi (9.5 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF2 tornado. Preliminary survey.[38]
EF1 SSW of Lohrville to NE of Knierim Calhoun IA 42°13′N 94°35′W / 42.22°N 94.58°W / 42.22; -94.58 (Lohrville (Dec. 15, EF1)) 23:34–23:50 19.24 mi (30.96 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF1 tornado. Preliminary survey.[38]
EF2 S of Churdan Greene IA 42°04′52″N 94°29′12″W / 42.081°N 94.4866°W / 42.081; -94.4866 (Churdan (Dec. 15, EF2)) 23:35–23:38 2.7 mi (4.3 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF2 tornado. Preliminary survey.[38]
EF1 NE of Fostoria Dickinson IA 43°15′52″N 95°05′18″W / 43.2645°N 95.0884°W / 43.2645; -95.0884 (Fostoria (Dec. 15, EF1)) 23:39–23:43 4 mi (6.4 km) 50 yd (46 m) Power poles were damaged, and a house lost a portion of its roof.[34]
EF2 NE of Lohrville to NNE of Barnum Calhoun, Webster IA 42°17′24″N 94°28′34″W / 42.290°N 94.476°W / 42.290; -94.476 (Lohrville (Dec. 15, EF2)) 23:39–23:54 18 mi (29 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF2 tornado. Preliminary survey.[38]
EF1 NE of Ayrshire to S of Graettinger Palo Alto IA 43°03′31″N 94°48′37″W / 43.0585°N 94.8103°W / 43.0585; -94.8103 (Ayrshire (Dec. 15, EF1)) 23:40–23:52 11.2 mi (18.0 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF1 tornado. Preliminary survey.[38]
EF2 SE of Grand Junction to E of Dayton Greene, Boone, Webster IA 42°02′N 94°12′W / 42.04°N 94.20°W / 42.04; -94.20 (Grand Junction (Dec. 15, EF2)) 23:42–23:54 17.8 mi (28.6 km) — An industrial wind mill was toppled. Preliminary survey.[38][41]
EF2 SW of Paton to NW of Duncombe Greene, Webster IA 42°09′N 94°17′W / 42.15°N 94.28°W / 42.15; -94.28 (Stratford (Dec. 15, EF2)) 23:43–00:01 26.73 mi (43.02 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF2 tornado. Preliminary survey.[39]
EF2 SSW of Stratford to SE of Webster City Boone, Webster, Hamilton IA 42°12′N 93°57′W / 42.20°N 93.95°W / 42.20; -93.95 (Stratford (Dec. 15, EF2)) 23:53–00:06 18.41 mi (29.63 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF2 tornado. Preliminary survey.[40]
EFU Gilmore City Pocahontas, Humboldt IA 42°43′59″N 94°27′53″W / 42.7331°N 94.4648°W / 42.7331; -94.4648 (Gilmore City (Dec. 15, EFU)) 23:54–23:59 6.2 mi (10.0 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed a tornado. Preliminary survey.[38]
EF1 Rutland Humboldt IA 42°45′39″N 94°19′25″W / 42.7609°N 94.3237°W / 42.7609; -94.3237 (Rutland (Dec. 15, EF1)) 23:57–00:03 5.7 mi (9.2 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF1 tornado. Preliminary survey.[38]
EF2 SE of Clarion to NW of Thornton Wright, Franklin, Cerro Gordo IA 42°38′N 93°40′W / 42.64°N 93.67°W / 42.64; -93.67 (Clarion (Dec. 15, EF2)) 00:21–00:40 27.96 mi (45.00 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF2 tornado. Preliminary survey.[40]
EF2 N of Alden to Bradford to NE of Hansell Hardin, Franklin, Butler IA 42°32′N 93°22′W / 42.53°N 93.37°W / 42.53; -93.37 (Bradford (Dec. 15, EF2)) 00:34–00:47 26.52 mi (42.68 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF2 tornado. Preliminary survey.[40]
EF1 W of Scarville Winnebago IA 43°28′16″N 93°41′05″W / 43.4711°N 93.6848°W / 43.4711; -93.6848 (Scarville (Dec. 15, EF1)) 00:49–00:51 2.1 mi (3.4 km) — A barns lost its roof, and several trees were downed. Preliminary survey.[38]
EF1 NW of Mason City, IA to S of Myrtle, MN Cerro Gordo (IA), Worth (IA), Freeborn (MN) IA, MN 43°13′19″N 93°17′53″W / 43.222°N 93.298°W / 43.222; -93.298 (Mason City (Dec. 15, EF1)) 00:53–01:10 20.4 mi (32.8 km) — An NWS damage survey confirmed an EF1 tornado. Preliminary survey.[38]
EF1 SW of Alden Freeborn MN 43°36′53″N 93°37′45″W / 43.6146°N 93.6292°W / 43.6146; -93.6292 (Alden (Dec. 15, EF1)) 00:56–00:59 3.62 mi (5.83 km) 90 yd (82 m) Trees and utility poles were damaged.[42][43]
EF1 Marble Rock to W of Charles City Floyd IA 42°57′55″N 92°52′08″W / 42.9654°N 92.8689°W / 42.9654; -92.8689 (Marble Rock (Dec. 15, EF1)) 00:58–01:04 6.7 mi (10.8 km) 80 yd (73 m) Numerous farms and a few homes were impacted. Many outbuildings and power lines were damaged, while numerous trees were blown over.[44][45]
EF0 SE of Newton Jasper IA 41°38′N 93°03′W / 41.63°N 93.05°W / 41.63; -93.05 (Newton (Dec. 15, EF0)) 01:01–01:06 6.27 mi (10.09 km) — The tornado tracked across Newton Municipal Airport and Iowa Speedway. Preliminary survey.[38]
EF1 ENE of Alden Freeborn MN 43°40′22″N 93°32′38″W / 43.6728°N 93.5438°W / 43.6728; -93.5438 (Alden (Dec. 15, EF1)) 01:03–01:05 1.64 mi (2.64 km) 40 yd (37 m) Trees and a farm outbuilding were damaged.[42][43]
EF1 Rudd Floyd IA 43°07′20″N 92°54′34″W / 43.1222°N 92.9095°W / 43.1222; -92.9095 (Rudd (Dec. 15, EF1)) 01:06–01:07 0.8 mi (1.3 km) 65 yd (59 m) Power lines were toppled, trees were damaged, and roofs were ripped off some homes in Rudd. The city's library also had its roof blown off, while a church sustained major damage.[44][45]
EF0 SE of London, MN Worth (IA), Freeborn (MN), Mower (MN) IA, MN 43°29′N 93°04′W / 43.49°N 93.06°W / 43.49; -93.06 (London (Dec. 15, EF0)) 01:10–01:12 2.64 mi (4.25 km) 50 yd (46 m) An empty silo was destroyed, and trees were downed.[43]
EF1 SE of Glenville to NNE of Myrtle Freeborn MN 43°32′N 93°12′W / 43.54°N 93.20°W / 43.54; -93.20 (Myrtle (Dec. 15, EF1)) 01:10–01:15 6.34 mi (10.20 km) 100 yd (91 m) Seven buildings were totaled on a farm. Several windows of one house were blown out, and many shingles were ripped off the roof of a second house. A machine shed had several of its pillars ripped out of the ground.[46][43]
EF1 SSW of London to E of Myrtle Freeborn MN 43°31′N 93°04′W / 43.51°N 93.07°W / 43.51; -93.07 (London (Dec. 15, EF1)) 01:10–01:14 4.29 mi (6.90 km) 75 yd (69 m) A machine shed was destroyed, a nearly full grain bin was dented, and a house had part of its roof ripped off. Outbuildings were damaged, two irrigation pivots were overturned, and trees were downed.[43][46]
EF2 Hartland Freeborn MN 43°47′48″N 93°29′39″W / 43.7966°N 93.4943°W / 43.7966; -93.4943 (Hartland (Dec. 15, EF2)) 01:10–01:13 2.17 mi (3.49 km) 55 yd (50 m) Numerous buildings, trees, and utility poles suffered damage as a fast-moving strong tornado moved through Hartland. The most severe damage was inflicted to low rise buildings in downtown that sustained major damage to their walls.[42][43]
EF0 SSW of Glenville Freeborn MN 43°32′N 93°19′W / 43.53°N 93.31°W / 43.53; -93.31 (Glenville (Dec. 15, EF0)) 01:12–01:14 2.71 mi (4.36 km) 100 yd (91 m) Trees were downed, farm buildings were damaged, and hay bales were tossed across a road.[43]
EF0 S of Hayward to SSE of Hollandale Freeborn MN 43°37′N 93°15′W / 43.61°N 93.25°W / 43.61; -93.25 (Hayward (Dec. 15, EF0)) 01:14–01:21 6.77 mi (10.90 km) 100 yd (91 m) The roofs of several outbuildings and a turkey barn were partially ripped off. A silo was dented, and trees were downed onto a number of sheds and vehicles.[46][43]
EF0 SW of Alta Vista to SE of Elma Chickasaw, Howard IA 43°10′17″N 92°29′20″W / 43.1713°N 92.489°W / 43.1713; -92.489 (Alta Vista (Dec. 15, EF0)) 01:17–01:22 5 mi (8.0 km) 50 yd (46 m) Farm equipment and trees were damaged.[47][45]
EF0 NE of Elma Howard IA 43°15′15″N 92°24′12″W / 43.2543°N 92.4032°W / 43.2543; -92.4032 (Elma (Dec. 15, EF0)) 01:24–01:29 6 mi (9.7 km) 45 yd (41 m) Numerous outbuildings and farms were damaged.[47][45]
EF0 W of Cresco Howard IA 43°18′31″N 92°17′00″W / 43.3087°N 92.2834°W / 43.3087; -92.2834 (Cresco (Dec. 15, EF0)) 01:29–01:32 4.5 mi (7.2 km) 50 yd (46 m) Trees and several outbuildings were damaged. The roof of a hog farm was ripped off.[47][45]
EF0 N of Blooming Prairie Steele MN 43°53′N 93°04′W / 43.89°N 93.06°W / 43.89; -93.06 (Blooming Prairie (Dec. 15, EF0)) 01:33–01:37 6.5 mi (10.5 km) 75 yd (69 m) An irrigation system was overturned, farm outbuildings were damaged, a small shed was tossed, and trees were downed.[43]
EF1 SW of Hamilton to NE of Racine Mower MN 43°44′31″N 92°29′01″W / 43.7419°N 92.4836°W / 43.7419; -92.4836 (Hamilton (Dec. 15, EF1)) 01:37–01:39 3.3 mi (5.3 km) 85 yd (78 m) The roof of a home was blown off, and several outbuildings and tree stands were damaged.[48][45]
EF0 N of Spring Valley to SE of Pleasant Grove Fillmore MN 43°46′34″N 92°22′11″W / 43.7762°N 92.3697°W / 43.7762; -92.3697 (Spring Valley (Dec. 15, EF0)) 01:42–01:46 4.6 mi (7.4 km) 80 yd (73 m) Several sheds, outbuildings and trees were damaged.[49][45]
EF0 Preston Fillmore MN 43°40′12″N 92°04′50″W / 43.6699°N 92.0805°W / 43.6699; -92.0805 (Preston (Dec. 15, EF0)) 01:43–01:44 0.5 mi (0.80 km) 40 yd (37 m) Cars and sheds were damaged. Numerous trees were snapped.[50][45]
EF1 Northeastern Preston Fillmore MN 43°41′16″N 92°04′25″W / 43.6878°N 92.0736°W / 43.6878; -92.0736 (Preston (Dec. 15, EF1)) 01:45–01:47 1.8 mi (2.9 km) 50 yd (46 m) Extensive damage occurred to farm buildings. Numerous trees were damaged.[50][45]
EF1 NNE of West Concord to W of Roscoe Goodhue MN 44°12′00″N 92°53′24″W / 44.2000°N 92.8900°W / 44.2000; -92.8900 (West Concord (Dec. 15, EF1)) 01:50–01:53 3.9 mi (6.3 km) 75 yd (69 m) The top half of a barn was destroyed and pine trees were snapped.[43]
EF1 ESE of Kenyon Goodhue MN 44°15′N 92°54′W / 44.25°N 92.90°W / 44.25; -92.90 (Kenyon (Dec. 15, EF1)) 01:51–01:52 0.93 mi (1.50 km) 75 yd (69 m) Farm buildings were destroyed, and several trees were snapped.[43]
EF1 S of Rushford Fillmore MN 43°44′47″N 91°46′33″W / 43.7464°N 91.7757°W / 43.7464; -91.7757 (Rushford (Dec. 15, EF1)) 02:01–02:04 2.4 mi (3.9 km) 75 yd (69 m) Tree stands and farm outbuildings were damaged.[51][45]
EF1 SE of Arendahl Fillmore MN 43°49′06″N 91°54′11″W / 43.8184°N 91.9031°W / 43.8184; -91.9031 (Arendahl (Dec. 15, EF1)) 02:01–02:02 1.2 mi (1.9 km) 250 yd (230 m) A grove was damaged.[52][45]
EF1 E of Plainview Wabasha MN 44°07′53″N 92°08′13″W / 44.1313°N 92.1369°W / 44.1313; -92.1369 (Plainview (Dec. 15, EF1)) 02:02–02:05 4 mi (6.4 km) 40 yd (37 m) Numerous trees and several farm buildings were damaged.[53][45]
EF1 NW of Houston Houston MN 43°45′30″N 91°39′09″W / 43.7582°N 91.6525°W / 43.7582; -91.6525 (Houston (Dec. 15, EF1)) 02:06–02:11 7.4 mi (11.9 km) 250 yd (230 m) Numerous tree stands and farm outbuildings were damaged. Shingles were ripped off a house.[51][45]
EF0 N of Wyattville Winona MN 43°57′38″N 91°47′29″W / 43.9605°N 91.7913°W / 43.9605; -91.7913 (Wyattville (Dec. 15, EF0)) 02:09–02:10 0.6 mi (0.97 km) 40 yd (37 m) Several outbuildings, a garage, and trees were damaged.[54][45]
EF1 Homer, MN Winona (MN), Trempealeau (WI) MN, WI 43°59′55″N 91°34′45″W / 43.9987°N 91.5793°W / 43.9987; -91.5793 (Homer (Dec. 15, EF1)) 02:16–02:18 2.4 mi (3.9 km) 40 yd (37 m) A few outbuildings and trees were damaged.[55][45]
EF0 Trempealeau Trempealeau WI 44°00′21″N 91°27′21″W / 44.0059°N 91.4558°W / 44.0059; -91.4558 (Trempealeau (Dec. 15, EF0)) 02:23–02:24 0.7 mi (1.1 km) 25 yd (23 m) Homes, outbuildings, trees, and crops were damaged.[56][45]
EF1 W of Levis Trempealeau, Jackson WI 44°29′57″N 91°10′54″W / 44.4993°N 91.1818°W / 44.4993; -91.1818 (Levis (Dec. 15, EF1)) 02:53–02:55 2.7 mi (4.3 km) 70 yd (64 m) Outbuildings, trees, and one home were damaged.[57]
EF0 W of Fairchild Eau Claire WI 44°36′N 91°05′W / 44.6°N 91.08°W / 44.6; -91.08 (Fairchild (Dec. 15, EF0)) 02:58 6.17 mi (9.93 km) 75 yd (69 m) Trees were damaged.[58][43]
EF2 W of Neillsville Clark WI 44°30′40″N 90°44′57″W / 44.511°N 90.7491°W / 44.511; -90.7491 (Neillsville (Dec. 15, EF2)) 03:07–03:11 4 mi (6.4 km) 110 yd (100 m) A home was destroyed and numerous trees were downed. Power lines and power lines were toppled.[59][45]
EF2 SE of Boyd to NE of Stanley Chippewa, Clark WI 44°54′N 90°59′W / 44.90°N 90.98°W / 44.90; -90.98 (Stanley (Dec. 15, EF2)) 03:15–03:22 7.44 mi (11.97 km) 50 yd (46 m) Several farm buildings were damaged or destroyed, roofs sustained major damage, and trees were uprooted.[58][43][45]
EF2 NNE of Neillsville Clark WI 44°36′08″N 90°34′41″W / 44.6022°N 90.5781°W / 44.6022; -90.5781 (Neillsville (Dec. 15, EF2)) 03:16–03:19 0.8 mi (1.3 km) 50 yd (46 m) A brief but strong tornado struck a farm, where large sections of a home's roof was ripped off, windows were broken, and a barn was shifted off its foundation. A truck on the lot was moved nearly 100 ft (30 m). Trees were downed.[59][45]
EF1 W of Greenwood Clark WI 44°46′12″N 90°39′35″W / 44.7699°N 90.6597°W / 44.7699; -90.6597 (Greenwood (Dec. 15, EF1)) 03:23 0.25 mi (0.40 km) 50 yd (46 m) A pole shed was destroyed, a power pole was snapped, and trees were damaged. One barn had its roof ripped off while a second sustained roof damage.[57]

Non-wind impacts

The initial winter storm, unofficially referred to by The Weather Channel (TWC) as Winter Storm Bankston, entered the Western United States on December 13.[60] The storm, being a category 3 atmospheric river event,[61] brought heavy rain and snowfall to the Western United States. Over 8 inches of rain during the storm were recorded on Mount Tamalpais, a mountain in the San Francisco Bay Area, with San Francisco itself receiving around two inches of rain from the event.[62] Around 60 inches of snow was recorded in Pinecrest, California.[62] The storm caused statewide snowpack in California to increase from 19% of normal to 83% of normal.[63]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.

References

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  2. ^ "WPC surface analysis valid for 12/17/2021 at 00 UTC". wpc.ncep.noaa.gov. Weather Prediction Center. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
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  4. ^ a b "Storm Prediction Center 20211215's Storm Reports". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Storm Prediction Center. December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
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  63. ^ Graff, Amy (December 16, 2021). "Atmospheric river is a win for California: Snowpack goes from 19% to 83% of average". SFGate. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
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