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Istanbul University

Coordinates: 41°00′46.93″N 28°57′49.95″E / 41.0130361°N 28.9638750°E / 41.0130361; 28.9638750
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Istanbul University
Template:Lang-tr
Latin: Universitas Constantinopolitanum
MottoTemplate:Lang-tr
Motto in English
Science Bridge from Past to the Future
TypePublic research university
Established1453 (Medâris-i Semâniye ve Fâtih Dârüşşifâsı)
1846 (Darülfünûn)
1933 (University)
RectorProf. Dr. Mahmut Ak
Academic staff
4,101[1]
Students69,411[1]
Undergraduates51,714[1]
Postgraduates16,669[1]
Location
Istanbul
,
Turkey

41°00′46.93″N 28°57′49.95″E / 41.0130361°N 28.9638750°E / 41.0130361; 28.9638750
CampusBeyazıt Campus
Vezneciler Campus
Avcılar Campus
Çapa Campus
Kadıköy Campus
FounderMehmed II
Colors  Green   Yellow
AffiliationsCoimbra Group
EUA
UNIMED
Websitewww.istanbul.edu.tr

Istanbul University (Template:Lang-tr) is a public research university located in Istanbul, Turkey.

Founded by Mehmed II on May 30, 1453, a day after the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks,[2] it was re-established in 1846 as the first Ottoman higher education institution based on European traditions.[3] The successor institution, which has been operating under its current name since 1933, is the first university in modern Turkey.[4] Some pre-1930 western sources refer to it as the University of Constantinople, after the previous name of the city,[5] while one in French referred to it as the Université de Stamboul ("Stamboul" the name for the historic inner city).[6]

At present, there are 69,411 undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students[7] studying in 33 academic units,[8] including faculties, institutes, colleges, and vocational schools at 10 campuses.[9] The main campus is adjacent to Beyazıt Square in Fatih, the capital district of the province, on the European side of the city.

Besides being a member of the Coimbra Group,[10] in 2019, the University took first place in Turkey according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities.[11] Moreover, Istanbul University is ranked in the top 100 at the QS Universities In Emerging Europe And Central Asia 2021 Ranking.[12] In 2020, the University's AACSB accredited Business School[13] was ranked 3rd in the Middle East and 2nd in Turkey, according to Eduniversal.[14] The Faculty of Transport and Logistics is accredited by the International Road and Transport Union.[15] In addition, the Faculty of Natural Sciences represents Turkey in four major studies conducted by the European Organization for Nuclear Research.[16]

Istanbul University alumni include 2 Nobel laureates, Aziz Sancar (in Chemistry) and Orhan Pamuk (in Literature),[17][18] the longest-serving President of Israel Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, two Prime Ministers of Israel (David Ben-Gurion and Moshe Sharett), President of Turkey Abdullah Gül, six Prime Ministers of Turkey (Suat Hayri Ürgüplü, Sadi Irmak, Nihat Erim, Refik Saydam, Naim Talu, Yıldırım Akbulut), Mayor of Istanbul Ekrem İmamoğlu.

History

The main entrance to Istanbul University, 1950's

Origins of Istanbul University go back to 1453,[19][2] when it was founded by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II "as a school of philosophy, medicine, law and letters".[19] There was also the University of Constantinople, which was founded in 425 and which had existed until the Fall of Constantinople. Istanbul University functioned as a Medrese (Islamic theological school) as well. This madrasa is regarded as the precursor to the Darülfünûn, which evolved into Istanbul University in 1933.[20] Education in a number of sciences and fields (such as medicine, mathematics, astronomy, cartography, geography, history, philosophy, religion, literature, philology, law, etc.) became available, and, until the 19th century, they were instrumental in educating the ruling cadres of the Ottoman society. However, when the medreses were no longer able to meet the needs of the modern world, a restructuring process began, and as a result, the institutions of higher education called Darülfünûn, the core of Istanbul University, was established.

An institution of higher education named the Darülfünûn-u Osmanî (دار الفنون عثماني) (Ottoman House of Sciences) was created in 1863, but suppressed in 1871.[20] Its first rector was Hasan Tahsini, regarded as one of the most important Ottoman scholars of the 19th century. In 1874 the Imperial University (Darülfünûn-u Sultanî) (دار الفنون سلطاني) started classes in law in French, but was closed in 1881.[20]

The Imperial University, now known as Darülfünûn-u Şahâne (دار الفنون شهانه) was refounded in 1900, with the departments of theology, arts, mathematics, science and philology.[20] In 1924, the faculties of law, medicine, arts and sciences were established in Istanbul University (İstanbul Darülfünûnu), as the university was now called.[20] Islamic theology was added in 1925, but in 1933 the university was reorganized without the latter.[20]

Main entrance gate of Istanbul University on Beyazıt Square, which was known as Forum Tauri (later Forum of Theodosius) in the late Roman period. Beyazıt Tower, located within the campus, is seen in the background, to the right of the flagpole.
The arched monumental gate of Istanbul University on the reverse of the 500 lira banknote (1971–1984)

The first modern Applied Physics courses were given at the Darülfünûn on 31 December 1863, which marked the beginning of a new period, and on 20 February 1870, the school was renamed as the Darülfünûn-u Osmanî (Ottoman House of Multiple Sciences) and reorganized to meet the needs of modern sciences and technologies. Starting from 1874, some classes of Literature, Law and Applied Sciences were given at the building of Galatasaray High School, which continued regularly until 1881. On 1 September 1900, the school was renamed and reorganized as the Darülfünûn-u Şahâne (Imperial House of Multiple Sciences) with courses on Mathematics, Literature and Theology. On 20 April 1912, the school was renamed as the İstanbul Darülfünûnu (Istanbul House of Multiple Sciences) while the number of courses were increased and the curricula were modernized with the establishment of the Schools of Medicine, Law, Applied Sciences (Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics), Literature and Theology.

On 21 April 1924, the Republic of Turkey recognized the İstanbul Darülfünûnu as a state school, and on 7 October 1925, the administrative autonomy of İstanbul Darülfünûnu was recognized while the Schools (within the old Medrese system) became modern Faculties.

On 1 August 1933, İstanbul Darülfünûnu was reorganized as İstanbul Üniversitesi (Istanbul University) following the educational reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Classes officially began on 1 November 1933.

Campus

Late Roman and early Byzantine remains at the Istanbul University campus next to Beyazıt Tower.
Interior of the main building

The university has seventeen faculties on five campuses; the main campus being on Beyazıt Square, which was originally built by Constantine the Great as the Forum Tauri and was later enlarged by Theodosius the Great as the Forum of Theodosius during the Roman period.

The main campus building with its landmark gate was previously used as the headquarters of the Harbiye Nezareti (Ministry of War) by the Ottoman government. Located on the grounds is the Beyazıt Tower, an 85 m (279 ft) tall fire-watch tower. The grounds were previously the location of the Ottoman era Eski Saray (Old Palace). Some Roman and Byzantine ruins are still visible on the grounds.

The university has a teaching staff of 2,000 professors and associates and 4,000 assistants and younger staff. More than 60,000 undergraduate and 8,000 postgraduate students follow the courses offered by Istanbul University every year.

The main gate was depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 500 lira banknotes of 1971–1984.[21]

Faculties

  • Faculty of Medicine
  • Faculty of Law
  • Faculty of Literature
  • Faculty of Science
  • Faculty of Economics
  • Faculty of Pharmacy
  • Faculty of Dentistry
  • Faculty of Management
  • Faculty of Political Sciences
  • Faculty of Communication
  • Faculty of Aquatic Sciences
  • Faculty of Theology
  • Faculty of Transportation and Logistics
  • Faculty of Nursing
  • Faculty of Architecture
  • Faculty of Open and Distance Education

International perspective and rankings

Istanbul University School of Business is the only AACSB-Accredited Business School among the public universities in Turkey.[22]

In the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019, Istanbul University is ranked at 401–500th worldwide (1st in Turkey). It is also ranked at 251–300th in "Veterinary Sciences", 401–500th in "Clinical Medicine", 101–150th in "Dentistry & Oral Sciences", 201–300th in "Nursing", and 301–400th in "Medical Technology".[23][24][25][26][27][28]

In the QS World University Rankings 2021, Istanbul University is ranked at 801–1000th globally. In the broad subject areas, it is ranked 323rd in "Life Sciences and Medicine", 401–450th in "Arts and Humanities", and 510–520th in "Social Sciences and Management". In the specific subject areas, it is ranked at 201–250th in "Modern Languages", 301–350th in "Agriculture & Forestry", 301–350th in "Medicine", 301–350th in "Pharmacy & Pharmacology", 351–400th in "Biological Sciences", 451–500th in "Business & Management Studies", and 601–650th in "Computer Science and Information Systems".[29]

University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWU World[30]401–500 (2020)
CWUR World[31]644 (2020–2021)
CWTS World[32]355 (2020)
QS World[33]801–1000 (2021)
RUR World[34]536 (2020)
THE World[34]801–1000 (2021)
USNWR Global[35]714 (2021)

In 2020, Times Higher Education ranked the university top 1000 in the world, 301–400th in "Clinical, pre-clinical and health", 401–500th in "Education", 501–600th in "Social Sciences", and 601–800th in "Life Sciences".[36]

The Best Global Universities Ranking 2021 of the U.S. News & World Report ranks Istanbul University 714th in the world, 225th in "Surgery", 243rd in "Clinical Medicine", 195th in "Endocrinology and Metabolism", 255th in "Neuroscience and Behavior", 383rd in "Molecular Biology and Genetics", 442nd in "Plant and Animal Science", 446th in "Biology and Biochemistry", and 593rd in "Physics".[37]

By CWTS Leiden Ranking 2019, Istanbul University is ranked 335th (overall), 196th in "Biomedical and Health Sciences", 374th in "Life and Earth Sciences", 669th in "Mathematics and Computer Science", 544th in "Physical Sciences and Engineering", and 570th in "Social Sciences and Humanities".[38]

By Round University Ranking 2019, Istanbul University is ranked 529th in the world, 490th in "Humanities", 496th in "Life Sciences", 329th in "Medical Sciences", 556th in "Natural Sciences", 506th in "Social Sciences" and 600th in "Technical Sciences".[39][40]

Istanbul University Observatory

Notable faculty

Please see the page Istanbul University faculty.

Notable alumni

See also Istanbul University alumni for a detailed list.

Turkish Presidents
Foreign Presidents
Speakers of the Turkish parliament
Turkish Prime Ministers
Foreign Prime Ministers
Turkish Ministers
Politicians
Journalists
Scientists
  • Serdar Bulun
    • Writers
    Poets
    Musicians
    Other
    • Main Gate
      Main Gate
    • Faculty of Literature
      Faculty of Literature
    • Beyazit Campus
      Beyazit Campus
    • Beyazit Campus
      Beyazit Campus
    • Beyazit Campus
      Beyazit Campus
    • Faculty of Political Sciences Gulhane Building
      Faculty of Political Sciences Gulhane Building
    • Garden of Istanbul University - Süleymaniye Mosque at Rear
      Garden of Istanbul University - Süleymaniye Mosque at Rear
    • Süleymaniye Mosque - Istanbul University - Aerial view
      Süleymaniye Mosque - Istanbul University - Aerial view
    • Main Entrance and Beyazit Tower
      Main Entrance and Beyazit Tower
    • Courtyard of the Faculty of Literature
      Courtyard of the Faculty of Literature
    • Beyazit Tower in Main Campus
      Beyazit Tower in Main Campus
    • Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Faculty of Law
      Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Faculty of Law
    • Beyazit Campus
      Beyazit Campus
    • Istanbul University Rıdvan Çelikel Archaeological Museum
      Istanbul University Rıdvan Çelikel Archaeological Museum

    See also

    References

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    2. ^ a b "Istanbul University". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
    3. ^ "İstanbul Üniversitesi'nin kuruluşunun 86. yıl dönümü! İstanbul Üniversitesi tarihi". haberler.com (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
    4. ^ "Üniversitelerin kuruluş tarihleri". cnnturk.com (in Turkish). CNN Türk. 20 June 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
    5. ^ Journal of the American Medical Association, Volume 79. American Medical Association, 1922. p. 646
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    13. ^ "AACSB-Accredited Universities and Business Schools". www.aacsb.edu. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
    14. ^ "ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS". eduniversal-ranking.com. Eduniversal. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
    15. ^ "İstanbul Üniversitesi Ulaştırma ve Lojistik Fakültesi, Yüksekokul olarak faaliyet gösterdiği 16.06.2014 tarihinde IRU ile akredite olmuştur". kalite.istanbul.edu.tr (in Turkish). İstanbul Üniversiteti. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
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    20. ^ a b c d e f Rüegg, Walter: "European Universities and Similar Institutions in Existence between 1812 and the End of 1944: A Chronological List", in: Rüegg, Walter (ed.): A History of the University in Europe. Vol. 3: Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945), Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-521-36107-1, p. 687
    21. ^ Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 June 2009. Retrieved 5 January 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link). Banknote Museum: 6. Emission Group – Five Hundred Turkish Lira – I. Series Archived 4 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine & II. Series Archived 4 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine. – Retrieved 20 April 2009.
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