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Warren County, Ohio

Coordinates: 39°26′N 84°10′W / 39.43°N 84.17°W / 39.43; -84.17
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Not to be confused with Warren, Ohio.

Warren County
County
Warren County Administration Building in Lebanon, Ohio
Warren County Administration Building in Lebanon, Ohio
Official seal of Warren County
Seal
Map of Ohio highlighting Warren County
Location within the U.S. state of Ohio
Map of the United States highlighting Ohio
Ohio's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 39°26′N 84°10′W / 39.43°N 84.17°W / 39.43; -84.17
Country United States
State Ohio
FoundedMay 1, 1803[1]
Named forDr. Joseph Warren
SeatLebanon
Largest cityMason
Area
 • Total
407 sq mi (1,050 km2)
 • Land401 sq mi (1,040 km2)
 • Water6.0 sq mi (16 km2)  1.5%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
242,337
 • Density600/sq mi (230/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district1st
Websitewww.co.warren.oh.us

Warren County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2020 census, the population was 242,337.[2] Its county seat is Lebanon.[3] The county is one of Ohio’s most affluent, with the county median income the highest of Ohio’s 88 counties. The county was created on May 1, 1803 from Hamilton County; it is named for Dr. Joseph Warren, a hero of the Revolution who sent Paul Revere and the overlooked William Dawes on their famous rides and who died at the Battle of Bunker Hill.[4] Warren County is part of the Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

Warren County was founded in 1803. The first non-Native American settlers were migrants from New England. During the election of 1860[5] Abraham Lincoln received 60% of the vote in Warren County, and in 1864 he was reelected with 70% of the vote in the county.[6][7][8] From that time on the county was a stronghold of the Republican party, with Ulysses S. Grant going on to carry the county by large margins in both 1868 and 1872.[9][10][11]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 407 square miles (1,050 km2), of which 401 square miles (1,040 km2) is land and 6.0 square miles (16 km2) (1.5%) is water.[12] The county is a rough square with the sides roughly 20 miles (30 km) long.

Adjacent counties

Boundaries

Warren County was created by the first Ohio General Assembly in the Act of March 24, 1803, which also created Butler and Montgomery Counties. The act defined Warren County as "all that part of the county of Hamilton included within the following bounds, viz.: Beginning at the northeast corner of the county of Clermont, running thence west with the line of said county to the Little Miami; thence up the same with the meanders thereof to the north boundary of the first tier of sections in the second entire range of townships in the Miami Purchase; thence west to the northeast corner of Section No. 7 in the third township of the aforesaid range; thence north to the Great Miami; thence up the same to the middle of the fifth range of townships; thence east to the County line; thence with same south to the place of beginning." Originally this included land now in Clinton County as far east as Wilmington.

Clinton County proved a continuing headache to the legislature. The Ohio Constitution requires that every county have an area of at least four hundred square miles (1,036 km2). Clinton County's boundaries were several times adjusted in an effort to comply with that clause of the constitution. One of them, the Act of January 30, 1815, detached a strip of land from the eastern side to give to Clinton. That would have left Warren under four hundred square miles (1,036 km2), so a portion of Butler County (the part of Franklin Township where Carlisle is now located) was attached to Warren in compensation. The 1815 act was as follows:

  • Section 1—That all that part of the county of Butler lying and being within the first and second fractional townships in the fifth range, and adjoining the south line of Montgomery County, shall be and the same is hereby attached to and made part of the county of Warren.
  • Section 2—That eleven square miles 28 km2 of the territory of the county of Warren and extending parallel to the said eastern boundary of Warren County, along the whole length of such eastern boundary from north to south, shall be and the same is hereby attached to and made a part of the county of Clinton."

Except for the sections formed by the Great and Little Miamis, the sides are all straight lines.

Lakes and rivers

The major rivers of the county are the Great Miami River, which flows through the northwest corner of the county in Franklin Township, and the Little Miami River which zig-zags across the county from north to south. There is one sizable lake, the Caesars Creek Reservoir, created by a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dam on Caesars Creek in the northeast part of the county in Massie Township.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18109,925—
182017,83779.7%
183021,46820.4%
184023,1417.8%
185025,56010.5%
186026,9025.3%
187026,689−0.8%
188028,3926.4%
189025,468−10.3%
190025,5840.5%
191024,497−4.2%
192025,7165.0%
193027,3486.3%
194029,8949.3%
195038,50528.8%
196065,71170.7%
197084,92529.2%
198099,27616.9%
1990113,90914.7%
2000158,38339.0%
2010212,69334.3%
2020242,33713.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[13]
1790-1960[14] 1900-1990[15]
1990-2000[16] 2020 [17]

2000 census

As of the census[18] of 2000, there were 158,383 people, 55,966 households, and 43,261 families residing in the county. The population density was 396 people per square mile (153/km2). There were 58,692 housing units at an average density of 147 per square mile (57/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 94.66% White, 2.73% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 1.26% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.31% from other races, and 0.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.03% of the population.

There were 55,966 households, out of which 39.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.20% were married couples living together, 8.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.70% were non-families. 18.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 27.70% under the age of 18, 7.10% from 18 to 24, 34.00% from 25 to 44, 21.80% from 45 to 64, and 9.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 102.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $57,952, and the median income for a family was $64,692. Males had a median income of $47,027 versus $30,862 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,517. About 3.00% of families and 4.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.40% of those under age 18 and 4.70% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 212,693 people, 76,424 households, and 57,621 families residing in the county.[19] The population density was 530.0 inhabitants per square mile (204.6/km2). There were 80,750 housing units at an average density of 201.2 per square mile (77.7/km2).[20] The racial makeup of the county was 90.5% white, 3.9% Asian, 3.3% black or African American, 0.2% American Indian, 0.7% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.2% of the population.[19] In terms of ancestry, 28.7% were German, 14.1% were Irish, 12.0% were English, 11.6% were American, and 5.0% were Italian.[21]

Of the 76,424 households, 40.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.6% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 24.6% were non-families, and 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.14. The median age was 37.8 years.[19]

The median income for a household in the county was $71,274 and the median income for a family was $82,090. Males had a median income of $61,091 versus $41,331 for females. The per capita income for the county was $31,935. About 4.7% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.6% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.[22]

Economy

Warren County is home to the Mason Business Center, a 2-million-square-foot (0.19 km2) research and development facility for Procter and Gamble (P&G), whose global headquarters are located in downtown Cincinnati. [23] Originally built in 1995 after three years of construction, P&G recently completed expansion of a new 500,000-square-foot (46,000 m2) Beauty and Innovation Center in 2019, adding an additional 1,000 jobs for a total of 2,800 employees at the site.[24][25] Mason is also home to the corporate headquarters of LensCrafters.

Top Employers

According to the county's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[26] the top employers in the county are:

# Employer # of employees
1 Procter and Gamble 3,036
2 Macy's Credit and Customer Service 2,250
3 LensCrafters 1,853
4 Cintas 1,512
5 Wellpoint 1,300
6 Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield 1,300
7 Warren County 1,276
8 Atrium Medical Center 1,200
9 Mason City Schools 1,184
10 Huma Care 1,000

Government and infrastructure

Warren County has a 3-member Board of County Commissioners that administer and oversee the various County departments, similar to all but 2 of the 88 Ohio counties. The original county commissioners in 1804 were Robert Benham, Matthias Corwin and William James. The elected commissioners now serve four-year terms. Warren County's current elected commissioners are:

  • County Commissioners: Tom Grossmann (R), Shannon Jones (R), and David Young (R).[27]

Hospitals

Post offices

The following post offices, with ZIP codes, serve Warren County:

Telephone service

These are the telephone companies serving Warren County: CenturyLink (CL); FairPoint Communications (FP); Cincinnati Bell (Cin); AT&T (AT&T); TDS Telecom (TDS); and Frontier Communications (F). Warren County is in the 513 and 937 area codes.

The following exchange areas serve Warren County, listed with the area code and incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC) abbreviation from above serving that exchange (list may not be up-to-date):

  • Bellbrook (937-AT&T): 310, 661, 848
  • Blanchester (937-F): 783
  • Butlerville (513-TDS): 877
  • Centerville (937-AT&T): 350, 619, 885, 886
  • Clarksville (937-F): 289, 501, 574, 577
  • Franklin (937-AT&T): 514, 550, 557, 704, 743, 746, 748, 790, 806, 928
  • Germantown (937-FP): 855
  • Lebanon (513-CL): 228, 282, 331, 695, 696, 836, 850, 932, 933, 934
  • Little Miami (513-Cin): 239, 248, 274, 334, 340, 444, 453, 575, 576, 583, 600, 677, 683, 697, 707, 716, 722, 774, 831, 833, 965
  • Mason (513-CL): 336, 339, 398, 459, 492, 573, 622, 754, 229, 234, 701, 770
  • Miamisburg-West Carrollton (937-AT&T): 247, 353, 384, 388, 530, 560, 847, 859, 865, 866, 914
  • Middletown (513-AT&T): 217, 222, 224, 261, 267, 292, 306, 318, 320, 355, 392, 420, 422, 423, 424, 425, 433, 435, 464, 465, 571, 594, 649, 705, 727, 783, 804, 849, 890, 915
  • Monroe (513-AT&T): 360, 539
  • Morrow (513-CL): 899
  • New Burlington (937-F): 488
  • South Lebanon (513-CL): 268, 480, 494
  • Spring Valley (937-AT&T): 317, 659, 862
  • Springboro (937-AT&T): 743, 746, 748, 885, 886 - (513-CL): 902, 915, 956
  • Waynesville (513-CL): 897

Politics

Warren County has long been one of the most Republican counties in Ohio, and has been since the party was established in the 1850s. Since the first presidential election after its founding, 1856, Warren County has supported the Republican candidate for president all but once, the exception being 1964 when Warren County voted for Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson over Barry M. Goldwater. In 2008, Warren County cast the largest net vote for John McCain of any Ohio county. Before the Republican Party was formed, Warren County supported the Whigs.

The Republican trend is no less pronounced at the state level. Since 1869, Warren County has almost always supported the Republican candidate for Governor of Ohio, the exceptions being in 1924 when it supported Vic Donahey, 1932 (George White), 1952 (Frank Lausche), and 1958 (Michael V. DiSalle). However, other than DiSalle, each of these four Democrats, who were all victorious statewide, were conservative Democrats.

In local races, Warren County occasionally elected Democrats for much of the 20th century. In 1976, two of the three county commission seats were won by Democrats, and as late as the 1990s, local elections between Democrats and Republicans frequently remained competitive. However, with the massive expansion of Warren County's population in the 1990s, the county swiftly became a Republican stronghold, this being indicated by the fact that Republicans' typically ran unopposed. In elections between 1996 and 2012, in which eight county offices were on the ballot, no Democrat filed to run. In November 1999, the last elected Democrat to hold office in Warren County, a member of the Educational Service Center (county school board), lost her seat to a Republican.

United States presidential election results for Warren County, Ohio[28]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 87,988 64.49% 46,069 33.76% 2,384 1.75%
2016 77,643 65.63% 33,730 28.51% 6,936 5.86%
2012 76,564 68.85% 32,909 29.60% 1,724 1.55%
2008 71,691 67.36% 33,398 31.38% 1,337 1.26%
2004 68,037 72.06% 26,044 27.58% 341 0.36%
2000 48,318 69.95% 19,142 27.71% 1,618 2.34%
1996 33,210 59.94% 17,089 30.84% 5,110 9.22%
1992 27,998 53.02% 13,542 25.65% 11,262 21.33%
1988 31,419 73.38% 11,145 26.03% 254 0.59%
1984 29,848 76.40% 9,031 23.11% 191 0.49%
1980 22,430 63.14% 11,306 31.83% 1,786 5.03%
1976 16,115 53.83% 13,349 44.59% 471 1.57%
1972 20,210 72.45% 6,941 24.88% 746 2.67%
1968 12,663 48.68% 6,756 25.97% 6,595 25.35%
1964 10,982 46.96% 12,406 53.04% 0 0.00%
1960 14,505 64.61% 7,945 35.39% 0 0.00%
1956 13,673 65.53% 7,193 34.47% 0 0.00%
1952 11,529 62.04% 7,054 37.96% 0 0.00%
1948 7,584 56.56% 5,793 43.20% 32 0.24%
1944 8,598 59.86% 5,765 40.14% 0 0.00%
1940 8,722 55.85% 6,895 44.15% 0 0.00%
1936 7,359 50.04% 7,209 49.02% 139 0.95%
1932 7,421 56.37% 5,547 42.13% 197 1.50%
1928 8,708 77.62% 2,455 21.88% 56 0.50%
1924 6,729 69.02% 2,406 24.68% 614 6.30%
1920 7,464 64.96% 3,956 34.43% 71 0.62%
1916 3,610 54.35% 2,937 44.22% 95 1.43%
1912 2,788 44.49% 2,101 33.52% 1,378 21.99%
1908 4,233 60.51% 2,656 37.96% 107 1.53%
1904 4,381 67.11% 2,012 30.82% 135 2.07%
1900 4,311 60.59% 2,675 37.60% 129 1.81%
1896 4,379 60.53% 2,794 38.62% 61 0.84%
1892 3,807 59.00% 2,400 37.19% 246 3.81%
1888 4,173 59.78% 2,598 37.22% 210 3.01%
1884 4,318 62.73% 2,481 36.05% 84 1.22%
1880 4,565 63.86% 2,564 35.87% 19 0.27%
1876 4,146 61.79% 2,559 38.14% 5 0.07%
1872 3,763 63.38% 2,168 36.52% 6 0.10%
1868 3,917 67.63% 1,875 32.37% 0 0.00%
1864 3,911 70.84% 1,610 29.16% 0 0.00%
1860 3,316 60.62% 2,011 36.76% 143 2.61%
1856 2,688 55.91% 1,776 36.94% 344 7.15%

Education

Public school districts

Private schools

Virtual schools

Vocational schools

Colleges and universities

Warren County has no native colleges or universities, but was the original site selected for Miami University which instead located in Oxford, Ohio in 1809. National Normal University, a teachers college, was in Lebanon from 1855 until 1917 when it closed. Several colleges offer classes in Warren County at various locations, including Sinclair Community College of Dayton, the University of Cincinnati, and Wilmington College. Sinclair opened a branch in the Mason area in 2007. The University of Cincinnati owns 398 acres (1.61 km2) of land[29] at the intersections of I-71 and Wilmington road, but no plans for development on the site have been announced.

Libraries

The county has six public libraries:[30]

  • Franklin Public Library - Franklin
  • Lebanon Public Library - Lebanon
  • Mary L. Cook Public Library – Waynesville
  • Mason Public Library - Mason
  • Salem Township Public Library - Morrow
  • Springboro Public Library - Springboro

Transportation

Highways

Airports

Warren County has one public airport, designated as Lebanon-Warren County Airport (I68). The runway is a 4502' x 65' paved and lighted North-South runway (01/19), and parallel taxiway. Navigation and communications equipment includes PAPI, AWOS, Pilot Controlled Lighting, and UNICOM. The airport runway, taxiway, and navigation equipment is owned by the County. The county leases a public terminal, but other facilities are privately owned and operated under contract by a Fixed-base operator. The airport serves general and business aviation, but has no commercial airlines.

There are also two privately owned operating airports in the county; Waynesville airport, also known as Red Stewart Field (40I), and Caesar Creek Gliderport (2OH9), both with grass runways. Operations have ceased at two former private paved runway airports, Brownie's Lebanon Airport (19I), and Lebanon San Mar Gale (OH79).

Rail and Bus

Warren County does not have passenger train service except for a scenic train that runs between Lebanon and Mason. Freight trains still serve Carlisle, and on a limited basis, Monroe, Mason, and Lebanon. Historically, there have been several trains that ran through the county whose stops became cities and villages. These trains include the Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern Railway, the Middletown and Cincinnati Railroad, and the Little Miami Railroad whose path is now replaced by the Little Miami Bike Trail. There have been proposals to run commuter trains from Cincinnati to the Kings Island area, but none have ever found sufficient support or funding.[31]

There is no public bus transportation based in Warren County, but there is limited service from Cincinnati to Mason and Kings Island. Middletown also runs bus service to eastern portions of Middletown that are in Warren County.

Waterways

There are no commercially navigable waterways in Warren County, but the Warren County Canal did operate in the 19th century as a branch of the Miami and Erie Canal, bringing freight to Lebanon by canal boat. Recreationally, the Little Miami River can be traveled by canoe or kayak for its length through the county, and motorized boating can be done at Caesar's Creek Lake.

Media

The Journal-News circulates in Franklin, Springboro, Lebanon, and Turtlecreek Township. The Dayton Daily News, circulates in the northern part of the county. The Cincinnati Enquirer circulates through most of the county while the Cincinnati Post abandoned all distribution in the county in 2004.

Among its weekly papers are The Western Star, the oldest weekly in the state and the oldest newspaper west of the Appalachians published under its original name. It was closed down in 2012. It, like the Pulse-Journal in Mason and the Star-Press in Springboro, are owned by the parent of the Middletown Journal and the Dayton Daily News, Cox Media Group. Other weeklies include the Franklin Chronicle.

For a time in the mid-1990s, Lebanon was the home of a commercial radio station, WMMA-FM, 97.3, but its owners sold out and the new owners moved the station to Hamilton County. In 2010, the only radio station in the county at the time, WLMH-FM, a student-run station at Little Miami High School in Hamilton Township went off the air. In 2012, the FCC removed it from their database and cancelled their license as a result of it being silent for over a year.

Warren County is assigned to the Cincinnati television market, but Dayton television stations treat it as part of their market as well.

Recreation and attractions

Communities

Map of Warren County, Ohio with municipal and township labels

Cities

Villages

Townships

https://web.archive.org/web/20160715023447/http://www.ohiotownships.org/township-websites

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Notable natives and residents

See also

Historical articles about Warren County

State facilities in Warren County

References

  1. ^ "Ohio County Profiles: Warren County" (PDF). Ohio Department of Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 8, 2007. Retrieved April 28, 2007.
  2. ^ 2020 census
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. ^ "Warren County data". Ohio State University Extension Data Center. Retrieved April 28, 2007.[dead link‍]
  5. ^ The History of Warren County, Ohio: Containing a History of the County ; Its Townships, Towns ; General and Local Statistics ; Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men ; History of the Northwest Territory ; History of Ohio, Map of Warren County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneous Matters, Etc. by W.H. Beers & Company, 1882
  6. ^ "Presidential election of 1864 - Map by counties". geoelections.free.fr. Retrieved January 19, 2022.
  7. ^ https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?f=0&fips=39&year=1864
  8. ^ https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=1860&fips=39&f=1&off=0&elect=0
  9. ^ https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?f=0&fips=39&year=1872
  10. ^ https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?f=0&fips=39&year=1868
  11. ^ "Presidential election of 1876 - Map by counties". geoelections.free.fr. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  12. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on May 4, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  13. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  14. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  15. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  16. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  17. ^ 2020 census
  18. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  19. ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  20. ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  21. ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  22. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
  23. ^ "P&G'S MASON BUSINESS CENTER TURNS 20". Procter and Gamble. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  24. ^ "P&G unveils its largest R&D center in the world. It's in Mason, Ohio". Cincinnati Enquirer. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  25. ^ "Procter & Gamble to expand with new state-of-the-art center in Mason". WLWT. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  26. ^ "Warren County, Ohio Comprehensive Annual Financial Report For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2019" (PDF). Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  27. ^ "Ohio Counties". County Commissioners Association of Ohio. Retrieved December 29, 2016.
  28. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
  29. ^ http://www.co.warren.oh.us/auditor/property_search/summary.asp?account_nbr=7202334 Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Warren county property record
  30. ^ "Warren County Ohio". Archived from the original on April 22, 2017. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
  31. ^ "Cincinnati's Rail + Bus Plan". www.lightrailnow.org. Retrieved April 6, 2018.

Further reading

  • Elva R. Adams. Warren County Revisited. Lebanon, Ohio: Warren County Historical Society, 1989.
  • Robert Brenner. Maineville, Ohio, History: 100 Years as an Incorporated Town, 1850–1950. Cincinnati: John S. Swift, 1950.
  • The Centennial Atlas of Warren County, Ohio. Lebanon, Ohio: The Centennial Atlas Association, 1903.
  • Mabel Eldridge and Dudley Bryant. Franklin in the Great Miami Valley. Edited by Harriet E. Foley. Franklin, Ohio: Franklin Area Historical Society, 1982.
  • Harriet E. Foley, editor. Carlisle: The Jersey Settlement in Ohio, 1800–1990. 2nd ed. Carlisle, Ohio: The Editor, 1990.
  • Josiah Morrow. The History of Warren County, Ohio. Chicago: W.H. Beers, 1883. (Reprinted several times)
  • Ohio Atlas & Gazetteer. 6th ed. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme, 2001. ISBN 0-89933-281-1
  • Thomas D. Schiffer. Peters & King: The Birth & Evolution of the Peters Cartridge Co. & the King Powder Co. Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications, 2002. ISBN 0-87349-363-X
  • William E. Smith. History of Southwestern Ohio: The Miami Valleys. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing, 1964. 3 vols.
  • Rose Marie Springman. Around Mason, Ohio: A Story. Mason, Ohio: The Author, 1982.
  • Warren County Engineer's Office. Official Highway Map 2003. Lebanon, Ohio: The Office, 2003.

39°26′N 84°10′W / 39.43°N 84.17°W / 39.43; -84.17

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