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Arkhip Kuindzhi

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Arkhip Kuindzhi
Portrait of Arkhip Kuindzhi
Portrait of Kuindzhi by Viktor Vasnetsov, 1869
Born(1841-01-27)27 January 1841
Mariupolsky Uyezd, Russian Empire (present-day Mariupol, Ukraine)
Died24 July 1910(1910-07-24) (aged 69)
St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
EducationFull Member Academy of Arts (1893)
Alma materImperial Academy of Arts (1868)
Known forPainting
Notable workEvening in Ukraine (1878–1901), Night on the Dnepr (1882)
MovementRealism
AwardsBronze Medal (London, 1874)
Patron(s)Pavel Tretyakov

Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi (Russian: Архи́п Ива́нович Куи́нджи pronounced [ɐrˈxʲip kʊˈindʐɨ]; Template:Lang-el; 27 January 1841[1] – 24 July 1910) was a Russian[2][3] landscape painter of Greek descent.

Date of Birth

Exact date of birth of Kuindzhi is not known. Although it was believed that he was born in 1842, the latest discoveries in archives suggest that he was born in 1841. Kuindzhi himself, when asked by St. Petersburg Academy of Arts to clarify his date of birth, "clearly wrote 1841, then, with doubt, January, and then several times crossed out the month"[4].

The resarchers believe he was born somewhere between January and March 1841. The commonly recognized date is January 27, although Kuindzhi celebrated his Name day on February 19 O.S. (March 4 N.S.), on the fest of Archippus[4].

Biography

Arkhip Kuindzhi was born in Mariupolsky Uyezd (one of the subdivisions of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate of the Russian Empire) but spent his youth in the city of Taganrog. His Christian name is a Russian rendering of the Greek, Ἄρχιππος, (Archippos, from ἄρχος (archos) "master" and ἱππος (hippos) "horse": "master of horses"; cf. Colossians 4:17; ) and his surname came from his grandfather's vocational nickname meaning 'goldsmith' in Crimean Tatar (Template:Lang-crh).[5] He grew up in a poor family; his father was a Pontic Greek shoemaker, Ivan Khristoforovich Kuindzhi (sometimes spelt Emendzhi). Arkhip was six years old when he lost his parents, so he was forced to make a living working at a church building site, grazing domestic animals, and working at the corn merchant's shop. He received the rudiments of an education from a Greek friend of the family who was a teacher and then went to the local school.

In 1855, at age 13–14, Kuindzhi visited Feodosia to study art under Ivan Aivazovsky, however, he was engaged merely with mixing paints[6] and instead studied with Adolf Fessler, Aivazovsky's student.[7] A 1903 encyclopedic article stated: "Although Kuindzhi cannot be called a student of Aivazovsky, the latter had without doubt some influence on him in the first period of his activity; from whom he borrowed much in the manner of painting."[8] English art historian John E. Bowlt wrote that "the elemental sense of light and form associated with Aivazovsky's sunsets, storms, and surging oceans permanently influenced the young Kuindzhi."[6]

During the five years from 1860 to 1865, Arkhip Kuindzhi worked as a retoucher in the photography studio of Simeon Isakovich in Taganrog. He tried to open his own photography studio, but without success. After that Kuindzhi left Taganrog for Saint Petersburg.

He studied painting mainly independently and at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (from 1868; a full member since 1893). He was co-partner of travelling art exhibitions (Peredvizhniki), a group of realist artists of Russian Empire who in protest to academic restrictions formed an artists' cooperative which evolved into the Society for Traveling Art Exhibitions (Peredvizhniki) in 1870.

In 1872 the artist left the academy and worked as a freelancer. The painting On the Valaam Island was the first artwork which Pavel Tretyakov acquired for his art gallery. In 1873 Kuindzhi exhibited his painting The Snow which received the bronze medal at the International Art Exhibition in London in 1874. In the middle of the 1870s he created a number of paintings in which the landscape motif was designed for concrete social associations in the spirit of Peredvizhniki (Forgotten village, 1874; Chumatski path, 1875; both – in the Tretyakov Gallery).

In his mature period Kuindzhy aspired to capture the most expressive illuminative aspect of the natural condition. He applied composite receptions (high horizon, etc.), creating panoramic views. Using light effects and intense colors shown in main tones, he depicted the illusion of illumination (Evening in Ukraine, 1876; The Birch Grove, 1879; After a thunderstorm, 1879; all three are in the Tretyakov Gallery; Moonlit Night on the Dnieper, 1880 in the Russian Museum, St. Petersburg). His later works are remarkable for their decorative effects of color building.

Kuindzhi lectured at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (Professor since 1892; professor-head of landscape workshop since 1894; but was fired in 1897 for support of students' protests). Among his students were artists such as Arkady Rylov, Nicholas Roerich, Konstantin Bogaevsky, and others. Kuindzhi initiated the creation of the Society of Artists (1909; later – the Society was named after A.I. Kuindzhi).

Theft of work

In January 2019, his work Ai-Petri. Crimea was stolen from Moscow's Tretyakov Gallery, but was found and safely recovered the next day[9]

Works

  • Lake Ladoga (1873)
    Lake Ladoga (1873)
  • The Birch Grove (1879)
    The Birch Grove (1879)
  • Dnieper in the Morning (1881)
    Dnieper in the Morning (1881)
  • Moonlit Night on the Dnieper (1880)
    Moonlit Night on the Dnieper (1880)
  • Surf and Clouds (1882)
    Surf and Clouds (1882)
  • Elbrus (1890–1895)
    Elbrus (1890–1895)
  • Evening in Ukraine (1878–1901)
    Evening in Ukraine (1878–1901)
  • Moonspots in the Forest, Winter (1898–1908)
    Moonspots in the Forest, Winter (1898–1908)
  • Red Sunset on the Dnieper (1905)
    Red Sunset on the Dnieper (1905)

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arkhip Kuindzhi.

References

  1. ^ "27 січня 1841 року народився український живописець-пейзажист Архип Куїнджі". dn.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Governor of Donetsk Oblast. January 27, 2022.
  2. ^ "Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi | Russian painter | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
  3. ^ "Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi | Red Sunset on the Dnieper | The Metropolitan Museum of Art". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
  4. ^ a b Марина Молошна (January 27, 2022). "Що не так з датою народження Куїнджі, та чому Google помилився, привітавши всіх з його 180-річчям". www.0629.com.ua (in Ukrainian). 0629.com.ua. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  5. ^ "Biography of Arkhip Ivanovich Kuinji (1842-1910), Russian Artist". 2000. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
  6. ^ a b Bowlt, John E. (1975). "A Russian Luminist School? Arkhip Kuindzhi's "Red Sunset on the Dnepr"". Metropolitan Museum Journal. 10. Metropolitan Museum of Art: 123–125. doi:10.2307/1512704. JSTOR 1512704. S2CID 192949837.
  7. ^ Manin, Vitaly [in Russian] (2000). Архип Куинджи (in Russian). Moskva: Belyĭ gorod. p. 6. ISBN 978-5-7793-0219-7. в Феодосию к знаменитому Айвазовскому. Куинджи прибыл в тихую Феодосию, по-видимому, летом 1855 года. ... Устройством Куинджи занялся Адольф Фесслер, ученик и копиист Айвазовского. Жил Архип во дворе под навесом в ...
  8. ^ "Куинджи Архип Иванович". Russian Biographical Dictionary (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: Imperial Russian Historical Society. 1903. Хотя Куинджи и нельзя назвать учеником Айвазовского, но последний имел на него, несомненно, некоторое влияние в первый период его деятельности; от него он заимствовал многое в манере писать, в выборе тем, в любви к широким пространствам. online view
  9. ^ "Painting stolen in Tretyakov Gallery heist 'not damaged', source says". TASS.
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