Kempegowda International Airport
Kempegowda International Airport | |||||||||||||||
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Summary | |||||||||||||||
Airport type | Public | ||||||||||||||
Owner |
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Operator | Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL) | ||||||||||||||
Serves | Bengaluru | ||||||||||||||
Location | Devanahalli, Karnataka, India | ||||||||||||||
Opened | 24 May 2008 | ||||||||||||||
Hub for | |||||||||||||||
Focus city for | |||||||||||||||
Elevation AMSL | 915 m / 3,002 ft | ||||||||||||||
Coordinates | 13°12′25″N 077°42′15″E / 13.20694°N 77.70417°E | ||||||||||||||
Website | www | ||||||||||||||
Map | |||||||||||||||
Runways | |||||||||||||||
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Statistics (April 2020 – March 2021) | |||||||||||||||
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Kempegowda International Airport (IATA: BLR, ICAO: VOBL) is an international airport serving Bengaluru, the capital of Karnataka, in the southern part of India. Spread over 4,000 acres (1,600 ha), it is located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of the city near the suburb of Devanahalli. It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a public–private consortium. The airport opened in May 2008 as an alternative to increased congestion at HAL Airport, the original primary commercial airport serving the city. It is named after Kempe Gowda I, the founder of Bengaluru. Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka's first fully solar powered airport developed by CleanMax Solar. The Kempegowda International Airport's 3 Letter IATA code "BLR" is Derived from Silicon Valley of India Bengaluru.[6][7][8][9]
Kempegowda Airport is the third-busiest airport by passenger traffic and total cargo handled in India,[10] behind the airports in Delhi and Mumbai, and is the 29th busiest airport in Asia. It handled around 10.91 million passengers in the calendar year 2020 with 311 aircraft movements a day. The cargo handled by the airport has decreased by 12.7%, with the airport handling about 326,372 tonnes (359,764 short tons) of cargo between April 2020 and March 2021, compared to 374,062 tonnes (412,333 short tons) of cargo handled between April 2019 and March 2020.[5]
The airport has a single passenger terminal that handles both domestic and international operations, and two runways, the second of which was commissioned on 6 December 2019.[11][12] A second terminal(Phase-1) is in the final stages of construction. Also, there is a cargo village and three cargo terminals. The airport serves as a hub for AirAsia India, Alliance Air, Go First, IndiGo, Star Air and DHL Aviation[2] and is a focus city for Air India and SpiceJet. The airport was recognised as the best airport (25 to 40 million passengers per annum) in Asia-Pacific in 2020 by Airports Council International.[13]
History
Planning (1991–2004)
The original airport serving Bangalore was HAL Airport, located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the city centre was the primary airport serving Bangalore city until 2008. It was originally established in 1942 with the main focus of using HAL Airport for Military services and Defence. In Late 70's, HAL Airport began being used for domestic operations for the first time, and began offering a selection of domestic flights, which were proved popular and thereby quickly expanded. In the late 1990s, the first international flights started.[14] Air India was the first airline to offer international flights, flying to Singapore. In the Year 2000, the first foreign airline started operations from HAL Airport, with Royal Nepal Airlines to Kathmandu, followed by Lufthansa's A340 a year later from Germany. Several other major international carriers such as British Airways and Air France were already serving the old airport by 2005.[15]
However, as Bangalore grew into the Silicon Valley of India and passenger traffic to the city rose, HAL Airport with a single runway and limited aircraft parking space for only six aircraft, was unable to cope with this increased traffic. In 2007 it saw a footfall of 8 million passengers, more than double its original capacity of 3.6 million.[16][17] There was no room for expansion and the airport apron could only park six aircraft.[18] In March 1991, former chairman of the National Airports Authority of India (NAAI) S. Ramanathan convened a panel to select the site for a new airport. The panel decided on Devanahalli, a village about 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Bangalore.[19][20] The State Government made a proposal to build the airport with private assistance, which the Union Government approved in 1994.[21] Finally in 1995, Airports Authority of India (AAI) and Government of Karnataka decided to call for international consortia to Own, Build and Operate the new Greenfield airport of the city.[22]
In December 1995, a consortium of Tata Group, Raytheon and Singapore Changi Airport signed a memorandum of understanding with the State Government regarding participation in the project. In June 1998, however, the consortium announced it was pulling out of the project due to delays in government approval. These included disputes over the location of the airport and the fate of HAL Airport.[19][23]
In May 1999, the Airports Authority of India (AAI) and the Karnataka State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation (KSIIDC) of the State Government signed a memorandum of understanding regarding the nature of the project. It would be a public–private partnership, with AAI and KSIIDC having a 26% share and private companies having the remaining 74%.[21] In January 2001, the State Government created the company Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL) as a special purpose entity and began searching for partners.[24] By November, the project had attracted Unique Zürich Airport, Siemens Project Ventures and Larsen & Toubro.[25] Construction was expected to begin in October 2002;[26] however, governmental delays persisted.[27][28] The concession agreement between the State Government, the Union Government and BIAL was signed in July 2004.[29] In it, BIAL required the closure of HAL Airport.[30]
It took nearly a decade from the initial stage of land allocation and acquisition, to signing of shareholder agreements in 2002 and until start of construction. The Government of India had already planned to privatise other airports, in the time when BIAL had to negotiate the legal framework.
During the formation of legal framework, BIAL's main observation was the unprecedented growth that aviation industry faced. BIAL now had to verify the airport capacity and take necessary steps to make the airport practical for years to come.[22]
Designing
BIAL, when the project was first designated, had anticipated the traffic of approximately 5 million in the first year of operations in 2008. But HAL Airport had handled over 8 Million passengers by the time the construction of New Greenfield airport for Bangalore started. It was a challenge to significantly increase the project size which was already under construction, without delaying the initial airport opening date. It took more than 9 months to redesign the process along with the formal approvals and by the time the approval for increased project was sanctioned, half of the construction was complete. The project was well on track despite the challenge and was expected to be ready by initial given open date.
The revised increased capacity project was constructed to cater to 11 million passengers per annum, from the previous plan of 5 Million passengers per annum. BIAL increased project had plans to build a terminal with 8 passengers boarding bridges, 1 double arm aerobridge, 9 remote bus gates, a Runway measuring 4000 metres with efficient taxiways System. BIAL also planned to build an apron with 42 code C aircraft stands (with 8 Contact stands) with an air and land side road system. sufficient parking space, as well as the necessary auxiliary buildings were also included. Service providers were selected to build aviation fuel facility, cargo warehouses, flight catering kitchens and aircraft maintenance hangars. The estimated cost for whole project was 1930 crores ($430 million), which was financed by Dept, state loan and equity.
The new masterplan was designed keeping in mind several aspects in order to fulfil the need for an operationally-efficient and passenger-friendly airport. The design ensures that, based on passenger and cargo growth, the size and capacity of the airport can be gradually expanded. The master plan not only provides for premium land for commercial real estate developments such as office parks, retail and entertainment, but also for hospitality. There is also land reserved for a rail link to the city.[22]
Construction and opening (2005–2008)
Construction finally commenced on 2 July 2005.[31] When a study predicted the airport would receive 6.7 million passengers in 2008, the airport was redesigned from its initial capacity of 4.5 million passengers to 11 million,[32] with the terminal size expanded and the number of aircraft stands increased. The cost of the airport rose to ₹19.3 billion (US$230 million).[33] Construction was completed in 32 months, and BIAL set the launch date for 30 March 2008.[34] However, due to delays in establishing air traffic control services at the airport, the launch date was pushed to 11 May[35] and finally 24 May 2008.[36]
As the opening date for the airport approached, public criticism arose, mainly directed toward the closure of HAL Airport. In March 2008, AAI employees conducted a massive strike against the closure of HAL Airport along with Begumpet Airport in Hyderabad, fearing they would lose their jobs.[37] The Bangalore City Connect Foundation, a group of citizens and businessmen, staged a rally in mid-May, claiming the new airport was too small for the latest demand projections.[38][39] On 23 May, a hearing was held at the Karnataka High Court over poor connectivity between the city and the airport. Ultimately, the State Government decided to go ahead with inaugurating the new airport and closing HAL Airport.[40]
The first flight to the airport, Air India Flight 609 from Mumbai, was allowed to land the previous night as it would be continuing to Singapore shortly after midnight. The aircraft touched down at 10:40 pm on 23 May.[41] The airport became the third greenfield airport under a public–private partnership to open in India, after Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad and Cochin International Airport.[42]
Renaming and expansion (2009–present)
The original name of the airport was Bengaluru International Airport.[43] In February 2009, the State Government sent a proposal to the Union Government to rename the airport after the founder of Bangalore, Kempe Gowda I.[44] When no action was taken, the State Government passed a resolution for the name change in December 2011.[45] The Union Government accepted the proposal in 2012[46] and formally approved it in July 2013.[45] The airport was officially renamed Kempegowda International Airport on 14 December 2013 amid the inauguration of the expanded terminal building.[47]
Kingfisher Airlines once operated a hub and was one of the largest airlines at the airport. Following its collapse in October 2012, other airlines stepped in to fill the gap in domestic connectivity by adding more flights.[48] In addition, Air Pegasus and AirAsia India launched hub operations at the airport in 2014.[49][50]
The first phase of expansion was launched in June 2011 and finished in December 2013.[51][52] The ₹15 billion (US$180 million) project doubled the size of the passenger terminal to 150,556 square metres (1,620,570 sq ft), involving the construction of additional facilities for check-in, immigration, security and baggage reclaim.[52][53] One domestic gate and three international gates were added as well. A large, sweeping roof connects the original building with the expanded areas.[54] The expanded terminal, dubbed "Terminal 1A", has raised the annual passenger capacity of the airport to 25 million.[55]
Ethiopian Airlines began the first and only flights between Bangalore and Africa in 2019, linking the city to its hub in Addis Ababa.[56] Two years later, an Air India Boeing 777-200LR arrived from San Francisco, marking the first direct service between the United States and Bangalore, as well as South India as a whole.[57][58] The flights operate under a temporary arrangement between the Indian and American governments that facilitates nonstop air travel between the two countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Air India has not indicated whether it will continue to fly this route after the agreement ends.[59] United Airlines and American Airlines are scheduled to initiate non-stop flights from San Francisco and Seattle/Tacoma in May 2022 and late 2022 respectively.
Ownership
The airport is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a public limited company. The Government of India has granted BIAL the right to operate the airport for 30 years, with the option to continue for another 30 years. The company is a public–private consortium venture. GVK initially owned 43% of the shares in Bangalore Airport. In 2016, GVK decided to divest its 33% share of in BIAL to Fairfax Financial for ₹2149 cr. In March 2017, GVK confirmed having done so.
Finally, in January 2018, GVK decided to sell the remaining 10% shares to Fairfax Financial for ₹1,290 crore and exit Bangalore Airport completely.[60]
26% is held by government entities Karnataka State Industrial Investment and Development Corporation (13%) and Airports Authority of India (13%), and 74% is held by private companies Fairfax Financial (54%) and Siemens Project Ventures (20%).[61][62][63]
In March 2021 the Airports Authority of India announced their plans to sell their 13% stake in order to raise funds. Between FY 2022–2025, the Government aims to raise as much as ₹20,782 crore through aviation. The process will start with the selling of stakes of Bangalore Airport followed by Hyderabad, Mumbai and Delhi.[64]
Facilities
Runways
Kempegowda International Airport has two runways in use.
- Runway 09L/27R: 4,000 by 45 metres (13,123 ft × 148 ft), CAT I, ILS equipped.[65][66]
- Runway 09R/27L: 4,000 by 60 metres (13,120 ft × 200 ft), CAT III, ILS equipped.[65][66]
Four years after it was laid, the runway was entirely resurfaced because of a serious decline in quality.[67] From 11 March to 3 April 2012, it was closed daily between 10:30 am and 5:30 pm.[68] As a result, BIAL accused construction company Larsen & Toubro of building the runway poorly.[69] South of runway 09/27 are a full-length parallel taxiway and the apron, which extends from the Blue Dart/DHL terminal to the passenger terminal.
The construction of the second runway at the airport is now complete, and was officially in use from 6 December 2019, when an Indigo airlines flight (6E 466) to Hyderabad took off from runway 09R.[70] The runway will cater to all types of aircraft including Code-F aircraft like Airbus A380 and Boeing 747-8 and will be equipped with CAT IIIB ILS. The runway will also feature an associated parallel taxiway and two cross-field taxiways on the east linking the new runway to the existing north runway and the aprons at Terminal 1 and the upcoming Terminal 2. The existing runway will also be upgraded as part of the expansion work.[71]
The old runway (Runway 09L/27R) was closed from 22 June 2020 for nine months for rehabilitation and strengthening.[72] The runway was opened for service again on 31 March 2021 and now put into service with the south runway making KIA the first airport in South India to have parallel runway operations.[73]
Terminals
A single integrated passenger terminal accommodates both domestic and international operations. It covers 150,556 m2 (1,620,570 sq ft) and can handle 20 million passengers annually.[53][55] Check-in and baggage reclaim are situated on the lower floor, while departure gates are located on the first floor. Gates 1, 2, 12–18, 28–30 on the first floor are used for domestic departures, gates 31–42 on the first floor are used for international departures, gates 3–9 and gates 19–25 form the Western and Eastern bus gates respectively.[74] Gate 41–42 is equipped to serve the world's largest passenger aircraft, the Airbus A380.[75] Lounges are provided by Above Ground Level and Plaza Premium Lounge, which also operates a day hotel in the terminal.[76] For VIPs there is a separate 930-square-metre (10,000 sq ft) lounge.[54][77][78]
Expansion
Under the second phase of the airport's expansion, a new terminal called Terminal 2 is being built.[79] The new terminal has been designed by architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and is being built by Larsen & Toubro.[79]
Aviation fuel services
The airport has a fuel farm, spread over 11 acres (4.5 ha) west of the cargo village and passenger terminal. It was built by IndianOil SkyTanking Ltd (IOSL) but is shared by multiple oil companies.[80] In October 2008, Indian Oil commissioned a 36-kilometre (22 mi) fuel pipeline between its storage terminal in Devanagonthi and Kempegowda Airport. Previously, jet fuel had to be transported to the airport by tank trucks, which created traffic and pollution problems.[81]
Cargo facilities
Kempegowda Airport has three cargo terminals. One is operated by AISATS Ltd and has a capacity for 150,000 tonnes (170,000 short tons) of cargo;[82] it includes a facility for storing pharmaceuticals.[83]
DHL and Blue Dart Aviation jointly operate a 20,500-square-metre (221,000 sq ft) terminal.[84]
BIAL inaugurated a separate cargo village in December 2008. The village is spread over 11 acres (4.5 ha) and includes office space, conference rooms, a cafeteria for staff and parking space for nearly 80 trucks.[82] It did not open for occupation until 2010 and initially suffered low occupancy, which some cargo agents attributed to the opening delay, high rent and limited infrastructure.[85]
Day Hotel
The Day Hotel is located on the second level (Domestic Departures) and open 24 hour for passengers with boarding passes or flight tickets.[86] It consists of 20 rooms of different categories.
Lounges
There are two lounges in the Airport, namely BLR Domestic Lounge and BLR International Lounge.[citation needed]
Future plans
The second phase of expansion is underway, which encompasses the construction of a second runway and passenger terminal. When complete, Kempegowda Airport will be able to handle 55 million passengers per year.[87][88] The estimated ₹40 billion (US$480 million) project received clearance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests in September 2014.[89][90]
Ground work on the second runway began in February 2016 and the runway opened in December 2019.[89][91] Located south of the original terminal, it is parallel to runway 09/27 and measures 4,000 by 60 metres (13,120 ft × 200 ft), wider than the original runway so it can accommodate larger aircraft. The new runway is also CAT III certified, allowing for landings in fog and other low visibility conditions.[92]
A second terminal is being constructed to meet the airport's expected growth, and it will be constructed in two phases. This terminal has been designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, and the construction contract has been awarded to Larsen & Toubro. In the first phase, the terminal will cater to 25 million passengers annually. Terminal 2 is estimated to cost ₹30.37 billion (US$360 million).[93][94] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused a shortage of manpower and resulted in delays of work, Terminal 2 is now expected to be completed by mid-2022. All International flights will be operated from T2[95]
A third runway, north of the current runway is being planned to cater to the growth of air traffic in the airport which will be situated 1500 meters north of the current runway. Dubbed as the "New North Parallel Runway,", the officials hope to ease air traffic congestion with the third runway.[96]
IndiGo announced in January 2019, its plan to build a second maintenance repair and overhaul facility at the airport, which was expected to be operational by March 2020.[97]
Statistics
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
Kempegowda International Airport has a very strong Domestic Connectivity. BLR offers Non-stop flights to 74 Domestic Destinations across the country.
The Top Domestic routes from Kempegowda International Airport are: Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Pune
Top International Routes from the Airport are: Dubai—International, Singapore, Abu Dhabi, Doha and London—Heathrow [98]
Cargo
Connectivity
Road
Kempegowda Airport is connected to the city of Bangalore by National Highway 44 (NH 44). In January 2014, a six-lane flyover was completed over NH 44 between Hebbal and the airport, helping to reduce travel time to and from the city.[172][173] Two alternative routes are under construction and will be completed by March 2017, one through Thanisandra and the other through Hennur.[174] The airport car park is located at ground level and can hold 2,000 vehicles.[17] The airport is served by several taxi and rental car companies.[175] In addition, ride-sharing companies Ola Cabs and Uber have their own pick-up zones outside the terminal.[176][177]
The Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) provides bus transportation to major parts of the city through the Vayu Vajra (Kannada for "Diamond in the Air") service.[178] It is operated using a fleet of Volvo B7RLE buses. In addition, the Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) operates a nonstop bus service called "Flybus" between Kempegowda Airport and Mysore, as well as a route to Manipal via Mangalore.[179]
Rail
A halt at the KIA boundary commenced operations in January 2021.[180] The train halt is connected to the airport terminal via short five-minute shuttle busses. Every day five trains from the city towards Devanahalli stop at the KIA halt and five trains head back.[181] Future plans include hyper electrification of the route to introduce comfortable MEMU trains to the airport. Besides, MEMU trains from Mysore that terminate at Yelahanka could be extended up to Devanahalli via the KIA halt station, benefitting airport-bound passengers from Mysore, Channapatna, Ramanagaram and Bidadi.[182]
Metro
The plan to build a metro link between Bangalore and the airport with two stations at the airport was revived and is now under construction.[183] In January 2019, Karnataka Government approved the Bangalore Airport Metro line. The project which is envisioned to link Bangalore City with the airport is under Phase 2B of Namma Metro, and is 37 km long. The blue line also known as Line-5 (KR Puram-Hebbal-Kempegowda International Airport) will have 17 Stations as an extension of Line-5 (ORR Line) via KR puram, Nagawara, Hebbal And Yelahanka. The Project is estimated to be completed by December 2024.[184]
There are two metro stops being built in the airport campus, one near the upcoming Airport City, which will be partly elevated and the other one in the Multi Modal Transport Hub opposite the upcoming Terminal 2, which will be a level below the ground, for which BMRCL plans to dig 4 to 5 metres below the ground. The cost of building these two stations is estimated to be Rs 800 crore. And the total cost of the project is expected to be Rs14,788 Crores.[185]
To ensure last-mile connectivity for passengers, a service road will be provided around the Metro Stations in the Airport premises, for integration with BMTC buses. Plans are to build a 6m wide road.[186]
High Speed Rail Link (HSRL)
In August 2021, Karnataka Chief Minister Basavaraj Bommai declared plans of building a High Speed Rail Link (HSRL) connecting the airport and the city. If constructed, the airport will be connected by three different railway lines: theMetro, Suburban rail and High-speed rail, making it a distinctive airport connected with all three (modes of transportation).
This is not the first time this is planned. Plans to build High Speed Rail Link (HSRL) was earlier planned in 2001 and was revived again in 2013, But was shelved both of the times due to issues in Land acquisition and High cost involved.[187]
This plan has been revived, as the Chief Minister believes that this has been their dream and they are going to get it done as no international airport in the world has got all three (modes of transportation).[187]
Virgin Hyperloop
In September 2019 Virgin Hyperloop proposed to undertake a first-of-its-kind project of a hyperloop corridor connecting the Airport and the city, for which the two parties have signed an MoU to look into its feasibility.
It was expected that pre-feasibility study will be undertaken in two different phases of six months each. This study focuses on economic, technical and route feasibility. The Hyperloop, with top speed of 1080 kmph, could transport thousands of passengers per hour between the City and the Airport in under 10 minutes.[188]
See also
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External links
Media related to Kempegowda International Airport at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
- Vayu Vajra Bus Timings to and from BIAL