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Sergio Mattarella
Official portrait, 2015
President of Italy
Assumed office
3 February 2015
Prime MinisterMatteo Renzi
Paolo Gentiloni
Giuseppe Conte
Mario Draghi
Preceded byGiorgio Napolitano
Judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy
In office
11 October 2011 – 2 February 2015
Appointed byItalian Parliament
Preceded byUgo De Siervo
Succeeded byAugusto Antonio Barbera
Minister of Defence
In office
22 December 1999 – 11 June 2001
Prime MinisterMassimo D'Alema
Giuliano Amato
Preceded byCarlo Scognamiglio
Succeeded byAntonio Martino
Deputy Prime Minister of Italy
In office
21 October 1998 – 22 December 1999
Prime MinisterMassimo D'Alema
Preceded byWalter Veltroni
Succeeded byGianfranco Fini
Minister of Public Education
In office
23 July 1989 – 27 July 1990
Prime MinisterGiulio Andreotti
Preceded byGiovanni Galloni
Succeeded byGerardo Bianco
Minister for Parliamentary Relations
In office
29 July 1987 – 23 July 1989
Prime MinisterGiovanni Goria
Ciriaco De Mita
Preceded byGaetano Gifuni
Succeeded byEgidio Sterpa
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
In office
12 July 1983 – 28 April 2008
ConstituencySicily (1983–2001; 2006–2008)
Trentino-Alto Adige (2001–2006)
Personal details
Born (1941-07-23) 23 July 1941 (age 83)
Palermo, Sicily, Kingdom of Italy
Political partyIndependent (since 2008)
Other political
affiliations
DC (before 1994)
PPI (1994–2002)
DL (2002–2007)
PD (2007–2008)
Spouse
Marisa Chiazzese
(m. 1966; died 2012)
Children3, including Laura
ResidenceQuirinal Palace
Alma materSapienza University of Rome
Signature

Sergio Mattarella OMRI OMCA (Italian pronunciation: [ˈsɛrdʒo mattaˈrɛlla]; born 23 July 1941) is an Italian politician, jurist, academic, and lawyer who has served as the president of Italy since 2015. He previously served as Italian Minister for Parliamentary Relations from 1987 to 1989, Italian Minister of Education from 1989 to 1990, Deputy Prime Minister of Italy from 1998 to 1999, and Italian Minister of Defence from 1999 to 2001. In 2011, Mattarella became an elected judge on the Constitutional Court of Italy. On 31 January 2015, he was elected to the presidency on the fourth ballot, supported by the centre-left coalition majority led by the Democratic Party (PD) and centrist parties.[1] He was re-elected for a second term on 29 January 2022, becoming the second Italian president to be re-elected,[2] the first one being Giorgio Napolitano.

As of 2022, four prime ministers have served under Mattarella's presidency, among them Matteo Renzi, then the PD's leader and main sponsor of Mattarella's candidacy,[3] Paolo Gentiloni, a leading member of the PD who succeeded Renzi after his resignation in 2016,[4] Giuseppe Conte, at that time an independent politician who governed both with right-wing and left-wing coalitions in two consecutive cabinets,[5] and Mario Draghi, a banker and former president of the European Central Bank, who was appointed by Mattarella to lead a national unity government following Conte's resignation.[6]

Early life

Sergio Mattarella with his father Bernardo in 1963

Mattarella was born in Palermo into a prominent Sicilian family. His father Bernardo Mattarella was an anti-fascist who, alongside Alcide De Gasperi and other prominent Catholic politicians, founded Christian Democracy (DC), which dominated the Italian political scene for almost fifty years, with Bernardo serving as a minister several times.[7] His mother Maria Buccellato came from an upper middle-class family of Trapani.[8][9]

During his youth, Mattarella moved to Rome due to his father's commitments to politics. In Rome, he became a member of Azione Cattolica (AC), a large Catholic lay association, of which he became the regional chairman for Lazio from 1961 to 1964.[10] After attending Istituto San Leone Magno, a classical lyceum (liceo classico) in Rome,[11] he studied law at the Sapienza University of Rome, where he joined the Italian Catholic Federation of University Students.[12]

In 1964, Mattarella graduated with merit with the thesis The Function of Political Direction.[13] In 1967, he became a lawyer in Palermo, becoming particularly involved in administrative law.[14] After a few years, Mattarella started teaching parliamentary procedure at the University of Palermo, where he remained until 1983. His academic activity and publications during this period mainly concerned constitutional law topics, the intervention of Sicily in economy, bicameralism, legislative procedure, expropriation allowance, evolution of the Sicilian regional administration, and controls on local authorities.[15]

In 1966, Mattarella married Marisa Chiazzese, daughter of Lauro Chiazzese, former rector of the University of Palermo, with whom he had three children: Laura, Francesco, and Bernardo.[16] On 6 January 1980, his older brother Piersanti Mattarella, who was also a DC politician and president of Sicily since 1978, was killed by the Sicilian Mafia in Palermo.[17] This event deeply changed Mattarella's life, and he left his academic career to enter politics.[18]

Political career

One of the first important positions that Mattarella held was the head of the board of arbitrators of the DC, quickly reconstituted at the end of 1981 following the P2 scandal and the establishment of the related parliamentary commission of inquiry, chaired by Tina Anselmi. The internal body of the party had been charged with identifying the militants registered in the Masonic lodge of Licio Gelli to expell or suspend them, having violated the statute of the party that prohibited registration to Masonic lodges.[19] Mattarella's parliamentary career began in 1983, when he was elected member of the Chamber of Deputies with nearly 120,000 votes in the constituency of Palermo.[20] As a deputy, Mattarella joined the left-leaning faction of DC known as morotei. The faction, close to Aldo Moro, supported an agreement with the PCI led by Enrico Berlinguer, the so-called Historic Compromise.

In 1982, Cosa Nostra killed the regional secretary of the PCI Pio La Torre and the prefect of Palermo Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa. These tragic events shook the credibility of the regional political system dominated by the Christian Democracy. In the following year, Mattarella was entrusted by Ciriaco De Mita, the secretary of DC, to "clean up" the Sicilian branch of the party from Mafia control, at a time when mafia made men like Salvo Lima and Vito Ciancimino were powerful political figures in the region.[21] In 1985, he helped the young lawyer Leoluca Orlando, who had worked alongside his brother Piersanti during his governorship of Sicily, to become the new mayor of Palermo; the two men set out to break the Mafia's hold on the island, transferring budget authority from the corrupt regional government back to the cities and passing a law enforcing the same building standards used in the rest of Italy, thereby making the Mafia's building schemes illegal.[22]

In 1987, Mattarella was re-elected to the Chamber of Deputies with more than 143,000 votes, remaining close to the left-leaning faction of the party as well as to its secretary De Mita.

Minister and lawmaker

Mattarella in 1994

On 29 July 1987, Mattarella was appointed Italian Minister for Parliamentary Relations in the government led by the Christian democratic prime minister Giovanni Goria.[23] The government lasted until April 1988, when De Mita was sworn in as new prime Minister. However, Mattarella was confirmed as minister.[24]

On 23 July 1989, he became Italian Minister of Education in the sixth cabinet of Giulio Andreotti.[25] In January 1990, Mattarella led the first National School Conference, which discussed the renewal of the educational system and addressed the issue of school autonomy.[26] In March 1989, a maxi-competition for professorships was held for the secondary school. Mattarella reorganized also the teaching programs of two-year high schools, completing the first steps of the so-called "Brocca project", the educational system's revision program, undertaken under his predecessor Giovanni Galloni in 1988. Mattarella also oversaw the overall reform of the elementary school which, on 23 May 1990, made the three teachers' module on two classes universal, leading to the overcoming of the traditional single teacher.

At the end of June, the so-called anti-drug law was approved, which mandated health education to schools: the combination of the education system and preventive measures, not only in health matters, was in fact part of the programmatic lines that the minister had drawn. However, on 27 July 1990, Mattarella resigned from his position, together with other ministers, upon the Italian Parliament's passing in 1990 of the Mammì Act, liberalising the media in Italy, which they saw as a favour to the media magnate Silvio Berlusconi.[27]

In 1990, Mattarella was appointed Vice-Secretary of DC. He left the post two years later to become director of Il Popolo, the official newspaper of the party. Following the 1993 Italian referendum, he drafted the new electoral law nicknamed Mattarellum.[28] In 1994, when DC was dissolved in the wake of the Tangentopoli corruption scandal, he helped found the Italian People's Party (PPI), along with its first leader Mino Martinazzoli and other former DC members.[27] In the ensuing 1994 Italian general election, in which the newly founded PPI fared poorly, Martinazzoli was again elected to the Chamber of Deputies.[29] He soon found himself engaged in an internal dispute after the election of new party leader Rocco Buttiglione, who wished to steer the PPI towards an electoral alliance with Berlusconi's Forza Italia.[27] Following Buttiglione's appointment, Mattarella resigned as director of Il Popolo in opposition to this policy.[30]

Mattarella with the U.S. Secretary of Defense William Cohen in March 2000

Mattarella was one of the first supporters of the economist Romano Prodi at the head of the centre-left coalition known as The Olive Tree in the 1996 Italian general election. After the electoral victory of the centre-left, Mattarella served as president of the PPI's parliamentary group.[31] Two years later, when the Prodi I Cabinet fell, Mattarella was appointed by Massimo D'Alema as Deputy Prime Minister of Italy with responsibility for the secret services, which he tried to reform. The reform of the secret services proposed by Mattarella collected the indications provided by the Jucci Commission, which had worked extensively on the subject, and aimed at strengthening the political control of the services by the prime minister of Italy, in coordination with the Digis (Government Department of Security Information), by removing power from the Interior Ministry and Defense.[32] It was the basis for the 2007 reform of the secret services.[33]

In December 1999, Mattarella was appointed Italian Minister of Defence in the D'Alema II Cabinet. As Minister of Defence, he supported the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia against the Serbian president Slobodan Milošević; he also approved a reform of the Italian Armed Forces which abolished conscription. After the resignation of D'Alema in 2000, he kept his position as Minister of Defence in the Amato II Cabinet.[27]

In October 2000, the PPI joined with other centrist parties to form an alliance called The Daisy (DL), later to merge into a single party in March 2002. Mattarella was re-elected to the Italian Parliament in the 2001 and 2006 general elections, standing as a candidate for The Daisy in two successive centre-left coalitions: The Olive Tree and The Union (L'Unione).[29]

In 2007, Mattarella was one of the founders of the Democratic Party (PD), a big tent centre-left party formed from a merger of left-wing and centrist parties which had been part of The Olive Tree, including The Daisy and the Democrats of the Left (heirs of the PCI).[27]

On 5 October 2011, Mattarella was elected by the Italian Parliament with 572 votes to be a judge of the Constitutional Court of Italy. He was sworn in on 11 October 2011 and served until he was sworn in as President of the Italian Republic.[34][29]

President of Italy

First term (2015–2022)

Mattarella with his predecessor Giorgio Napolitano

On 31 January 2015, Mattarella was elected the president of Italy at the fourth ballot with 665 votes out of 1,009, with support from the Democratic Party (PD), New Centre-Right, Civic Choice, Union of the Centre, and Left Ecology Freedom.[35][36] Mattarella was officially endorsed by the PD after his name was put forward by Matteo Renzi, the prime minister of Italy at the time.[37] He replaced Giorgio Napolitano, who had served for nine years, the longest presidency in the history of the Italian Republic; since Napolitano had resigned on 14 January, Senate president Pietro Grasso was the Acting President at the time of Mattarella's inauguration on 3 February. Mattarella's first statement as new president was thusly: "My thoughts go first and especially to the difficulties and hopes of our fellow citizens."[38][39][40]

Mattarella's first presidential visit was on the day of his election, when he visited the Fosse Ardeatine, where during World War II in 1944 the German Nazi occupation troops killed 335 people as a reprisal for an Italian resistance movement attack. Mattarella stated that "Europe and the world must be united to defeat whoever wants to drag us into a new age of terror".[41] On 6 May, he signed the new Italian electoral law, known as Italicum, which provides for a two-round system based on party-list proportional representation, corrected by a majority bonus and a 3% election threshold. Candidates run for election in 100 multi-member constituencies with open lists, except for a single candidate chosen by each party who is the first to be elected.[42]

2016 political crisis

Mattarella and Russian president Vladimir Putin in Moscow, April 2017

On 4 December 2016, a constitutional referendum was held in Italy.[43][44] Voters were asked whether they approve a constitutional law that amends the Constitution of Italy to reform the composition and powers of the Parliament of Italy, as well as the division of powers between the state, the regions, and administrative entities.[45][46] The bill, put forward by then-Prime Minister Matteo Renzi, and his centre-left Democratic Party, was first introduced by the government in the Senate on 8 April 2014. After several amendments were made to the proposed law by both the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, the bill received its first approval on 13 October 2015 (Senate) and 11 January 2016 (Chamber of Deputies), and its second and final approval on 20 January (Senate) and 12 April (Chamber of Deputies).[47]

In accordance with Article 138 of the Constitution of Italy, a referendum was called after the formal request of more than one-fifth of the members of both the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies,[48] since the constitutional law had not been approved by a qualified majority of two-thirds in each house of parliament in the second vote.[49] 59.11% of voters voted against the constitutional reform, meaning it did not come into effect.[50] This was the third constitutional referendum in the history of the Italian Republic; the other two were in 2001, in which the amending law was approved, and in 2006, in which it was rejected.[51] Following this, Prime Minister Renzi announced his resignation. On 11 December, Mattarella appointed the incumbent Minister of Foreign Affairs Paolo Gentiloni as new head of the government.[52][53]

2018 general election

The March 2018 election resulted in a hung parliament, with no coalitions able to form a majority of seats in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The election was seen as a backlash against the Establishment with the Five Star Movement (M5S) and the League becoming the two largest parties in the Parliament.[54][55]

After the election's results were known, Luigi Di Maio, leader of the M5S, and Matteo Salvini, secretary of the League, each urged that Mattarella should give him the task of forming a new cabinet because he led the largest party or coalition, respectively.[56] On 5 March, Matteo Renzi announced that the PD would be in the opposition during this legislature and that he would resign as party leader when a new cabinet was formed.[57] On 6 March, Salvini repeated his campaign message that his party would refuse any coalition with the Five Star Movement.[58] On 14 March, Salvini nonetheless offered to govern with the M5S, imposing the condition that League ally Forza Italia (FI), led by former prime minister Silvio Berlusconi, must also take part in any coalition. Di Maio rejected this proposal on the grounds that Salvini was "choosing restoration instead of revolution" because "Berlusconi represents the past".[59] Moreover, Alessandro Di Battista, a prominent M5S leader, denied any possibility of an alliance with FI, describing Berlusconi as the "pure evil of our country".[60]

Mattarella with Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni on 24 March 2018

The consultations between Mattarella and the major political parties in Italy on 4 and 5 April failed to result in a candidate for the prime minister, forcing Mattarella to hold another round of consultation between 11 and 12 April.[61]

On 18 April, Mattarella tasked the President of the Senate Elisabetta Casellati with trying to reconcile the issues between the centre-right coalition and the M5S in order to break the post-election political deadlock and form a fully functional new government;[62][63] however, she failed to find a solution to the conflicts between the two groups, especially between FI and the M5S.[64][65] On 23 April, after Casellati's failure, Mattarella gave an exploratory mandate to the President of the Chamber of Deputies Roberto Fico to try to create a political agreement between the Democratic Party (PD) and the M5S.[66][67][68] On 30 April, following an interview of Renzi, the PD's former leader, in which he expressed his strong opposition to an alliance with the M5S, Di Maio called for new elections.[69][70][71]

On 7 May, Mattarella held a third round of government formation talks, after which he formally confirmed the lack of any possible majority (the M5S rejecting an alliance with the centre-right coalition, the PD rejecting an alliance with both M5S and the centre-right coalition, and the League's Salvini refusing to form a government with M5S unless it included Berlusconi's FI, whose presence in the government was explicitly vetoed by the M5S's leader Di Maio); as a result, he announced his intention to soon appoint a "neutral government" (ignoring the M5S and the League's refusal to support such an option) to take over from the Gentiloni Cabinet, which was considered unable to lead Italy into a second consecutive election, as it represented a majority from a past legislature, and suggested an early election in July, which would be the first summer general election in Italy, as an option in light of the ongoing deadlock.[72] The League and the M5S agreed to hold new elections on 8 July, an option that was rejected by all other parties.[73][74][75]

On 9 May, after a day of rumours, the M5S and the League officially asked Mattarella to give them 24 more hours to strike a coalition agreement between the two parties.[76] Later that same day, Berlusconi publicly announced that FI would not support an M5S–League government on a vote of confidence but would maintain the centre-right alliance, opening the door to a possible majority government between the two parties.[77] On 13 May, the M5S and League reached an agreement in principle on a government program, clearing the way for the formation of a governing coalition between the two parties, but could not agree regarding the members of a government cabinet, most importantly the prime minister. The M5S and League leaders met with Mattarella on 14 May to guide the formation of a new government.[78] At their meeting with Mattarella, both parties asked for an additional week of negotiations to agree on a detailed government program, as well as a prime minister to lead the joint government.[79][80] Both the M5S and the League announced their intention to ask their respective members to vote on the government agreement by the weekend.[81]

Mattarella with Giuseppe Conte at the Quirinal Palace

On 21 May, a private law professor, Giuseppe Conte, was proposed by Di Maio and Salvini for the role of Prime Minister of Italy.[82][83][84] Despite reports in the Italian press suggesting that Mattarella still had significant reservations about the direction of the new government,[85] Conte was invited to the Quirinal Palace on 23 May to receive the presidential mandate to form a new cabinet.[86][87] In the traditional statement after the appointment, Conte said that he would be the "defense lawyer of Italian people".[88]

On 27 May, Conte renounced his mandate due to conflicts between Salvini and Mattarella. Salvini had proposed university professor Paolo Savona as Italian Minister of Economy and Finances, but Mattarella strongly opposed the appointment, considering Savona too Eurosceptic and anti-German.[89] In his speech after Conte's resignation, Mattarella declared that the two parties wanted to bring Italy out of the eurozone and that, as the guarantor of the Italian constitution and the country's interest and stability, he could not allow this. Mattarella subsequently gave economist Carlo Cottarelli the presidential mandate to form a new government.[90][91][92]

Mattarella's decision prompted furious reactions from the M5S, who called for Mattarella's impeachment, a move also supported by opposition party Brothers of Italy.[93] The League did not support this action.[94] Calls for impeachment were strongly criticized by Italian and international press. Luciano Fontana (editor of Corriere della Sera) defended Mattarella and said that "Di Maio and Salvini are responsible for this crisis", while Mario Calabresi (editor of la Repubblica) dismissed impeachment proposals as "delirious", and La Stampa called Di Maio and Meloni's proposal "extremely irresponsible".[95] HuffPost editor Lucia Annunziata dismissed Di Maio and Salvini as "liars",[96] while news magazine L'Espresso called them "subversive", and Le Monde praised Mattarella as an "intransigent guardian of the Constitution".[97] The president was also defended by The Guardian, Libération, and Der Spiegel.[98] German business newspaper Handelsblatt titled "Forza Mattarella!" ("Go Mattarella!")[99] Marco Travaglio and Maurizio Belpietro (editors of Il Fatto Quotidiano and La Verità) criticized Mattarella's move as an abuse but recognized that it was not sufficient to start an impeachment procedure.[100][101] On 31 May, Conte again received the presidential mandate to form the new cabinet.[102] The new government was sworn in on 1 June.[103]

2019 political crisis

President Mattarella during the August 2019 consultations

In August 2019, Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini announced a motion of no confidence against Conte, after growing tensions within the majority.[104] Many political analysts believe the no-confidence motion was an attempt to force early elections to improve Lega's standing in the Italian Parliament, ensuring that Salvini would become the next prime minister.[105] On 20 August, following the parliamentary debate in which Giuseppe Conte accused Salvini of being a political opportunist who "had triggered the political crisis only to serve his personal interest",[106] the prime minister resigned his post to President Mattarella.[107] On the following day, Mattarella started the consultations with parliamentary groups.[108]

During the round of consultations between Mattarella and the parliamentary groups, a possible new majority emerged, between the Five Star Movement and the Democratic Party (PD).[109] On 28 August, PD's leader Nicola Zingaretti announced at the Quirinal Palace his favorable position on keeping Conte at the head of the new government.[110] On the following day, Mattarella received Conte to give him the task of forming a new cabinet.[111] On 4 September, Conte announced the composition of his new cabinet, which was sworn in at the Quirinal Palace on the following day.[112] On 9 September 2019, the Chamber of Deputies expressed its confidence in the government with 343 votes in favour, 263 against, and 3 abstentions.[113][114] On 10 September 2019, in the second vote of confidence in the Senate, 169 lawmakers voted in favour of the new government and 133 voted against.[115]

2021 political crisis

Mattarella and Mario Draghi at the Quirinal Palace in February 2021

In January 2021, Matteo Renzi, leader of Italia Viva (IV) and former prime minister, announced that he would revoke IV's support to the government of Giuseppe Conte.[116] On 18 and 19 January, Renzi's party abstained and the government won the key confidence votes in the Chamber and in the Senate, but it failed in reaching an absolute majority in the Senate.[117] On 26 January, Prime Minister Conte resigned from his office, prompting President Mattarella to start consultations for the formation of a new government.[118]

In February, when the consultations for the formation of a Conte's third government failed, Mattarella gave Mario Draghi, former president of the European Central Bank, the task of forming a government of national unity.[119][120][121] After successful negotiations with parties including the League, the Five Star Movement, the Democratic Party, and Forza Italia, Draghi was sworn in as the prime minister on 13 February, pledging to oversee effective implementation of COVID-19 economic stimulus.[122]

COVID-19 pandemic

During Mattarella's presidency, Italy was hit by a major outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. In February 2020, Italy became one of the countries with the highest number of confirmed cases of COVID-19.[123] As of January 2022, there have been more than 10 million COVID-19 cases confirmed and more than 145,000 deaths; it started in Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Piedmont, and Veneto.[124]

Mattarella wearing a protective mask at the Victor Emmanuel II Monument during the Liberation Day in April 2020

On 22 February, the Council of Ministers announced a bill to contain the COVID-19 outbreak, quarantining more than 50,000 people from 11 different municipalities in Northern Italy. After few days, schools and universities closed in the whole country.[125] On 8 March, the Italian government extended the quarantine to the entire region of Lombardy and 14 other northern provinces, putting more than a quarter of the national population under pandemic lockdown.[126] On the following day, the government extended the quarantine measures previously applied only in the so-called "red zones" to the whole country, putting de facto 60 million people in lockdown.[127][128] At the time of its application,[129] this measure was described as the largest lockdown in human history.[130][131][132] On 18 May, the lockdown officially ended and the government allowed the re-openings of bars, restaurants, barbers and gyms.[133] The possibility to travel between different regions was restored on 3 June.[134]

Starting from July, many countries in Europe, including Italy, witnessed a new rise in detected COVID-19 cases.[135][136] On 7 October, the parliament postponed the end of the state of emergency to 31 January 2021, and Prime Minister Conte imposed the use of protection mask outdoors.[137] On 13 October 2020, the Italian government reintroduced stricter rules to limit the spread of COVID-19.[138] Demonstrations and gatherings of people were strictly forbidden.[139] Regions and municipalities were given the power to only tighten but not release containment measures.[140] On 25 October, the government introduced new restrictions, imposing the closing of gyms, swimming pools, theatres, and cinemas, as well as the closing of bars and restaurants by 6pm.[141] Restrictions were later confirmed until April 2021 by the new government led by Mario Draghi.[142]

On 15 March 2021, Prime Minister Draghi placed the majority of Italy under so-called "full lockdown" conditions, with non-essential businesses closing and travel restricted, in response to an increase in the transmission of COVID-19; unlike the 2020 lockdown, factories and some other workplaces were allowed to remain open. Announcing the lockdown, Draghi vowed that Italy would see its vaccination programme triple in April, reaching 500,000 people per day by that time.[143]

Mattarella on 31 December 2021 during his last speech of his first term as president

In June 2021, the more contagious SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant became predominant in Italy.[144][145][146] To contain the spread of new variants, in August 2021 the government extended the requirement of the EU Digital COVID Certificate, also known as Green Pass, to the participation in sports events and music festivals but also to the access to indoor places like bars, restaurants and gyms, as well as to long-distance public transportation.[147] On 15 October, Italy became the first country in the world to establish a mandatory COVID-19 vaccination certificate for the entire work force, public, and private.[148]

On 31 December, during what was anticipated to be his last speech to the nation as president and within a dramatic increasing in COVID-19 cases, Mattarella thanked all the Italians who got vaccinated, stressing that "wasting vaccines was an offense to anyone who didn't have them".[149] Mattarella also stated that during his seven-year term he never felt alone, thanking Italians to have shown "the best face of the country".[150]

Second term (2022–present)

Sergio Mattarella taking the office of President of the Italian Repubblic for the second time

During 2021, despite high popularity[151][152][153] amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy,[154] President Mattarella expressed his unavailability regarding a second term, which had been proposed by various political forces, recalling similar remarks made by his predecessors Antonio Segni and Giovanni Leone.[155][156] On 29 January 2022, Mattarella agreed to serve a second term,[157] as most party leaders and Prime Minister Mario Draghi asked him to accept their joint nomination for another term.[158][159][160]

Personal life

Mattarella was married to Marisa Chiazzese, daughter of Lauro Chiazzese, a professor of Roman law and rector of the University of Palermo. His wife died in 2012. He has three children:[161] Bernardo Giorgio (born 1968),[162] Laura (1968), and Francesco (1973). His brother Piersanti Mattarella was murdered in 1980 in Sicily by Cosa Nostra while serving as President of the Regional Government of Sicily. Another brother, Antonio Mattarella, was Managing Director of the Investment Banking division of Goldman Sachs from 2005 to 2017.[163][164] His daughter Laura has acted as de facto First Lady,[165] accompanying her father on official trips outside Italy.[166][167]

Electoral history

Election House Constituency Party Votes Result
1983 Chamber of Deputies Palermo–Trapani–Agrigento–Caltanissetta DC 119,969 checkY Elected
1987 Chamber of Deputies Palermo–Trapani–Agrigento–Caltanissetta DC 143,935 checkY Elected
1992 Chamber of Deputies Palermo–Trapani–Agrigento–Caltanissetta DC 50,280 checkY Elected
1994 Chamber of Deputies Sicily 1 PPI [a] checkY Elected
1996 Chamber of Deputies Sicily 1 PPI [a] checkY Elected
2001 Chamber of Deputies Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol DL [a] checkY Elected
2006 Chamber of Deputies Sicily 1 Ulivo [a] checkY Elected
  1. ^ a b c d Elected in a closed list proportional representation system.

Presidential elections

2015 presidential election (4th ballot)
Candidate Supported by Votes %
Sergio Mattarella PD, NCD, SC, UDC, SEL 665 65.9
Ferdinando Imposimato M5S 127 12.5
Others 85 8.4
Blank or invalid votes 118 11.6
Abstentions 14 1.3
Total 1,009 100.0
2022 presidential election (8th ballot)
Candidate Supported by Votes %
Sergio Mattarella M5S, Lega, PD, FI, IV, CI, LeU, Aut, Az, +Eu 759 75.2
Carlo Nordio FdI 90 8.92
Nino Di Matteo Alt 37 3.7
Others 59 5.8
Blank or invalid votes 38 3.8
Abstentions 26 2.6
Total 1,009 100.0

Honours

National honours

Foreign honours

References

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  2. ^ "Elezioni Presidente della repubblica 2022". La Repubblica (in Italian). 27 January 2022. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  3. ^ Foster, Peter; Squires, Nick; Vogt, Andrea (3 December 2016). "Europe holds its breath as Italy heads to the polls for critical referendum". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
  4. ^ Rovelli, Michela (11 December 2016). "Governo, Gentiloni accetta l'incarico di governo: 'Un grande onore'". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  5. ^ Borrelli, Silvia Sciorilli (9 August 2019). "Matteo Salvini calls confidence vote in Italian PM". Politico. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  6. ^ "Mario Draghi's new government to be sworn in on Saturday". The Guardian. 12 February 2021. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  7. ^ Gigante, Lorenzo. "Personaggi Trapanesi – Bernardo Mattarella". Trapani Nostra. Archived from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
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Political offices
Preceded by Minister for Parliamentary Relations
1987–1989
Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Public Education
1989–1990
Succeeded by
Preceded by Deputy Prime Minister of Italy
1998–1999
Vacant
Title next held by
Gianfranco Fini
Preceded by Minister of Defence
1999–2001
Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Italy
2015–present
Incumbent
Legal offices
Preceded by
Ugo De Siervo
Judge of the Constitutional Court
2011–2015
Succeeded by
Order of precedence
First Order of precedence of Italy
President of the Republic
Succeeded by
Elisabetta Casellati
President of the Senate